scholarly journals Expanding the network of highways and expressways in the post-socialist countries of the European Union in the years 2004–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Stanisław M. Koziarski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Central Position ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Highway Network

The aim of this article is to analyze the pace of expansion of the network of highways and expressways over the past 15 years of membership in the European Union. Joining the European Union by such post-socialist countries as: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia (2004), Bulgaria, Romania (2007) and Croatia (2013) as well as the funds received for the development of transport infrastructure significantly contributed to the boom in the pace of road investments in these countries. The existing networks of highways and expressways in the 11 analyzed countries are at the stage of creating major national and international connections. The most advanced expansion of the national highway system is taking place in Poland and Hungary. Stable development, with a slight annual growth of the length of new highways, is taking place in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Stagnation in the development of roads of this type is occurring in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Toll roads are operated in 8 out of 11 analyzed countries. The vignette system for highways is used in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania and Hungary. Toll is paid at tollbooths in Croatia and Poland. Most of the highways in Central Europe are concentrated around the capital agglomerations, e.g. Budapest, Prague, Bratislava, Ljubljana, Zagreb, Sofia and Bucharest, with the exception of Warsaw, which is slowly rebuilding its central position in the network of expressways (A-2, S-7, S-8, S-17) in Poland. The first sections of highways in the discussed countries, except for Poland, were located around the capital cities. The layout of the highway network is often determined by the orography of the terrain, especially the course of mountain ranges, great rivers and coasts. Due to the varied topography, costs are rising, and the construction time of engineering structures such as tunnels, overpasses and bridges is longer, with countries such as Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, and recently also the Czech Republic, Poland and Romania being forced to build them.

scholarly journals The Model of Degressive Taxation of Trucks: Case of the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Břetislav Andrlík ◽  
Michaela Podlasová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Principal Part ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
European Union Member States

Abstract The article examines issues related to the design of road tax as an instrument supporting the operation of trucks that are more environment-friendly to the transport infrastructure. The Introduction presents analyses of road taxation in the European Union Member States, whose aim was to identify features supporting trucks that are eco-friendly with regard to the infrastructure. The principal part of the contribution is the formulation of a regression model of road tax rates, which is subjected to statistical, econometric and economic verification in order to confirm or disprove degressivity of road tax rates for trucks. The economic verification is based on typical examples of vehicles defined in Annex 2 to the text. The Conclusion presents the results achieved, which verify the degressive nature of road tax in the Czech Republic. The tax rates are degressive in relation to the number of truck axles; therefore, a proposal for the elimination of degressivity in the system of tax rates for trucks was designed based on the principle of fair taxation, which is also discussed in the contribution.

scholarly journals The Fiscal Compact and the European Constitutions: ‘Europe Speaking German’

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
LB ◽  
JHR
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fiscal Compact

In between the writing of this editorial and the publication of this issue of EuConst, the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union, in everyday parlance the ‘Fiscal Compact’, will have been signed by the representatives of the governments of the contracting parties — the member states of the European Union minus the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic. The Fiscal Compact is intended to foster budgetary discipline, to strengthen the coordination of economic policies and to improve the governance of the euro area.

scholarly journals The economic conditions for the utilisation of the land fund in the Czech Republic after its accession to the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 452-454
Author(s):  
M. Hrabánková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Benefit

The important part of the increase of regional potential is the farming of the land fund. The economic conditions for its utilisation have been already prepared. They are based especially on the drawing of funds of the European Union, namely for the period after the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union and for the years 2007–2013. The measures concerning the land are included in the prepared programme documentation, especially in the Horizontal Rural Development Plan (HRDP) and in the Operational Programme “Agriculture”. The farmers will obtain the direct payment per area (SAPS) in addition to supports on foregoing measures. The requirements for environment-friendly farming of land will be increased in the future. The economic conditions for next period will concentrate on these priorities. It will concern the securing of public benefit contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas. The project assurance of these trends and their regional monitoring and evaluation will be important.

scholarly journals Entry Into the Common Market of the European Union in Terms of Czech Republic’s Foreign Trade with Dairy Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Zdráhal ◽  
Věra Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of the Czech foreign trade in milk and milk products and specify the typical features and consequences within its territorial and commodity structure using a specific system of indicators intended to show a relevant image on the topic. The analysis covers the period between 1999 and 2015 and are interpreted in the context of changes of the business environment that have occurred in the last two decades, particularly in relation to the Czech Republic’s entry into the European Union. Throughout the studied period, the Czech Republic revealed a positive balance of trade in milk and dairy products, as well as favourable values of TC index (value of coverage of import by export). The dynamics of the territorial structure of export and import is embodied in the overall trade dynamics between the Czech Republic and countries of EU-28. The Czech Republic’s entry into the EU common market, however, led to a change in the trading milk product structure. As a negative is regarded the fact that the structure of Czech export to the EU countries has changed and that is mainly concentrated on basic raw milk or dairy products of the first phase of processing with relatively low added value.

scholarly journals Potential of open data in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Boubin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Further Development

The paper Potential of open data in the Czech Republic deals with the current situation of open data government and autonomous institutions in the Czech Republic in comparison with other European Union countries (Great Britain, France, Belgium, Austria, Estonia, ...) and defines the possibilities of open data economic development of the Czech Republic. Methodology of the paper includes a search resources dealing with the issue of open data in the Czech Republic and the European Union, comparing the obtained data, the analysis of obtained data and draft of recommendations for further development. The first part is an evaluation of the current situation and the situation compared with other EU countries. Further conditions for further development and evaluation of the potential of open data for the Czech Republic. The final section of the paper deals with evaluation of possibilities open application data management processes of companies in the Czech Republic in terms of strategic and innovation management. The result is an overview of the potential use of open data in the context of economic development and an estimate of the trend in applications open at the government level.

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