scholarly journals Different damage observed in the villages of Pescara del Tronto and Vezzano after the M6.0 August 24, 2016 central Italy earthquake and site effects analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Masi ◽  
Giuseppe Santarsiero ◽  
Leonardo Chiauzzi ◽  
Maria Rosaria Gallipoli ◽  
Sabatino Piscitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Effects ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Light Damage ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Heavy Damage ◽  
Different Levels

<p>The authors have surveyed many damaged villages located at the epicentre of the ML=6.0 earthquake which occurred on August 24, 2016 in central Italy. Some unexpected anomalies were discovered such as very different levels of damage in Vezzano and Pescara del Tronto villages (Arquata del Tronto Municipality, Ascoli Piceno province). The two villages are situated just 1300 meters from each other. Pescara del Tronto suffered very heavy damage with many masonry building collapses and 48 fatalities, while Vezzano suffered only light damage to few buildings. This paper provides a preliminar analysis from an engineering and geophysics perspective. Particularly, rapid visual surveys were carried out in the two villages in order to detect possible significant differences in the vulnerability of their building stocks and site geophysical investigations were performed to detect possible local amplification effects.</p>

scholarly journals Near-Source Simulation of Strong Ground Motion in Amatrice Downtown Including Site Effects

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Alessandro Todrani ◽  
Giovanna Cultrera
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Standard Spectral Ratio ◽  
Heavy Damage ◽  
Strong Ground

On 24 August 2016, a Mw 6.0 earthquake started a damaging seismic sequence in central Italy. The historical center of Amatrice village reached the XI degree (MCS scale) but the high vulnerability alone could not explain the heavy damage. Unfortunately, at the time of the earthquake only AMT station, 200 m away from the downtown, recorded the mainshock, whereas tens of temporary stations were installed afterwards. We propose a method to simulate the ground motion affecting Amatrice, using the FFT amplitude recorded at AMT, which has been modified by the standard spectral ratio (SSR) computed at 14 seismic stations in downtown. We tested the procedure by comparing simulations and recordings of two later mainshocks (Mw 5.9 and Mw 6.5), underlining advantages and limits of the technique. The strong motion variability of simulations was related to the proximity of the seismic source, accounted for by the ground motion at AMT, and to the peculiar site effects, described by the transfer function at the sites. The largest amplification characterized the stations close to the NE hill edge and produced simulated values of intensity measures clearly above one standard deviation of the GMM expected for Italy, up to 1.6 g for PGA.

Site effects and damage scenarios: The case study of two historic centers following the 2016 Central Italy earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 105647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Brando ◽  
Alessandro Pagliaroli ◽  
Giulia Cocco ◽  
Francesco Di Buccio
Keyword(s):  
Site Effects ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake

scholarly journals Local Site Effects and Incremental Damage of Buildings during the 2016 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1639-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Sextos ◽  
Raffaele De Risi ◽  
Alessandro Pagliaroli ◽  
Sebastiano Foti ◽  
Federico Passeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Effects ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Topographic Effects ◽  
Local Site Effects ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Sequence Of Events

The Central Italy earthquake sequence initiated on 24 August 2016 with a moment magnitude M6.1 event, followed by two earthquakes (M5.9 and M6.5) on 26 and 30 October, caused significant damage and loss of life in the town of Amatrice and other nearby villages and hamlets. The significance of this sequence led to a major international reconnaissance effort to thoroughly examine the effects of this disaster. Specifically, this paper presents evidences of strong local site effects (i.e., amplification of seismic waves because of stratigraphic and topographic effects that leads to damage concentration in certain areas). It also examines the damage patterns observed along the entire sequence of events in association with the spatial distribution of ground motion intensity with emphasis on the clearly distinct performance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures under multiple excitations. The paper concludes with a critical assessment of past retrofit measures efficiency and a series of lessons learned as per the behavior of structures to a sequence of strong earthquake events.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of the seismic response and soil–structure interaction for a monitored masonry school building damaged by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brunelli ◽  
F. de Silva ◽  
A. Piro ◽  
F. Parisi ◽  
S. Sica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
School Building ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake

AbstractDespite significant research advances on the seismic response analysis, there is still an urgent need for validation of numerical simulation methods for prediction of earthquake response and damage. In this respect, seismic monitoring networks and proper modelling can further support validation studies, allowing more realistic simulations of what earthquakes can produce. This paper discusses the seismic response of the “Pietro Capuzi” school in Visso, a village located in the Marche region (Italy) that was severely damaged by the 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence. The school was a two-story masonry structure founded on simple enlargements of its load-bearing walls, partially embedded in the alluvial loose soils of the Nera river. The structure was monitored as a strategic building by the Italian Seismic Observatory of Structures (OSS), which provided acceleration records under both ambient noise and the three mainshocks of the seismic sequence. The evolution of the damage pattern following each one of the three mainshocks was provided by on-site survey integrated by OSS data. Data on the dynamic soil properties was available from the seismic microzonation study of the Visso village and proved useful in the development of a reliable geotechnical model of the subsoil. The equivalent frame (EF) approach was adopted to simulate the nonlinear response of the school building through both fixed-base and compliant-base models, to assess the likely influence of soil–structure interaction on the building performance. The ambient noise records allowed for an accurate calibration of the soil–structure model. The seismic response of the masonry building to the whole sequence of the three mainshocks was then simulated by nonlinear time history analyses by using the horizontal accelerations recorded at the underground floor as input motions. Numerical results are validated against the evidence on structural response in terms of both incremental damage and global shear force–displacement relationships. The comparisons are satisfactory, corroborating the reliability of the compliant-base approach as applied to the EF model and its computational efficiency to simulate the soil–foundation–structure interaction in the case of masonry buildings.

scholarly journals On the reliability of the equivalent frame models: the case study of the permanently monitored Pizzoli’s town hall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Degli Abbati ◽  
Paolo Morandi ◽  
Serena Cattari ◽  
Enrico Spacone
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Ambient Vibration Tests ◽  
Equivalent Frame ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

AbstractThis paper presents the comparison of the results of modal and nonlinear analyses carried out on a 2-story masonry building with rigid diaphragms, inspired by the Pizzoli’s town hall (AQ, Italy). The case study is one of the Benchmark Structures (labeled BS6) in the “URM nonlinear modelling–Benchmark project” funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC) within the framework of the ReLUIS projects. The building has been instrumented since 2009 with a permanent monitoring system by the Osservatorio Sismico delle Strutture (OSS) of the DPC and was hit by the 2016/2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence. In the research first phase, modal and nonlinear static analyses were carried out in a blind prediction, without any preliminary calibration of the models, but referring only to commonly made assumptions on materials and modelling. Five computer programs based on the Equivalent Frame Model (EFM) approach were used. Four different structural configurations were considered: with weak spandrels (A), with tie rods coupled to spandrels (B), with RC ring beams coupled to spandrels (C) and with “shear type” idealization (D). In the research second phase, two of the developed EFMs were calibrated in the elastic range using the results of available Ambient Vibration Tests (AVTs). The models were then validated in the nonlinear range by simulating the dynamic response of the structure recorded during the mainshocks of the 2016/2017 Central Italy earthquake. Recorded and numerical results were compared at both the global and local scale.

Children of a Lesser Seismological God: The 1971 Tuscania (Central Italy) “Historical” Earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2563-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cucci ◽  
Andrea Tertulliani ◽  
Corrado Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Hypocentral Location ◽  
Heavy Damage ◽  
New Location

Abstract The 6 February 1971 Tuscania (central Italy) earthquake belongs to a peculiar family of destructive seismic events that have occurred in an area classified as low-seismic hazard, causing heavy damage and tens of casualties. However, this earthquake took place at the dawn of modern seismology in Italy and is far from being fully characterized from an instrumental and macroseismological point of view. This article aims at bridging the gap of information that affects that earthquake, through a twofold research path: (1) with an archival investigation looking for new available sources and with the use of the European Macroseismic Scale-98 (EMS-98) intensity scale, and (2) with the calculation of a more constrained hypocentral location. The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: the reappraisal of the earthquake in terms of EMS-98 provides a maximum intensity 8 in Tuscania (previously quoted 8–9 Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg [MCS] in the catalog), and a general decrease of intensity in many damaged localities. The new epicenter location is shifted almost 10 km southeast of the old one, at about 3 km depth. This new location is more robust than the previous one and is consistent with the general distribution of the most damaged localities; however, we cannot exclude that effects of directivity might have played a role in the peculiar pattern of damage caused by the event. Finally, we provide new values of magnitude (MD 4.9 and ML 5.1) that point to an upward scaling of the earthquake. The ultimate lesson of this work is that a deepening of the research can always provide room for an improvement of our knowledge even for significant earthquakes that have occurred relatively recently.

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