Comparing the EU and NAFTA Environmental Policies: Comparative Institutional Analysis and Case Studies

2017 ◽  
pp. 109-133
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Jozwiak ◽  
Patrick M. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Comparative Institutional Analysis ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Circular Area Design or Circular Area Functioning? A Discourse-Institutional Analysis of Circular Area Developments in Amsterdam and Utrecht, The Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Van den Berghe ◽  
Martijn Vos
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Circular Area ◽  
Spatial Policy ◽  
The Eu

The hypothesis of this paper is that the circular economy (CE) has the potential to (re)balance the conflict within urban spatial planning between ‘place as a location’ and the ‘organization of space’. The former dominates the latter following a shift from a Fordist towards a finance and real-estate driven regime. A consequence is that existing manufacturing areas are increasingly transformed into residential and commercial areas. However, this conflicts with the rationale of CE, namely that to end the linear economy, externalized activities, such as the (re)manufacturing of waste, should be internalized again, especially within urban regions. Emphasized by the EU, The Netherlands have the ambition to become fully circular in 2050. To test our hypothesis, we focus on two ongoing circular area developments in Amsterdam and Utrecht. By performing a discourse-institutional analysis, we detect in both case studies a change in discourse towards CE. Our results show that in contrast to our hypothesis, the concept of circularity is not emphasizing the ‘organization of space’, but even accelerating ‘space as a location’, increasingly transforming urban industrial areas into circular built residential and commercial areas. We conclude with spatial policy recommendations regarding the ambitions of a future CE.

Discovering Passive Virtues

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-196
Author(s):  
Jan Zglinski
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
European Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
Margin Of Appreciation ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
Comparative Institutional Analysis ◽  
Worrying Trend ◽  
The Eu

This chapter provides a normative evaluation of the use of deference in free movement law. It pursues the question as to whether the European Court of Justice's increasing withdrawal from exercising substantive scrutiny over national laws is a welcome or worrying trend. The issue touches upon some fundamental questions of EU constitutional law. Since the Treaty of Maastricht, the EU has embraced a number of conflicting constitutional goals. They concern the place of democratic governance, the question of federalism, and the uniformity of European law. The margin of appreciation and decentralized judicial review stand in the crossfire of these developments, which makes delineating an appropriate scope for the two doctrines challenging. The chapter proposes a solution based on the ideas of representation and expertise, which reconciles the fundamental constitutional commitments of the EU with insights from comparative institutional analysis.

scholarly journals Potential Benefits and Constraints of Development of Critical Raw Materials’ Production in the EU: Analysis of Selected Case Studies

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Guzik ◽  
Krzysztof Galos ◽  
Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska ◽  
Toni Eerola ◽  
Pasi Eilu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Major benefits and constraints related to mineral extraction within the EU have been identified on the examples of selected critical raw materials’ deposits. Analyzed case studies include the following ore deposits: Myszków Mo-W-Cu (Poland), Juomasuo Au-Co (Finland), S. Pedro das Águias W-Sn (Portugal), Penouta Nb-Ta-Sn (Spain), Norra Kärr REEs (Sweden) and Trælen graphite (Norway). They represent different stages of development, from the early/grassroot exploration stage, through advanced exploration and active mining, up to reopening of abandoned mines, and refer to different problems and constraints related to the possibility of exploitation commencement. The multi-criteria analysis of the cases has included geological and economic factors as well as environmental, land use, social acceptance and infrastructure factors. These factors, in terms of cost and benefit analysis, have been considered at three levels: local, country and EU levels. The analyzed cases indicated the major obstacles that occur in different stages of deposit development and need to be overcome in order to enable a new deposit exploitation commencement. These are environmental (Juomasuo and Myszków), spatial (Juomasuo) as well as social constraints (Norra Kärr, Juomasuo). In the analyzed cases, the most important constraints related to future deposit extraction occur primarily at a local level, while some important benefits are identified mainly at the country and the EU levels. These major benefits are related to securing long-term supplies for the national industries and strategically important EU industry sectors.

scholarly journals Can Indicators Bridge the Gap between Science and Policy? An Exploration into the (Non)Use and (Non)Influence of Indicators in EU and UK Policy Making

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Sébastien ◽  
Tom Bauler ◽  
Markku Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Energy Indicators ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Evidence For Policy ◽  
The Eu

This article examines the various roles that indicators, as boundary objects, can play as a science-based evidence for policy processes. It presents two case studies from the EU-funded POINT project that analyzed the use and influence of two highly different types of indicators: composite indicators of sustainable development at the EU level and energy indicators in the UK. In both cases indicators failed as direct input to policy making, yet they generated various types of conceptual and political use and influence. The composite sustainable development indicators served as “framework indicators”, helping to advocate a specific vision of sustainable development, whereas the energy indicators produced various types of indirect influence, including through the process of indicator elaboration. Our case studies demonstrate the relatively limited importance of the characteristics and quality of indicators in determining the role of indicators, as compared with the crucial importance of “user factors” (characteristics of policy actors) and “policy factors” (policy context).

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