scholarly journals Irrational Use of Antimicrobials in Poultry Farms and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Talal Alhouzani ◽  
Mohammad Saleem ◽  
Arun Sharma ◽  
Sitaram Khadka ◽  
Ravi Prasad Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Daily Dose

Background: The rampant use of antimicrobials in poultry farms is creating a global public health threat as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans may arise from such practice. This study was conducted with the objective of quantification and hence assessment of the level of antimicrobial use in Pakistani poultry farms so that appropriate utilization of such agents can be assured. Methods: Six randomly selected poultry farms of Pakistan with ten production cycles with 20,000- 30,000 birds in every production cycle were selected for the study from 2018 to 2019. The average dosage utilized on-farm was described by the defined daily dose (DDD) and used daily dose (UDD). Results: It was found that enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, tylocin, and lincomycin were the antimicrobials commonly used by all poultry farms. However, only Enrofloxacin (UDD/DDD = 0.95) was being used within the rational therapeutic range. All the antimicrobials were used irrationally without proper indication and suggestion by the veterinarian. No records on antimicrobials use were found on any farm.   Conclusion: The irrational use of antimicrobials in poultry farms may lead to antimicrobial resistance which has been a global public health threat. The speedy action should be implemented to discourage such rampant use of drugs in poultry farms in Pakistan and countries with similar farming practices for the effective use of antimicrobials in the proper indication.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Horses

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Amir Steinman ◽  
Shiri Navon-Venezia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Care System

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly recognized global public health threat to the modern health-care system that could hamper the control and treatment of infectious diseases [...]

scholarly journals Mobile Colistin Resistance (MCR) Gene, Antimicrobial Resistance: A Global Public Health Threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Tanzina Nusrat ◽  
Mainul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Public Health Threat

Abstract not available Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.5-10

scholarly journals Multiple Bactericidal Mechanisms of the Zinc Ionophore PBT2

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichaela Harbison-Price ◽  
Scott A. Ferguson ◽  
Adam Heikal ◽  
George Taiaroa ◽  
Kiel Hards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Zinc Accumulation ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Metal Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Face

ABSTRACT Globally, more antimicrobials are used in food-producing animals than in humans, and the extensive use of medically important human antimicrobials poses a significant public health threat in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The development of novel ionophores, a class of antimicrobials used exclusively in animals, holds promise as a strategy to replace or reduce essential human antimicrobials in veterinary practice. PBT2 is a zinc ionophore with recently demonstrated antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive pathogens, although the underlying mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we investigated the bactericidal mechanism of PBT2 in the bovine mastitis-causing pathogen, Streptococcus uberis. In this work, we show that PBT2 functions as a Zn2+/H+ ionophore, exchanging extracellular zinc for intracellular protons in an electroneutral process that leads to cellular zinc accumulation. Zinc accumulation occurs concomitantly with manganese depletion and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). PBT2 inhibits the activity of the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, SodA, thereby impairing oxidative stress protection. We propose that PBT2-mediated intracellular zinc toxicity in S. uberis leads to lethality through multiple bactericidal mechanisms: the production of toxic ROS and the impairment of manganese-dependent antioxidant functions. Collectively, these data show that PBT2 represents a new class of antibacterial ionophores capable of targeting bacterial metal ion homeostasis and cellular redox balance. We propose that this novel and multitarget mechanism of PBT2 makes the development of cross-resistance to medically important antimicrobials unlikely. IMPORTANCE More antimicrobials are used in food-producing animals than in humans, and the extensive use of medically important human antimicrobials poses a significant public health threat in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the elimination of antimicrobial crossover between human and veterinary medicine is of great interest. Unfortunately, the development of new antimicrobials is an expensive high-risk process fraught with difficulties. The repurposing of chemical agents provides a solution to this problem, and while many have not been originally developed as antimicrobials, they have been proven safe in clinical trials. PBT2, a zinc ionophore, is an experimental therapeutic that met safety criteria but failed efficacy checkpoints against both Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases. It was recently found that PBT2 possessed potent antimicrobial activity, although the mechanism of bacterial cell death is unresolved. In this body of work, we show that PBT2 has multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial action, making the development of PBT2 resistance unlikely.

scholarly journals Arboviruses: A global public health threat

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (24) ◽  
pp. 3989-3994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Girard ◽  
Christopher B. Nelson ◽  
Valentina Picot ◽  
Duane J. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Public Health Threat

scholarly journals Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Thailand reveals mixed imported populations, a local lineage expansion and a virus with truncated ORF7a

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Batty ◽  
Theerarat Kochakarn ◽  
Bhakbhoom Panthan ◽  
Krittikorn Kümpornsin ◽  
Poramate Jiaranai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Frame Shift ◽  
Public Health Threat

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health threat. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 was implemented during March 2020 at a major diagnostic hub in Bangkok, Thailand. Several virus lineages supposedly originated in many countries were found, and a Thai-specific lineage, designated A/Thai-1, has expanded to be predominant in Thailand. A virus sample in the SARS-CoV-2 A/Thai-1 lineage contains a frame-shift deletion at ORF7a, encoding a putative host antagonizing factor of the virus.

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