Considering intergroup humiliation as a risk factor for conflict and violence relapse and for post-conflict mental health problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
Nuwan Jayawickreme ◽  
Brittney Vargas-Estrella ◽  
Justin J. Lacasse ◽  
Eranda Jayawickreme
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Post Conflict

scholarly journals PTSD as a consequence of past conflict experience, recent exposure to violence and economic marginalization in post-conflict contexts: A study from Nepal, Guatemala and Northern Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-495
Author(s):  
Arne H Eide ◽  
Karin Dyrstad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Economic Marginalization ◽  
Current Risk

Background: Exposure to war and conflict increases the risk of mental health problems. Poor living conditions are known to negatively impact mental health. Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that exposure to negative events after armed conflict interacts with past negative experiences, socioeconomic factors and current mental health problems. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in three contexts of previous internal armed conflict: Nepal, Guatemala and Northern Ireland. Three nationally representative samples were drawn, comprising a net sample of 3,229 respondents. Results: Both recent negative events and past negative events linked to the previous conflicts were found to be associated with elevated risk of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD). Economic marginalization and urban residency also contributed to current risk of PTSD. Conclusions: The results support the study hypothesis that both past and recent negative events in combination with economic marginalization contribute to explain current risk of PTSD. It is necessary both to improve living conditions more broadly and to establish and develop health services that have the capacity to screen, prevent and treat mental health problems also in poor contexts, in particular against a background of previous armed conflict.

Associations of childhood emotional and physical neglect with mental health and substance use in young adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110256
Author(s):  
Lucinda Rachel Grummitt ◽  
Erin Veronica Kelly ◽  
Emma Louise Barrett ◽  
Siobhan Lawler ◽  
Katrina Prior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Physical Neglect

Background: Childhood neglect is a risk factor for subsequent mental health problems. However, research on the unique contribution of emotional and physical subtypes of neglect is lacking. Importantly, if emotional and physical neglect have different impacts on mental health, they must be examined separately to understand how to prevent and treat their effects. Objective: This study aimed to examine associations of emotional and physical neglect with depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol and drug use in 18- to 20-year-olds. Methods: Participants ( N = 569, mean age = 18.9, 70% female) responded in an online survey to questions on childhood emotional and physical neglect, childhood abuse, symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and alcohol and drug use and problems. Procedures were approved by the University of Sydney Human Ethics Committee. Hierarchical linear regressions were performed, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and other adverse childhood experiences. Results: Combined neglect was associated with depression ( B = 2.895, p < 0.001), anxiety ( B = 1.572, p = 0.003) and stress ( B = 1.781, p = 0.001). However, a second model entering emotional and physical neglect as separate exposures revealed emotional neglect was driving this association with depression ( B = 2.884, p < 0.001), anxiety ( B = 1.627, p = 0.001) and stress ( B = 1.776, p = 0.001), and that physical neglect was not associated with any outcome. Neither emotional nor physical neglect were associated with alcohol or drug use. Conclusion: Emotional neglect is a risk factor for mental health problems in early adulthood. Research that combines emotional and physical neglect into a single exposure may be obscuring relationships with mental health. Mental health prevention and treatment must screen for, and address, emotional neglect.

scholarly journals Stigma creating stigma: a vicious circle

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokratis Dinos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Minority Ethnic

SummaryDespite anti-stigma campaigns in the UK in recent years, the experiences of people with mental health problems indicate that stigma is still a major problem. The stigma of being a member of a socially excluded group, based on socioeconomic, personal or cultural/ethnic characteristics, should be considered alongside the stigma of mental illness. Membership of a stigmatised group (not based on mental illness) is often itself a risk factor for developing mental health problems. This article discusses the experiences of people from Black and minority ethnic and lesbian, gay and bisexual groups to explore how stigma can create more stigma.

scholarly journals The effect of intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety and depression, and their symptom networks, during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L Andrews ◽  
Meiwei Li ◽  
Savannah Minihan ◽  
Annabel Songco ◽  
Elaine Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Over Time

Individuals vary in their ability to tolerate uncertainty. High intolerance of uncertainty is a known risk factor for mental health problems. In the current study we examined the degree to which intolerance of uncertainty predicted depression and anxiety symptoms and their interrelations across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined these associations across three time points (May 2020 – April 2021) in an international sample of adults (N = 2087, Mean age = 41.13) from three countries (UK, USA, Australia) with varying degrees of COVID-19 risk. We found that individuals with high and moderate levels of intolerance of uncertainty reported reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms over time. However, symptom levels remained significantly elevated compared to individuals with low intolerance of uncertainty. Individuals with low intolerance of uncertainty had low and stable levels of depression and anxiety across the course of the study. Network analyses further revealed that the relationships between depression and anxiety symptoms became stronger over time among individuals with high intolerance of uncertainty and identified that feeling afraid showed the strongest association with intolerance of uncertainty. Our findings are consistent with previous work identifying intolerance of uncertainty as an important risk factor for mental health problems, especially in times marked by actual health, economic and social uncertainty. The results highlight the need to explore ways to foster resilience among individuals who struggle to tolerate uncertainty, as ongoing and future geopolitical, climate and health threats will likely lead to continued exposure to significant uncertainty.

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