scholarly journals A Pole in the Far East: Trials and Tribulations of a Text between New York, Paris, and Warsaw (Ferdynand Ossendowski, Beasts, Men, and Gods)

Slovo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol The Distant Voyages of Polish... (The distant journeys of...) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Koziołkiewicz

International audience After the outbreak of the Bolshevik Revolution, Ferdynand Ossendowski, a Polish scientist, adventurer and writer living in the Russian Empire, managed to flee the country and tell his story to the world. This account of a dangerous journey through Central Asia, titled Beasts, Men, and Gods, was published in New York thanks to the help of an American, Lewis Stanton Palen. The universally admired book was translated from English into many languages, and Ossendowski himself soon prepared a Polish version of the narrative. Although Palen was credited only as a collaborator, hisimplication in the project seems to be larger than has been so far assumed. This paper discusses hitherto unexamined letters from Palen to Ossendowski as well as details of their later cooperation to form a theory on the genesis of Ossendowski’s most famous book. It also traces the uncommon literary career of Palen who since the publication of Beasts, Men, and Gods embarked on the collaboration with several other Central and Eastern European “source-authors” whose autobiographical accounts he edited and/ or translated. While none of them seems to have later retold the events in their own language, Ossendowski did, and the most important differences between the two texts are analyzed in the context of the necessity to adjust one’s personal experiences to the foreign literary market and the implied readers’ vision of the traversed lands. Après que la révolution bolchevique a éclaté, Ferdynand Ossendowski, un scientifique, aventurier et écrivain polonais, qui vivait dans l’Empire russe, a réussi à fuir le pays et raconter son histoire au monde. Ce récit d’un voyage dangereux à travers l’Asie centrale, intitulé Bêtes, hommes et dieux (conformément à l’original Beasts, Men, and Gods), a été publié à New York grâce à l’aide d’un Américain, Lewis Stanton Palen. Le livre, universellement admiré, a été traduit de l’anglais en plusieurs langues et Ossendowski lui‑même a préparé peu après une version polonaise de la narration. Bien qu’on attribue à Palen seulement le rôle d’un collaborateur, son implication dans le projet semble plus importante qu’on ne l’avait supposé jusqu’à présent. Cet article examine des lettres de Palen à Ossendowski qui n’avaient encore jamais été commentées ainsi que des détails sur leur collaboration plus tardive pour formuler une hypothèse sur la genèse du livre le plus connu d’Ossendowski. Il retrace également la carrière littéraire de Palen qui, à partir de la publication de Bêtes, hommes et dieux, a commencé à collaborer avec d’autres « auteurs‑sources » d’Europe centrale et de l’Est, dont il a rédigé et/ou traduit les récits autobiographiques. Mais alors qu’aucun d’entre eux n’a raconté plus tard cesévénements dans sa propre langue, Ossendowski l’a fait et les différences les plus importantes entre les deux textes sont analysées à la lumière du besoin d’adapter ses expériences personnelles au marché littéraire étranger et à la vision des pays traversés que pouvaient avoir ses futurs lecteurs. Po wybuchu rewolucji bolszewickiej Ferdynand Ossendowski, polski naukowiec, poszukiwacz przygód i pisarz mieszkający w Imperium Rosyjskim, zdołał uciec z kraju i opowiedzieć światu swoją historię. Relację o niebezpiecznej podróży przez Azję Środkową, zatytułowaną Beasts, Men, and Gods (polski tytuł Przez kraj ludzi, zwierząt i bogów) opublikowano w Nowym Jorku dzięki pomocy Amerykanina Lewisa Stantona Palena. Powszechnie podziwianą książkę przetłumaczono z angielskiego na wiele języków, a sam Ossendowski niedługo później przygotował polską wersję narracji. Mimo że wkład Palena określono jedynie jako współpracę, wydaje się, że był on większy niż do tej pory sądzono. W niniejszym artykule omówiono niebadane dotąd listy Palena do Ossedowskiego, a także szczegóły ich późniejszej współpracy, aby sformułować teorię na temat genezy najsłynniejszej książki polskiego pisarza. Szkic przedstawia również nietypową karierę literacką Palena, który po publikacji Beasts, Men, and Gods podjął współpracę z innymi „autorami źródłowymi” z Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, których autobiograficzne relacje redagował i/lub tłumaczył. Wydaje się, że Ossendowski jako jedyny z nich opisał opowiedziane Amerykaninowi wydarzenia powtórnie we własnym języku. Najważniejsze różnice między dwoma tekstami skomentowano w kontekście konieczności dopasowania osobistych przeżyć do obcego rynku literackiego i wyobrażeń, jakie o przemierzonych krajach mieli projektowani czytelnicy.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Grapevine fanleaf nepovirus Viruses: Comoviridae: Nepovirus Hosts: Grapevine (Vitis spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Mainland Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Azores, Mainland Portugal, Romania, Russian Far East Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Canary, Islands, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, Armenia, China, Fujian, Hebei, Shandong, Cyprus, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Philippines, Syria, Turkey, AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, Madagascar, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, California, Michigan, Missouri, New York, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa, Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New Zealand.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow. Gammaproteobacteria: Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae. Hosts: apple (Malus domestica), pear (Pyrus spp.) and some other species of Rosaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, mainland France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, mainland Italy, Sicily, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Central Russia, Russian Far East, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Ukraine), Asia (Armenia, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey), Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming), Central America and Caribbean (Bermuda and Guatemala) and Oceania (Australia, Victoria and New Zealand).


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis[Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis] (Curtis) Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae Polyphagous on deciduous trees including fruit trees such as Malus, Prunus and Pyrus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (former), Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Central Russia, Russian Far East, Northern Russia, Siberia, Southern Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (former), ASIA, Armenia, China, Anhui, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, NeiMenggu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Hokkaido, Kazakhstan, Korea Dem People's Republic, Korea Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, OCEANIA, Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand.


Author(s):  
E. V. Bogomolova

Abstract A description is provided for Torula herbarum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf and stem spots in plants; foot-rot of coriander; stem blight in Zizyphus mauritiana (small brown specks on bark near cut ends of branches, these spots enlarging into dark brown lesions and coalescing within 10-15 days, further stages being characterized by black broad strips of lesions, which progress towards the basal part of the tree); destruction of paper; biodeterioration of marble; decomposition of soil organic matter. HOSTS: Very common on or in dead herbaceous stems, wood (including artefacts such as baskets, cloth and furniture), soil, air, calcareous and siliceous rock, and artefacts such as concrete, linoleum, paper, sacking material and tiles. The fungus has also been observed in association with many other fungi. There are two records of this fungus being isolated from nasal swabs of Equus equus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan. AFRICA: Ethiopia, Ghana [as Gold Coast], Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa (Transvaal), Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia [as Northern Rhodesia]. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Ontario, Saskatchewan), USA (California, Colorado, Kansas, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, South Carolina, Texas, West Virginia). CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Panama. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil (Pernambuco), Chile, Venezuela. ASIA: Bangladesh, China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang), Cyprus, India (Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh), Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia (Russian Far East), Sabah, Sarawak, Sri Lanka, Taiwan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Queensland, Victoria), New Caledonia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By dissemination of air-borne conidia.


Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pechatnov

Based on previously unearthed documents from the Russia’s State Historical Archive and the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire the article explores the history of the first Russian Orthodox parish in New York City and construction of Saint-Nickolas Russian Orthodox Cathedral in the city. It was a protracted and complicated interagency process that involved Russian Orthodox mission in the United States, Russia’s Foreign Ministry and its missions in the United States, the Holy Governing Synod, Russia’s Ministry of Finance and the State Council. The principal actors were the bishops Nicholas (Ziorov) and especially Tikhon (Bellavin), Ober-Prosecutor of the Holy Governing Synod Konstantine Pobedonostsev and Reverend Alexander Khotovitsky. This case study of the Cathedral history reveals an interaction of ecclesiastical and civil authorities in which private and civic initiative was combined with strict bureaucratic rules and procedures.


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