scholarly journals Responses and Impacts of COVID-19 on East Africa’s Tourism Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10(6)) ◽  
pp. 1711-1727
Author(s):  
Peter Ezra ◽  
Benard Kitheka ◽  
Edwin Sabuhoro ◽  
Geoffrey K. Riungu ◽  
Agnes Sirima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
East African ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Global Engagement ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Robust Measures

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all economies and life support systems world-wide. Owing to the pandemic's unpredictable nature, experts and policymakers struggle to find a headway to slow infections and further economic deterioration. The purpose of this study is to assess East African Community (EAC) states’ early responses and the pandemic’s impacts on the tourism industry. Data were collected through a review of secondary data, including academic and media reports. Special attention was paid to respective policy responses during the early stages of the pandemic outbreak. Findings show that Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda employed more robust measures to curb the spread of COVID-19, whereas Tanzania and Burundi resorted to censorship and protectionism. The EAC should quickly learn from the current crisis and devise strategies to handle future shocks to the tourism-system. The states should prioritize economic diversification, retraining of the workforce, global engagement, and collaborative management.

EVALUATION OF BANK PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND PROPOSES A COMMON MEASURE FOR COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY (EAC) COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Dr. Rutto Peter Ketyenya
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
East African ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
East African Community ◽  
For Profit ◽  
African Community

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to Evaluate bank performance measures and proposes a common measure for commercial banks in the East African Community (EAC) countries Methodology: The study used cross country data analysis of 100 commercial banks and collected secondary data from annual published audited financial statements for the period 1997-2011Results: The results indicate that the OPM which combines productivity and profitability captured a high percentage of similar banks when the top 20 commercial banks were ranked; 80% for return on assets, 60% for profit margin and 55% for net interest margin.Policy recommendation: The study recommended that OPM will enable central banks to assess the performance levels of banks and be able to detect those that are underperforming and take corrective measures to either improve productivity, profitability or both. For policy makers in the EAC secretariat, the measure will enable comparison on the performance of banks in East Africa for subsequent integration to the monetary union.

African aviation growth will hinge on open skies

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Political ◽  
East African ◽  
State Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
African Community ◽  
Better Than

Significance The high cost of taking a 50-minute flight within the East African Community reflects a long-standing paradox in which intra-African air traffic is growing faster than global averages -- and passengers pay higher fares -- yet a majority of the continent’s biggest carriers make major losses. A prime driver of this dynamic is the high tariffs, fees and quotas imposed by African aviation authorities, in what remain highly protected markets. Deregulation of Africa's airspace has long been touted as the solution. However, the political impediments to achieving such an outcome remain substantial. Impacts Aviation sector developments will be crucial for the continued growth of Africa’s tourism industry. Improved aviation safety standards would reduce the costs of financing and insuring aircraft. Carriers that receive state support, such as Ethiopian Airlines, will still do better than their competitors.

scholarly journals Political Dimension in Pan-African Cross-border Banking: An Inhibitor or Catalyst?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Okoche Michael
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
East African ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
African Community

The emergence and the dominance of African banks in Africa have been touted as one of the popular mechanisms for financial development leading to a concept termed as Pan-African cross-border banking. African Banks have become dominant in the African market as opposed to European colonial banks substantially increasing their geographic footprints on the continent. African banks have become economically significant beyond their home countries and of systematic importance in a number of jurisdictions. This systematically examined the influence of the political environment on Pan-African cross-border banking using Kenya Commercial bank as a case study.Interpretive research paradigm guided the study seeking using qualitative data by interviewing employees, managers, and policymakers from the three subsidiaries of Kenya Commercial Bank; Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi. This was further supported by secondary data collected from journal articles and reports from the Kenya Commercial Bank.The study established that political environment plays an important role in influencing Pan-African cross-border banking either through catalysing or inhibiting. Despite effort integration by African Union, regional unions like East African Community there still areas for improvement. In order to enhance Pan-African cross-border banking, there has to be systematically management of political environment which was distorted by history, ideologies, different political systems, different regulatory frameworks between the subsidiaries and home countries. This will further enhance the significance of Pan-African banks African cross-border banks enhancing economic development within Africa.

scholarly journals PO 8569 INNOVATIVE DOMESTIC FINANCING FOR HEALTH RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A55.1-A55
Author(s):  
Jean De Dieu Ngirabega ◽  
Novat Twungubumwe ◽  
Nandan K Pulakkal ◽  
Prince N Bahati ◽  
Anatoli Kamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Community ◽  
R And D ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Social Impact Bonds ◽  
African Community ◽  
Sin Taxes

BackgroundAccess to domestic financial resources is a pre-requisite for strengthening health research and development (R&D). Therefore, the East African Health Research Commission (EAHRC) commissioned a study to assess the financial needs of the East African Community (EAC) region and propose innovative domestic financing mechanisms for R and D in East Africa.MethodsThis study used a four-pronged approach as follows: a desk review of secondary data, followed by a survey to collect quantitative data from health R&D organisations and relevant ministries, followed by key informant interviews and, finally, a validation workshop. The study used 2014–2015 as the baseline year.ResultsOnly 51 out of 160 organisations responded to the survey. Using triangulation of desk reviews, national budgets documents and reported organisational budgets, the annual investment in health R&D in the EAC is estimated at USD 301.71 million of which 86% is financed from external sources. The share of health R&D financing in the GDP and health budget stood at 0.21% and 1.27% respectively, while the share of domestic financing of health R&D to GDP was as low as 0.03%The innovative domestic financing options suggested included: allocation of 10% of the USD 560 million of the sin-taxes collected; taxing 1% of the estimated USD 3 billion from inward remittances; fundraising for at least 2.5% of the USD 18.67 private sector investment in corporate social responsibility; issuing social impact bonds and the EAC Health Research Fund with an estimated annual performance of USD 20 million.ConclusionIn order to sustain health R&D investments in EAC, the EAHRC proposes to develop a 10 year domestic financing roadmap using a strategic mix of tax- and non-tax-based innovations.

Renewable Energy in the East African Communitys and its Role in Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Liudmila Kalinichenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
East African ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
East African Community

The article analyses the role of renewable energy in the process of the development of the energy market of the East African Community (EAC) . The author underlines the necessity of finding solutions for such challenges as rising wood and charcoal prices, deforestation, lack of affordable and reliable electricity for a large number of consumers. The study reveals that nowadays the percentage of people with access to modern sources of energy is very low, varying from 7 % in Burundi to 36% in Kenya, although the EAC countries made significant progress in 2000s. Most people in rural areas rely on traditional biomass for cooking and heating, which leads to ecological and health problems. The author concludes that renewable energy development is considered by the Community as one of the prospective ways for providing energy to remote regions in view of abundant solar, wind and geothermal resources. Their strategy aims at the construction of micro and mini hydro stations, stand-alone solar PV systems and off-grids for rural population usage. The study shows that the investment in off-grid renewables has been steadily rising in recent times . Analyzing grid-connected power generation electricity, the author elicits that it is also based on renewable electricity, which accounts for 65% of the total amount. Kenya, with the highest installed capacity in this sector, is investing mainly in geothermal, solar and wind sources of energy, while the others are focusing on hydropower and solar. For the purpose of attracting private investment, the EAC partner states adopted different regulations, including Feed-in Tariff, zero-VAT and GET FIT Programme. The author assumes that renewable energy financing is one of the main challenges despite the support of different international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, UNIDO, AfDB and others. Nowadays energy efficiency measures are becoming important instruments for the EAC countries resulted in power savings. The other important trend is increasing cooperation among them due to their grid-connected power systems in the East African Power Pool. In this context, in November 2017, the EAC Partner States adopted Energy Security Policy Framework, in order to ensure the sustainable development of their energy sector.

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