Conclusion: Economic Restructuring and Gender Subordination

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Helen I. Safa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
And Gender

Middle class timelines: Ethnic humor and sexual modernity in Delhi

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Hall
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Sexual Knowledge ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Everyday Interaction ◽  
English Competence ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe rise of India's global economy has reinforced a perception of English as a language of sexual modernity within the expanding middle classes. This article explores this perception in the multilingual humor of Hindi-speaking Delhi youth marginalized for sexual and gender difference. Their joking routines feature the Sikh Sardarji, a longstanding ethnic figure often caricatured as circulating in modernity but lacking the English competence to understand modernity's semiotics. Reflective of the economic restructuring that ushered in the millennium, the humor supports a normative progress narrative that prioritizes an ethnically unmarked urban middle class. At the same time, the lesbian, bisexual, and transgender youth who tell these jokes—still criminalized under Section 377 when this fieldwork was conducted—shift this narrative by positioning sexual knowledge at modernity's forefront. The analysis reveals how sexual modernity—here viewed as constituted in everyday interaction through competing configurations of place, time, and personhood—relies on normativity even while defining itself against it. (Chronotope, ethnic humor, formulaic jokes, globalization, Hindi-English, Hinglish, media, middle class, normativity, sexual modernity, temporality)*

Regional Convergence in Low-Wage Work and Earnings, 1970–2000

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enobong Hannah Branch ◽  
Caroline Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
The South ◽  
Earnings Growth ◽  
Occupational Differences ◽  
Personal Services ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Wage Earnings

Southern and non-Southern labor markets entered the period of economic restructuring from different starting points. Industrial and occupational differences across regions were eroded by the growth of the service industry in all regions, the decline in personal services within the South, and the decline of unions and manufacturing jobs outside of the South. This analysis underscores that indicators of precarity such as unionization and part-time jobs are really at the core of understanding regional low-wage earnings convergence. Furthermore, the authors find that an interaction between the regional structure of occupational opportunities and the racial and gender makeup of workers in jobs, particularly black women, plays an important role in producing the sharp low-wage earnings growth observed in the South in the 1970s and 1980s.

Relocating Gender and Rural Economic Strategies

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1221-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M Oberhauser
Keyword(s):  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Rural Appalachia ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

In recent decades, increasing entrepreneurial activities among women have contributed to shifting livelihood strategies at the household, community, and regional scales. In this paper I examine home-based work in an economic network to highlight the intersection of gender and economic practices in rural Appalachia. The research demonstrates that these livelihood strategies both construct and are shaped by dynamic material conditions and social processes in place. Economic restructuring in the central Appalachian region has led to the reworking of economic strategies, despite a continued reliance by households on homework and informal activities. The case study for this project is an economic network comprised of sixty home-based workers who produce knitwear for regional and national markets. In-depth interviews and extensive fieldwork are used to examine the complexity of shifting economic livelihoods in the rural Appalachian context. The analysis focuses on the (re)negotiation of gender identities by home-based workers in the context of economic restructuring. The discussion also shows how participation in these activities contributes to economic and social empowerment. Overall, this study offers a critical approach to the economy, work, and gender in a way that analyzes diverse economic practices and the construction of gender identity in a rural, economically marginalized region.

Reworking Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Okura Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Middle Class Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Japanese Companies ◽  
Japanese Corporations

This book examines how the past several decades of neoliberal economic restructuring and reforms in Japan have reshaped the nation's corporate ideologies, gender ideologies, and subjectivities of individual employees. With Japan's remarkable economic growth since the 1950s, the lifestyles and life courses of “salarymen” came to embody the “New Middle Class” family ideal. As this book demonstrates, however, the nearly three decades of economic stagnation since the bursting of the economic bubble in the early 1990s has tarnished this positive image of salarymen. In a sweeping appraisal of recent history, the book shows how economic restructuring has reshaped Japanese corporations, workers, and ideals, as well as how Japanese companies and employees have responded to such changes. The book explores Japan's fraught and problematic transition from the postwar ideology of “companyism” to the emergent ideology of neoliberalism and the subsequent large-scale economic restructuring. By juxtaposing Japan's economic history with case studies and life stories, the book goes beyond the abstract to explore the human dimension of the neoliberal reforms that have impacted the nation's corporate governance, socioeconomic class, workers' ideals, and gender relations. Reworking Japan, with its first-hand analysis of how the supposedly hegemonic neoliberal regime does not completely transform existing cultural frames and social relations, will shake up preconceived ideas about Japanese men in general and salarymen in particular.

In The Name of Harmony and Prosperity: Labor and Gender Politics in Taiwan's Economic Restructuring. By ANRU LEE. [New York: State University of New York Press 2004. xvi+196pp. $45.00. ISBN 0-7914-6033-9.]

2005 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
I-Ru Chen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
General Description ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
And Gender

Anru Lee's In The Name of Harmony and Prosperity examines the labour and gender politics in the latest phase of Taiwan's economic restructuring. The author argues that the conventional wisdom that regards the interaction between culture and economy as a static relationship is problematic, and she sets out to develop a dialectic approach to culture and economy. Lee has collected a huge amount of data from fieldwork interviews and observational skills, and the research outcome further affirms the idea that the cultural dimension has to be taken into account in order to understand fully Taiwan's economic success. The book is divided into seven broad chapters: Taiwan's great transformation; From sunrise to sunset; The waning of a hard work ethic; The meaning of work; Between filial daughter and loyal sister; Guests from the tropics; and Bringing the global and the local.The author begins with a general description of Taiwan's economic transformation in recent decades, and then focuses on the latest changes in the textile industry in Homei, analysing how the local residents responded to and engaged in the changes. In chapter two, “From sunrise to sunset,” Lee highlights the significance of the cultural ideal in Taiwan's decentralized production system. She argues that the “black-hand becoming boss” (heishou bian toujia) cultural notion helps to thwart the development of class consciousness in Taiwan's society and adds legitimacy to the factory owner's complaint of labour shortages and society's declining work ethic. Chapter three, “The waning of a hard work ethic,” shows the paradoxical nature of the claims about the shortage of labour and explores the New Generation moral discourse, which involves a network value of hard work, equal opportunity and social mobility. Chapter four presents the life stories of three women from different generations and discusses the meaning of work to them. The author argues that not only gender but also other social institutions (such as the patrilineal kinship system, family and relations in production) have to be examined in order to fully comprehend the relationship between the economy and the formation of women's subjectivity.

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