Siting, disassaying and exfilling of the Mamão Dam in Ecuador/RN

Over four decades, there has been silting process of the riverbed that flows into the Mamão Dam, which supplies the water needs of the city of Ecuador-RN. This process has been taking place, caused largely by the receipt of mining tailings upstream of the reservoir. Thus, it became necessary the dredging consisting of removing the debris build-up and the bed debris and the riverbanks, offering a free flow to the waters that are intended for, and the excavation of the waste particles and accumulated sediment in the bed reservoir. For this, it was necessary; there were the necessary techniques for the conservation and proper maintenance so that did not occur obstruction of alluvial channel this spring. The work consisted of advice to the Municipality of the City of Ecuador, state of Rio Grande do Norte, where it made a technical feasibility study to recover the amount of previously existing water in the weir, were recovered to meet the population's consumption demand city and county. The study was conducted in 2013 and thus met the revitalization process and also the awareness of miners and miners, as the appropriate place for deposit of tailings stemmed these activities.

The Trade-Offs between Supply and Demand Dynamics of Ecosystem Services in the Bay Areas of Metropolitan Regions: A Case Study in Quanzhou, China

Bay areas are endowed with unique sea and land resources, location advantages, and high environmental carrying capacities. The rapid urbanization process has intensified the demand for limited natural resources, leading to a series of problems in coastal zones such as land use conflicts and the degradation of ecosystem services. Taking Quanzhou, a bay city in a metropolitan region, as an example, this paper established an accounting model of ecosystem services supply and consumption demand based on multisource data (meteorological site data, land use data and statistical data). We estimated the supply capacity and consumption demand of provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services in Quanzhou from 2005 to 2015. In addition, the supply and demand of ecosystem services were simulated for 2030 under different scenarios. The results showed that the supply capacity of ecosystem services in Quanzhou was greater than the demand in general, but the supply-demand difference showed a gradual decrease. The high-value areas of supply capacity were concentrated in the upstream basin in the non-bay area, while the high-value areas of consumption demand were located downstream of the river basin in the bay area. The supply-demand difference in the bay area was negative, indicating that it was in a state of supply-demand imbalance and that the ecological security was under threat. Among the three simulated scenarios in 2030, the balance between supply and demand declined compared with the results of 2015, with the most serious decline in the natural scenario. The method to quantify the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns in supply and demand of ecosystem services could provide a decision-making reference for natural resource management in Quanzhou. This is conducive to the improvement and establishment of urban ecological security research systems, especially in bay areas that are lacking research.

Showcasing green: how culture influences sustainable behavior in food eco-labeling

PurposeThe aim of this study is to verify, through Hofstede's 6-D model, the impact of national culture on the implementation of eco-labeling activities on the supplier side, in order to provide consumers information about the sustainable behavior adopted by firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested the impact of culture dimensions through an econometric model, on a sample composed by several countries of the world, in which at least a food certification is in force.FindingsInteresting results have been obtained and discussed, proving the existence of a relationship between culture and corporate sustainability showcasing. Cultural heritage has a deep influence on sustainable consumption demand. Firms need to put more effort to showcase their green behavior. Economic indicators have a role in fostering sustainable behavior.Originality/valueFood labeling is little explored, despite its growing importance for consumers. This research is a window in green marketing issues, specifically in global branding strategies.

Analisis Elastisitas Pendapatan Rumah Tangga di Indonesia

Demand for food products is inevitable, this condition is related to food products as a staple food for the sustainability of human life. In Indonesia, the demand for food depends very much on the needs of the people. The purpose of this study is to analyze food demand in Indonesia which is divided into 4 categories of regions: rich cities, poor cities, rich villages, and poor villages need through research that can be obtained about getting assistance in accordance with the consumption demand of people in Indonesia. The research method used secondary data with panel data types obtained from SUSENAS data. The analytical method used to estimate the demand system was through econometrics demand, namely the QUAIDS model and then the data were processed using the SAS program. The results showed a comparison of the total number of households allocated specifically for food if sorted out, namely poor villages were higher then followed by poor cities, rich cities, and rich villages. When there is a change in income, poor rural households and poor cities when the public still responds by allocating a large part of their budgets to very basic trade such as other food and tobacco, rice, other oils, and household fats in rich villages and rich cities provide more responses to allocating their incomes to the trade in meat, fruits, vegetables, fish, eggs, milk, and processed foods. Keywords: Quadaric Almost Ideal System, income elasticity, consumption, demand food

Tree Conservation Challenges among the Indigenous Pastoral Rendille Community in Marsabit, Kenya

Every environment is surrounded by traditional people who have lived in the geographic location for a long time and use their particular knowledge to cohabit with the natural ecosystem. This study assessed challenges encountered towards tree conservation by the Rendille pastoral community in Kenya. Selected tree species; Olea europaea, Terminalia sp. and Hyphaene compressa, that are commonly used by the community were identified and the probable threats towards their conservation. Some of these tree conservation challenges by the indigenous Rendille were: charcoal burning and fuel wood consumption, demand of traditional tree medicinal value, climate variability extremes and demand for land for settlement by the community. The results indicate that, charcoal burning (84.4%) and demand for traditional tree medicine (77.3%) were leading causes frustrating tree conservation among the Rendille. To mitigate these challenges, the respondents indicated that, creation of awareness (89.1%) and promotion of other sources of fuel (78.9%) could be vital factors. The study recommends Integration of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) with formal education to enhance conservation of the mentioned tree species.

Factors and conditions of transformation of the world oil market

The article analyzes the global oil market, determines what factors and conditions affect its transformation. The situation in the oil market is developing in such a way that the price is the main indicator in the transformation of the world oil market. The article focuses on global oil production and global oil consumption, which are dependent on the price environment. That is, the conjectural factor that is most well-known in the development of the oil market and is associated with changes in world production (supply), consumption (demand), which dictates price offers. At the same time, there are significant price fluctuations and caused by other factors that affect the transformation of the world oil market, such as: economic factors, geopolitical factors, as well as technological factors.The purpose of the article is to determine the transformational factors of the world oil market in the conditions of shock conditions that occurred in the conditions of price “collapses” in the market, leading to sharp and significant changes in the entire world economic system.Methodological tools of scientific articles are based on an integrated approach of analysis of the world oil market based on scientific research methods, which include methods of system approach, comparative analysis, synthesis, empirical research - systematization, economic and statistical groups, as well as historical-logical method.

An Input–Output Ex Ante Regional Model to Assess the Short-Term Net Effects of the 16 April 2016 Earthquake in Ecuador

The 16 April 2016 earthquake in Ecuador exposed the significant weaknesses concerning the methodological designs to compute—from an economic standpoint—the consequences of a natural hazard-related disaster for productive exchanges and the accumulation of capital in Ecuador. This study addressed one of these challenges with an innovative ex ante model to measure the partial and net short-term effects of a natural hazard-related catastrophe from an interregional perspective, with the 16 April 2016 earthquake serving as a case study. In general, the specified and estimated model follows the approach of the extended Miyazawa model, which endogenizes consumption demand in a standard input–output model with the subnational interrelations and resulting multipliers. Due to the country’s limitations in its regional account records the input–output matrices for each province of Ecuador had to be estimated, which then allowed transactions carried out between any two sectors within or outside a given province to be identified by means of the RAS method. The estimations provide evidence that the net short-term impact on the national accounts was not significant, and under some of the simulated scenarios, based on the official information with respect to earthquake management, the impact may even have had a positive effect on the growth of the national product during 2016.