Pollution Patterns in the Industrialization Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-246
Author(s):  
Richard M. Auty ◽  
Michael Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Industrialization Process

Industrial disability in the Japanese railways business: the activity of Testudō Kōsaikai, 1931–1955

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Toshitaka Nagahiro
Keyword(s):  
Job Training ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Railroad Industry ◽  
Lower Member ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
Industrialization Process

Abstract The industrialization process generated many disabilities. However, the historical study of industrial disability has not progressed. This study examines disability welfare in the Japanese railroad industry. In particular, Testudō Kōsaikai, an organization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) established in 1931, was uniquely devoted to welfare activities by linking a profit-making business and the provision of welfare. To cover welfare costs, such as providing workshops for disabled people, Kōsaikai conducted profit-making businesses, such as sales at station stalls. However, the welfare of disabled people in the JNR, including the activities of Kōsaikai, has not been previously examined. This study clarified the structure of disability welfare in the Japanese railroad industry until the early postwar period. People with a lower degree of disability, such as one upper or lower member amputation, were employed by the JNR, while some of these people were employed by Kōsaikai as sellers or officers, or accepted job training in Kōsaikai workshops. On the contrary, although few people with higher degrees of disability were employed by the JNR and Kōsaikai, the latter employed their family members to compensate them for their living costs.

scholarly journals Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzhen Ren ◽  
Pengqing Bi ◽  
Jianqi Zhang ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Jingwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stable Conformation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Aggregation Effect ◽  
Industrialization Process

Abstract Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC71BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.

scholarly journals Polytechnics as Institutions for Intraregional Collaboration for Skills Development in Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
Kutsanedzie F. ◽  
Mensah E. .
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Training ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
Applied Social Science ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Graduate Unemployment

The Polytechnics in Ghana were established and given the mandate enshrined in the Constitution of Ghana under the Act of Parliament of the Republic of Ghana (Act 745) to train students in the fields of Science, Technology, Applied Social Science and Applied Art to serve the middle-manpower management needs of the country. In addition, the polytechnics are to provide skills development, conduct and publish industry driven research findings. Polytechnic graduate are expected by employers and captains of industry to be more practical-skilled and biased by virtue of their training. However, over the years, it appears the polytechnic graduate training is becoming more of theoretical rather than what was initially intended. Commentaries of stakeholders reveal that the polytechnics are gradually losing their focus vis-à-vis the practical training of students as they are fast comparing themselves to the universities. This paper uses observation of the polytechnics educational system, interviews with stakeholders and other secondary data as the bases to critically examine and identify the conditions that hamper the practical training of the polytechnic students – practical content of syllabi; teacher – student ratio in the face of high student intake; qualification of lecturers in terms of practical training. It thus recommends ways by which the polytechnics can improve upon the practical training of its student via mobilizing and utilizing its resources to create industries to facilitate the training of its students as well as reducing graduate unemployment. This thus will serve as lynch-pin to drive the country’s industrialization process.

scholarly journals Os novos conteúdos da regionalização: lugares modernizados e lugares letárgicos no planalto nordpatagónico argentino

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (58) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Breeding Techniques

MODERN AND LETHARGIC PLACES IN THE NORTHPATAGONIC PLATEAU - The southern region, an area of the northpatagonic plateau (Rio Negro, Argentina) is a vast sheep breeding region. Sheep breeding and agriculture were introduced at the end of the last century in an attempt to enlarge the production of argentinean beef, cereals and wool.Since the 1940s the industrialization process has been changing many areas of the country, but the northpatagonic region continued to export basic wool (without any kind of industrial transformation).However, since the 1980s selective modernization has begun to reach the large isolated farms, helping to improve ties with distant places. This modernization has resulted in new modern breeding techniques and in the use of skilled labour. This modernization programme of change has come from both international and national centers of decision and research, and also from a few technically specialised provincial centres.The modernization process has been confined to the larger farms and has improved "vertival" relations, which have lead to skilled labour moving into the region.On the other hand, the lathargic places are not reached by the technical and scientific modernization, although information about the new consumer's patterns is received; as a result there is an increase of the population exodus to the larger modern urban centres of the province. Nowadays, the region comprises a network of modern progressive centres, as well as a mosaic of lethargic towns and rural areas.

A Novel Multicriteria Model Applied to Cashew Chestnut Industrialization Process

2009 ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Tamanini ◽  
Ana Lisse Carvalho ◽  
Ana Karoline Castro ◽  
Plácido Rogério Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Industrialization Process ◽  
Multicriteria Model

Study on Cultural Commercialization and Public Consumption

2012 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Yuhong Li ◽  
Jingyuan Zhao ◽  
Han Weixi
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Commodity Culture ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
Consumption Demand ◽  
Chinese Public

This paper demonstrates the commercializing trend and phenomenon of the contemporary culture, arguing that as an intangible commodity, culture has special and limited commercialization that it’s only a superficial homogeneity brought by cultural commercialization. Cultural commercialization is the release of cultural intensity and connotation. This paper illustrates the industrialization process of Chinese culture, probes into the cultural consumption demand and structure in contemporary China, and analyzes the cultural consumption phenomenon of the Chinese public. This paper draws a conclusion on the destined cultural commercialization and the development trend of cultural consumption in China.

Uneven Economic Crisis, Industrial Restructuring, and the Politics of Development in a Post-Nationalist Era

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Glassman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Industrialization Process

Up until 1996, the interpretation of Thailand as something at least akin to an economic ‘miracle’ was hegemonic, and the analysis offered here has not so much attempted to challenge this interpretation on its own terms as to offer an alternative interpretation that recognizes why Thailand’s rapid industrialization process can be considered simultaneously a success in capitalist terms and a highly troubled process from other perspectives. The economic events that began in 1996, however, have considerably tarnished the mainstream image of Thailand as a ‘new little dragon’ and have called into question the notion that Thailand’s development has been an unquestionable capitalist success story. The framework I have presented for analysing Thailand’s uneven and contradictory success story can also be used to analyse the dynamics that are at work in the recent bout of economic bust, partial recovery, and post-crisis political manoeuvring. In this chapter, then, I round out the discussion of Thailand’s uneven industrial transformation and the role of the Thai state in this process by suggesting how the dialectically conceived internationalization processes discussed earlier might help to explain the nature of the contemporary economic crisis and the economic challenges that lie ahead. More specifically, I offer here an alternative to the dominant explanations of the Thai economic crisis, which have tended to focus narrowly either on corruption and lack of transparency in the functioning of Thai institutions (the dominant line of analysis emanating from the West and neo-liberals) or on international forces beyond the control of the Thai state, such as currency traders and IMF measures (a prominent line of analysis in much of Southeast Asia and among neo-Weberians). While these lines of analysis vary in where they place the blame for the Thai crisis, they share the view that the crisis is primarily financial and does not reflect deep, underlying structural problems in either the Thai pattern of industrial growth or the place of small industrial exporting countries in the global economy. The analysis I offer here differs from both types of views on a number of counts.

Industrialization and Profit-Rate Analysis in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-456
Author(s):  
Fachru Nofrian
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Profit Rate ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rate Fluctuation ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
Production Pattern

This work looks at the contribution of profit-rate analysis to explain the industrialization process in economics. Using Indonesia for empirical study, we observe a link between the profit rate and international industrialization strategy. Elements of profit rate are discussed, including profit share, labor coefficient, and capital productivity. Elements of the industrialization process are also examined; specifically, gross import substitution, domestic supply growth, and ratio of import substitution. New period categorizations are made, demonstrating changes in the long run. We argue that profit-rate fluctuation has served to explain the success or failure of the industrialization process. This paper identifies two dimensions to this process. First, it argues that industrialization is achieved if the domestic market is established as indicated by a higher profit rate in the period when import substitution is high. Second, the establishment of a home market can occur by adopting the import substitution strategy, including output, investment, and labor. The adoption of import substitution can tackle the sectoral analysis of industrialization because it assumes the formation of a production pattern in domestic economy. JEL Classification: E220, E230, E240, E310, O110, O140

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