Fuzzy-Trace Theory and False Memory: Memory Theory in the Courtroom

2000 ◽  
pp. 102-135
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Memory Theory ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory

scholarly journals Fuzzy-Trace Theory, False Memory, and the Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Brainerd ◽  
Valerie F. Reyna
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Child Witnesses ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽  
Rules Of Evidence ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Simple Change ◽  
The Law ◽  
Eyewitness Identifications

Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) provides well-researched scientific principles that explain worrisome forms of false memory in the law. False memories are of great legal concern because memory reports are frequently the evidence that determines guilt/innocence and are sometimes the only evidence that crimes have been committed. FTT’s principles reveal errors in commonsense theories that jurors use to judge the credibility of witnesses’ memory reports. This science versus commonsense disconnect is salient in cases involving child witnesses, eyewitness identifications, and confessions. The consequences of this disconnect for justice could be ameliorated by a simple change in federal rules of evidence.

Fuzzy-Trace Theory and False Memory

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Brainerd ◽  
V.F. Reyna
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Developmental Level ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Legal Consequences

A key problem confronting theories of false memory is that false-memory phenomena are so diverse: Some are characteristic of controlled laboratory tasks, others of everyday life; some occur for traumatic events with legal consequences, others for innocuous events; some are characteristic of one developmental level, others of another developmental level. Fuzzy-trace theory explains false memories via a small set of principles that implement a single representational distinction. Those principles generate new predictions, some of which are counterintuitive.

Short-term false memories vary as a function of list type

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2726-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M McBride ◽  
Jennifer H Coane ◽  
Shuofeng Xu ◽  
Yi Feng ◽  
Zhichun Yu
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Type Experiment ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory

False memories have primarily been investigated at long-term delays in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) procedure, but a few studies have reported meaning-based false memories at delays as short as 1–4 s. The current study further investigated the processes that contribute to short-term false memories with semantic and phonological lists (Experiment 1) and hybrid lists containing items of each type (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, more false memories were found for phonological than for semantic lists. In Experiment 2, an asymmetrical hyper-additive effect was found such that including one or two phonological associates in pure semantic lists yielded a robust increase in false alarms, whereas including semantic associates in pure phonological lists did not affect false alarms. These results are more consistent with the activation–monitoring account of false memory creation than with fuzzy trace theory that has not typically been referenced when describing phonological false memories.

Fuzzy-Trace Theory and False Memory: New Frontiers

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie F. Reyna ◽  
C.J. Brainerd
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory

Are Children's False Memories More Persistent than their True Memories?

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Brainerd ◽  
V.F. Reyna ◽  
E. Brandse
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽  
Over Time

Fuzzy-trace theory predicts that children's false-memory responses will be well preserved over time, and that under specific conditions, they will be less likely to be forgotten than true-memory responses The reason is that initial true-memory responses are supported by unstable verbatim traces, whereas initial false-memory responses are supported by stable gist Data consistent with these predictions were obtained in three experiments with 5- and 8-year-olds

Abstraction: An alternative neurocognitive account of recognition, prediction, and decision making

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie F. Reyna ◽  
David A. Broniatowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽  
Abstract Representations ◽  
Technical Systems

Abstract Gilead et al. offer a thoughtful and much-needed treatment of abstraction. However, it fails to build on an extensive literature on abstraction, representational diversity, neurocognition, and psychopathology that provides important constraints and alternative evidence-based conceptions. We draw on conceptions in software engineering, socio-technical systems engineering, and a neurocognitive theory with abstract representations of gist at its core, fuzzy-trace theory.

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