Primary introduction to external reality: the early stages

Environmental Needs; the Early Stages; Total Dependence and Essential Independence

The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott ◽

10.1093/med:psych/9780190271350.003.0027 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 171-176

Author(s):

Donald W. Winnicott

Keyword(s):

Human Infant ◽

External Reality ◽

Shared Reality ◽

Early Stages ◽

Total Dependence ◽

Essential Independence

In this lecture to teachers, Winnicott is concerned with the introduction of external reality to the human infant. His thesis is that a mother manages her baby in order to give it the illusion that what it gets is created out of its own feelings. The question is whether enough illusion has taken place for the infant to build up a world which we could recognize has come from our shared reality. Teachers provide a lot in this process by being a person or a group in which a child can find love, aggression, guilt, and the opportunity to give.

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Primary Introduction to External Reality: The Early Stages

The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott ◽

10.1093/med:psych/9780190271350.003.0026 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 165-170

Author(s):

Donald W. Winnicott

Keyword(s):

External Reality ◽

Child Guidance ◽

Early Stages ◽

The Difference

In this lecture, Winnicott discusses the difference between child guidance, paediatrics, and psychiatry. The importance of seeing the child not as a body or a mind but as both as a person is highlighted. The importance of the environment is stressed.

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Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100076263 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 518-519

Author(s):

George G. Cocks ◽

Louis Leibovitz ◽

DoSuk D. Lee

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Crassostrea Virginica ◽

Crystal Orientation ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Gastrula Stage ◽

Orthorhombic Crystal ◽

Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Early Stages ◽

Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

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Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100096618 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 672-673

Author(s):

S. Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Channel Formation ◽

Early Stages ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Three Stages ◽

Two Stages ◽

Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

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