scholarly journals XXI wiek a funkcjonalno-przestrzenne problemy Wenecji

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-90
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jagiełło-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Local Perception ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Testing Ground ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The City

Przedstawione w artykule wyniki badań dotyczących spojrzenia mieszkańców Wenecji na problemy nurtujące ich miasto posłużyły jako punkt wyjścia do rozważań na temat możliwości zaradzenia tym problemom przy wykorzystaniu potencjału jaki niesie XXI wiek. Dyplomowe prace magisterskie studentów architektury mogą być doskonałym poligonem doświadczalnym i miejscem prowadzenia badań i przedstawiania propozycji dla stworzenia wyobrażeń o lepszej przyszłości. Przedstawione w publikacji rozwiązania funkcjonalno-przestrzenne pozwalają spojrzeć w oryginalny sposób na część problemów Wenecji, o których dyskutuje się od lat jak wpływanie wielkich statków wycieczkowych na wody laguny, tłumy turystów, poszukiwanie nowych przestrzeni dla mieszkańców, rozwijanie rynku pracy, czy proponowanie nowych form zwiedzania miasta. Contemporary functional and spatial challanges of Venice based on local perception The findings presented in this study, which focused on how Venice’s residents perceive the problems their city suffers from, served as a starting point for a discussion on the potential to address them by using the potential of the twenty-first century. Thesis design projects by architecture students can serve as an excellent testing ground for studies and presenting proposals of visions of a better future. The functio-spatial solutions presented in this paper can provide an original perspective on some of Venice’s much-discussed problems, such as enormous cruise ships entering the lagoon’s waters, tourist crowds and the search for new spaces for residents, employment market development or proposing new forms of sightseeing in the city.

scholarly journals Sacred Spaces in a Holy City. Crossing Religious Boundaries in Istanbul at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 34-56
Author(s):  
Méropi Anastassiadou-Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Holy City

The article examines Muslim pilgrimages to Christian places of worship in Istanbul after the 1950s. It aims to answer whether and how the Ottoman heritage of cultural diversity fits or does not fit with the pattern of the nation-state. After a brief bibliographic overview of the issue of shared sacred spaces, the presentation assembles, as a first step, some of the key elements of Istanbul’s multi-secular links with religious practices: the sanctity of the city both for Christianity and Islam; the long tradition of pilgrimages and their importance for the local economy; meanings and etymologies of the word pilgrimage in the most common languages of the Ottoman space; and the silence of the nineteenth century’s Greek sources concerning the sharing of worship. The second part focuses more specifically on some OrthodoxGreek sacred spaces in Istanbul increasingly frequented by Muslims during the last decades.

Reflecting the Nation: Costa Rican Cinema in the Twenty-First Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-180
Author(s):  
Liz Harvey-Kattou
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Century ◽  
San Jose ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The City

This chapter argues that cinema has been the primary creative vehicle to reflect on national – tico – identity in Costa Rica in the twenty-first century, and it begins with an overview of the industry. Considering the ways in which film is uniquely positioned to challenge social norms through the creation of affective narratives and through the visibility it can offer to otherwise marginalised groups, this chapter analyses four films by key directors. Beginning with an exploration of Esteban Ramírez’s Gestación, it considers youth culture, gender, and class as non-normative spaces in the city of San José. Similarly, Jurgen Ureña’s Abrázame como antes is then discussed from the point of view of its ground-breaking portrayal of trans women in the capital. Two films shot at the geographic margins of the nation are then discussed, with the uncanny coastline the focus of Paz Fábrega’s Agua fría de mar and the marginalized Afro-Costa Rican province of Limón the focus of Patricia Velásquez’s Dos aguas.

Introduction

City, State ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ran Hirschl
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
First Century ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Spatial Governance

This introductory chapter illustrates that, in many settings worldwide, hardwired constitutional arrangements reflect outdated concepts of spatial governance featuring constitutional division of competences adopted in a pre-megacity era and increasingly detached from twenty-first-century realities. Consequently, cities do not exist constitutionally. And with few exceptions, cities remain subjugated by a Westphalian constitutional order and by the state’s innate inclination to maintain jurisdictional primacy over its territory. National constitutions’ entrenched nature and innately statist outlook render the city systemically weak and to a large degree underrepresented. As extensive urbanization marches on, an ever-widening gap emerges between what is expected of a modern metropolis, and what cities can actually deliver in the absence of adequate standing, representation, taxation powers, or robust policy-making authority.

scholarly journals Distraction Machines? Augmentation, Automation and Attention in a Computational Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (98) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beatrice Fazi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Agents ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Human Capacity ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Computing Machines

It is often argued (and feared) that the human capacity to pay attention is being transformed by computational technologies. Are computing machines distraction machines? This article takes this question as its starting point in order to address concerns about attention deficits visà-vis questions and issues about the mechanisation of cognitive procedures. I will claim that, when approaching the attention ecology of the twenty-first century, it is necessary to differentiate between augmentation and automation. While augmentation implies the extension of predefined forms or modes of behaviour, contemporary developments in computational automation ask us instead to consider the possibility of moving beyond phenomenological analogies. The article will thus discuss how transformations in the capacity to pay attention in a computational age need to be analysed in relation to the emergence of quasi-autonomous artificial cognitive agents driven by AI technologies, such as those known as machine learning. I will argue that these artificial cognitive agents can no longer be described in terms of technological add-ons to pre-existing human cognitive capacities. Today, we think alongside machines that are, is a sense, already thinking. Similarly, we pay attention alongside machines that are, in a sense, already paying attention. The challenge for philosophy and cultural theory is that of moving beyond 'projectionist' conceptions of such technological agency. This challenge, however, also involves overcoming the anthropomorphism that is implicit in expression such as 'thinking machines'. In a century where robot-to-robot communications have outpaced and outnumbered human-machine interactions, these artificial cognitive agents are not just reframing the human capacity to pay attention: they are also re-structuring the conditions for such capacity. Addressing the conditions for attention beyond augmentation and vis-à-vis computational automation involves considering the role and scope of both human and algorithmic decisionmaking, and engaging with the ways in which the humanities can intervene upon contemporary complex cognitive scenarios.

Religion and Violence from Christian Theological Perspectives

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Just War ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Third ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
City State ◽  
The City ◽  
The Catholic Church

This chapter reviews the movement from pacifism to Just War and Crusade. It also tries to demonstrate the ways prominent Catholic and Protestant leaders have harshly used violent measures within their communities, and determines contemporary manifestations of these three approaches among twenty-first-century Christians. The Crusades constitute the third type of response to war and peace among Christians, joining the ongoing Just War and pacifist traditions. The Inquisition within the Catholic Church and the city-state of Geneva under John Calvin's leadership within the emerging Protestant movement are elaborated. These examples show how pervasive the use of violence in the name of religion had become. The Just Peacemaking Paradigm is the alternative to pacifism and Just War theory, an effort that tries to change the focus to initiatives which can help prevent war and foster peace.

Prolegomena to the Study of the Jewish Magical Tradition

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Bohak
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
First Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Main Claim ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Trace Processes ◽  
Twenty First Century

Recent years have seen a steady rise in the scholarly interest in Jewish magic. The present paper seeks to take stock of what has already been done, to explain how further study of Jewish magical texts and artifacts might make major contributions to the study of Judaism as a whole, and to provide a blueprint for further progress in this field. Its main claim is that the number of unedited and even uncharted primary sources for the study of Jewish magic is staggering, and that these sources must serve as the starting point for any serious study of the Jewish magical tradition from antiquity to the twenty-first century. Such a study must both compare the Jewish magical texts and practices of each historical period with those of the contemporaneous non-Jewish world, and thus trace processes of cross-cultural contacts and influences, and compare the Jewish magical texts and practices of one period with those of another, so as to detect processes of inner-Jewish continuity and transmission. Finally, such a study must flesh out the place of magical practices and practitioners within the Jewish society of different periods, and within different Jewish communities.

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