COVID-19 Impact on International Migration

COVID 19 created many problems around the world and it affected everybody including migrants and immigrants. Many countries halted asylum seeker procedure in order to stop COVID 19 spreading but some countries restarted asylum seeker procedure since many people were in dangerous situation and they needed protection. Migrants and immigrants are highly vulnerable and can be infect by COVID 19. Many organizations especially international Organization played and are playing very important role to protect them against COVID 19. Migrants are working in frontline, they are in contact with other people, and the risks are very high to infect by COVID 19. Many of them hit globally very hard because of the COVID 19 especially due to the economic shut downs for example food, accommodating and personal services. Many countries closed their borders and they halted asylum seeker procedure. The number of restrictions and measures that imposed on migrants and immigrants reached 4600 around the world. Many countries have imposed travel ban especially on new comers.

Family Caregivers in Rural Appalachia Caring for Older Relatives with Dementia: Predictors of Service Use

Background and Objectives Residents of rural Appalachia tend to experience poorer health and greater economic distress than rural dwellers elsewhere in the U.S. Although family is the first line of support for older adults needing care, it is unclear whether dementia caregivers in Appalachia assume these care responsibilities because of strong informal networks that support them in their caregiving role, under-resourced formal services for persons with dementia, or culture-based reluctance to accept help from outsiders. This research examines how rural residents of Appalachia manage the care of relatives with dementia. Research Design and Methods The study was grounded in the Andersen Behavioral Model, supplemented with culturally-relevant variables. Family caregivers from rural Appalachian counties in Virginia caring for community-dwelling relatives with dementia participated in a structured phone interview (N = 163). Generalized structural equation models were estimated, with predisposing, need, and enabling variables as predictors. Use of support services (e.g., meal delivery) and personal services (e.g., home health nurse) by family caregivers to care for the person with dementia were the dependent variables, and caregiver’s rural community identity and attitude toward services were moderators. Results Approximately half the sample utilized at least one support service and one personal service. Predisposing and need factors predicted the use of support services, whereas predisposing, need, and enabling factors predicted personal services. Caregivers who strongly identified with their cultural roots were less likely to use personal services unless they held a generally positive view of formal services. Discussion and Implications Although the extent of needs and the caregiver's economic situation were essential influences on formal service utilization, the main drivers were the caregiver's identification with rural Appalachian culture and attitude toward services. Findings point to within-group heterogeneity that requires differential approaches to delivery of community-based services accounting for varying attitudes, preferences, and family resources.

Service Robots: A Systematic Literature Review

A service robot performs various professional services and domestic/personal services useful for organizations and humans in many application domains. Currently, the service robot industry is growing rapidly along with the technological advances of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In light of the great interest and potential of service robots, this study conducts a systematic review of the past and current research in service robots. This study examines the development activities for service robots across applications and industries and categorizes the service robots into four types The categorization provides us with insights into the unique research activities and practices in each category of service robots. Then, this study analyzes the technological foundation that applies to all four categories of service robots. Finally, this study discusses opportunities and challenges that are understudied but potentially important for the future research of service robots.

Experts of the streets: The thoughts of experts by experience with a history of crime and substance abuse on working as a team with professionals

Expertise by experience has become increasingly significant in the various fields of social work. This study examines narratives told by experts by experience who have undergone an educational expert-by-experience program for people with a history of crime and substance abuse, with the main focus on the participants’ accounts of their expertise and how it is created when working as a team with a professional. The stories create an image of the expert by experience as an agent who is both an interpreter and an advocate advancing the mutual understanding between the client and the professional as well as someone who promotes the client’s status within the service system. However, the experts’ dual role makes it difficult for them to fully recognize their status and roles in the professional organizations. All in all, the study shows that expertise by experience has much use in social and personal services, including probation.

Community Perceptions in the Management of Birth Certificates and Death Certificates in the Department of Population and Civil Registry of West Aceh Regency

This study aims to determine how public perceptions are and the factors that influence community perceptions in the service of obtaining birth certificates and death certificates at the Department of Population and Civil Registry of West Aceh Regency. The method used in this research is quantitative with data sources from 81 respondents who administer birth certificates and death certificates directly at Disdukcapil and the analysis technique used is correlation testing. The results of the study were carried out by testing the correlation between perceptual indicators and service indicators, it was known from the 9 tested service indicators, which obtained a correlation only on education indicators with personal service indicators which had test results of -0.270> 0.181 with a sig value of 0.015 and other supporting attributes. with age has a test result of 0.211> 0.181 with a sig value of 0.059. Disdukcapil in community service is good, provides comfort for the community, services are quite friendly and polite in providing, officers are responsible for receiving and solving problems from the community, getting convenience in administering birth and death certificates. So that it can be said that the factors that influence the service for obtaining birth certificates and death certificates are education for personal services and age for other supporting attributes.

The costs of keeping schools open during the COVID-19 pandemic

There is a trade-off between restrictions on the education sector and other economic sectors in the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here we integrate a dynamic model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with a 63-sector economic model reflecting sectoral heterogeneity in transmission and economic interdependence between sectors. We identify control strategies which optimize economic production while keeping schools and universities operational, and constraining infections such that emergency hospital capacity is not exceeded. We estimate an economic gain of between £163bn (24%) and £205bn (31%) for the United Kingdom compared to a blanket lockdown of non-essential activities over six months, depending on hospital capacity. Sectors identified as priorities for closures are contact-intensive, produce few crucial inputs for other sectors and/or are less economically productive. Partial closures over some months are required for retail trade, hospitality, accommodation, creative activities, arts, entertainment, and personal services including hairdressing and beauty treatments under most scenarios.

Panama faces major fiscal and external challenges

Significance Partial or complete lockdowns are taking a heavy toll on activity, with a pronounced impact on construction (down 70.5%), manufacturing (down 29.5%), hotels and restaurants (down 75.4%) and other personal services. Government services and private health services registered a positive performance (5.2%) during the third quarter but were unable to offset the collapse in the second. Impacts Cortizo’s popularity will continue to suffer next year due to his management of the pandemic and its economic consequences. Protests demanding additional government support will gain momentum in 2021 on the back of Panama’s well-organised labour unions. Vaccine rollouts will boost hopes of recovery, but they will face challenges both logistically and in terms of uptake.