scholarly journals Application of the Kinesio® Taping Method for a Child with Hypotonia: A Pilot Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Margaret Griffin ◽  
Christina McGuff ◽  
Nicole Willse ◽  
MacKenzie Twaddell ◽  
Julia Shin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Developmental Delay ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Intervention Modality

Background: This study explored the application of the Kinesio® Taping (KT®) method in conjunction with traditional occupational therapy (OT) intervention for a child with hypotonia. Specifically, differences in functional hand outcomes (manual dexterity and grasp pattern) were examined between the sessions with and without the application of the KT® method. Methods: A 9-year and 5-month-old male subject, at the time of enrollment, diagnosed with hypotonia, global developmental delay, and autism spectrum disorder participated in the study. A single-subject alternating treatment design was employed. A total of 14 OT sessions were conducted across baseline (n=3), alternating treatment (n=8), and replication (n=3) phases. During the alternating treatment phase, the subject was randomly applied the KT® method in four out of the eight OT sessions. At the end of each session, the participant was administered standardized assessments. Results: There were no statistically significant differences observed in functional hand outcomes across the baseline, alternating treatment, and replication phases. There were no statistically significant differences observed in manual dexterity and grasp pattern between the sessions with and without the application of the KT® method. Discussion: The results from the study replicated the mixed outcomes reported in the efficacy of the KT® method in addressing functional hand outcomes; OT practitioners are recommended to consider the KT® method as an auxiliary intervention modality. Future research involving the KT® method can consider ways to better control for the confounding variables noted in the current study including the novelty effect, subject’s comorbid conditions, and number and length of sessions allotted across the baseline, alternating treatment, and replication phases.

Assessment and Treatment of Selective Mutism in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 153465012098345
Author(s):  
Mirela Cengher ◽  
Joy C. Clayborne ◽  
Adrianna E. Crouch ◽  
Julia T. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Over 60% of children diagnosed with selective mutism are also diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Previous research established that behavioral interventions are effective at increasing speech in children with both diagnoses. However, few studies conducted assessments to determine environmental variables that inhibit speech, and such assessments are necessary for the development of effective and efficient treatments. This case study describes an assessment that evaluated the function(s) of selective mutism. The results confirmed that the participant did not talk to avoid social interaction and that mutism occurred primarily in the presence of multiple, unfamiliar people. Our first treatment focused on increasing tolerance for social interaction, demonstrated by an increase in speech production in the presence of unfamiliar people. Our second treatment focused on increasing qualitative aspects of the participant’s speech (i.e., both responses and initiations). Finally, we taught the participant’s parents to implement the treatment in naturalistic settings, and the participant demonstrated generalization of treatment effects across people and settings. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

Development of emotional skills through videomodeling: A case study with a non-verbal participant

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Angelo Rega ◽  
Federica Somma ◽  
Luigi Iovino
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Emotional Skills ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Emotional Behaviour ◽  
Technological Tool

BACKGROUND: Videomodeling is an effective technological tool for intervention and rehabilitation of children with autism spectrum disorders in different contexts. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to verify whether a videomodeling intervention is effective for the acquisition of social and emotional behaviour and skills of children with ASD using tablet PC. METHODS: One 6-year-old child with ASD, who does not use verbal communication, was involved in a multiple baseline across behaviours design: the independent variable was the videomodeling intervention, instead the dependent variable was the participant behaviour. Intervention was preceded by a pre-session of Functional Communication training. An intersubject analysis was used to evaluate participant percentage of response through the sessions. RESULTS: The participant showed a marked improvement in his emotional skills. The intersubjective analysis carried out shows the sharp increase in response in many target behaviours from the baseline to the intervention phase. A limitation of the study was the lack of time: there were only two inversion sessions, no follow-up evaluation, no generalization and no double-blind study. CONCLUSIONS: It would be interesting for future research to extend it to everyday life scenarios, to enhance generalization in other contexts, involving a larger number of people with ASD.

scholarly journals Robot-Mediated Interventions to Enhance Communication and Social Abilities of Children and Youth with Disabilities: a Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyeon Park ◽  
Ye Eun Baek ◽  
Bo Lyeong Lim ◽  
Heeseon Ko
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Youth With Disabilities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Abilities

Objectives: The current paper presents a review of the literature discussing the trends in research that conducted robot-mediated interventions to enhance communication and social abilities of children and youth with disabilities. Method: Thirty-two dissertation or research articles published after 2000 were selected and divided into thematic categories for analysis, including participants, setting, research method, characteristics of robot-mediated interventions, roles of robots, and the results of studies. Results: First, the research most frequently focused on children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Second, most of the research was conducted in educational settings. Third, most research used quantitative research design, in particular a single-subject research design method was the most common. Fourth, in most of the research humanoid robots assisted the intervention, acting as an interaction partner of participants and as an instrumental medium to prompt the participants to demonstrate desirable behavior. Finally, most studies reported positive effects of robot-mediated intervention in the communication and social abilities of children and youth with disabilities. Conclusion: The paper provides the outcomes and limitations of robot-mediated interventions for children and youth with disabilities and the implications for future research.

Consciousness Streaming: A Single-Subject Within Session Analysis of Therapeutically Relevant Verbalizations

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
Steven A. Szykula ◽  
Laura Czajkowski ◽  
Julia A. Laylander ◽  
Thomas V. Sayger
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
The Subject

A case study is presented that exposes the psychotherapy technique of “consciousness streaming” to an empirical analysis of its potency. This technique is proposed to be one way of reducing “resistance” (as defined herein) of some clients. The subject was an adult female with a diagnosis of major depression and borderline personality disorder. Applied behavioral analyses of her in-therapy, verbal responses to consciousness streaming and therapeutic interviewing are compared. The data indicated that the consciousness streaming technique was superior to therapeutic interviewing in producing higher purity ratios (as opposed to frequency) of therapeutically relevant client verbalizations. A discussion on the utility of this experimental demonstration is presented, and suggestions are offered for future research and clinical application.

scholarly journals Experiences of Siblings of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen E. Angell ◽  
Hedda Meadan ◽  
Julia B. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and identify their self-reported support needs. We conducted in-person semi-structured interviews with 12 siblings aged 7 to 15 of children aged 6 to 15 with ASDs. Employing a qualitative collective case study research method, we conducted cross-case analyses to address our research questions. Three major themes emerged: (a) descriptions of the sibling subsystem (b) cohesion between and among the siblings, and (c) adaptability of the participant siblings to having family members with ASDs. Discussion of these findings and recommendations for future research contributes to the existing literature on siblings of children with disabilities.

Obsessional Slowness: A Case Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Lam ◽  
Karen W. Wong ◽  
Mary-Ann Fulks ◽  
Liisa Holsti
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Withdrawal Design

Background. Obsessional slowness is a rare psychiatric disorder with few treatment options and limited research to date. Some suggest that targeted behavioural interventions may reduce the time taken for functional daily activities. Purpose. To examine whether a behavioural intervention would reduce the amount of time taken for an adolescent with obsessional slowness to walk to class. Methods. A single-subject A-B-A withdrawal design was incorporated into this case study. The treatment involved one-to-one pacing and prompting during the subject's walk to gym class. Walking times to gym class were measured during a baseline phase, during a one-month treatment phase, and during a post-treatment follow-up phase. Findings. The subject's walking times decreased during the treatment phase. Post-treatment walking times suggested a carry-over effect. Implications. This study adds to the sparse evidence on treatments for obsessional slowness and suggests occupation-based treatment options.

scholarly journals Video Game Playing Effects on Obesity in an Adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy E. Strahan ◽  
Jennifer H. Elder
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Game Playing ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Video Game Playing ◽  
Active Video

Adolescent obesity has tripled in the past two decades, and adolescents with disabilities, specifically autism spectrum disorders (ASD), may be at greater risk for obesity due to the behavioral, physical, and psychosocial complications related to their disorder. This case study reports the effects of video game playing on an obese adolescent with ASD and illustrates the use of a multiple baseline single subject design. Over 12 weeks, the participant played inactive (6 weeks) and active video games (6 weeks) on the Wii console. Physiological data were evaluated weekly at home. Stress and anxiety were measured via the Stress Survey Schedule for Individuals with Autism and Other Pervasive Non-Developmental Disorders (SSS) and the Behavior Assessment System for Children Second Edition (BASC-2) pre- and postintervention. The Therapy Attitude Inventory (TAI) was used to determine parental perception of video game playing as a socially valid intervention to reduce stress and anxiety. Results demonstrated that active video game playing slowed and/or reduced weight and BMI with minimal changes to waist-to-hip ratios, triceps skinfolds, and stress and anxiety. This study demonstrates how alternative methods for physical activity may be used to improve health outcomes of overweight/obese adolescents with ASD and suggests directions for future research.

Parent-Mediated, Play-Based Counseling Interventions: Use of Affective Engagement to Treat Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Rust ◽  
Page L. Thanasiu
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective Engagement ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Counseling Interventions ◽  
Counseling Approach

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) benefit greatly from a comprehensive counseling approach capable of addressing a myriad of associated symptoms that can vary in presentation from one client to another. Parent-mediated, play-based counseling interventions represent a systemic and empirically supported component to treating children with this disorder. The authors review diagnostic criteria for ASD and highlight valuable elements of parent-mediated approaches that can enhance a child's social communication by targeting playful interactions. Joyful, affective engagement through play is highlighted as an essential catalyst of social–emotional growth for children with ASD, since this experience of joy creates intrinsic motivation for the child to seek out additional opportunities to play with others. One particular model, the Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters (PLAY) Project, is presented along with a composite case study that illustrates a sampling of PLAY techniques. Finally, the authors discuss implications for practitioners and recommendations for future research.

Using Video Modeling, Explicit Instruction, and Augmented Reality to Teach Mathematics to Students With Disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 073194872110404
Author(s):  
Jared R. Morris ◽  
Elizabeth M. Hughes ◽  
James D. Stocker ◽  
Emelie S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Video Modeling ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Subject

Students with exceptionalities who do not make adequate progress with core instruction in mathematics require more intensive research-based interventions such as explicit instruction or video modeling to address instructional needs. This study examined the effects of combining point-of-view video modeling, explicit instruction, and augmented reality to teach mathematics to students with disabilities. The researchers employed a multiple baseline across skills, single-subject research design, to evaluate the effects of the intervention on student performance across four mathematics skills. Two eighth grade students identified as having a disability impacting mathematics, one with autism spectrum disorder and one with a specific learning disability, participated in the study. Visual analysis determined a functional relation between the dependent and independent variables. Tau-U result for the intervention phase was 1.0 across all four skills for each participant. Participants demonstrated high levels of maintenance, and with one exception, students were able to apply the skills to word problems without additional training. Limitations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Interventions to Support Social Interaction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of Single Case Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ozuna ◽  
Alexis Mavridis ◽  
Brittany L. Hott
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Core Deficit ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Support Students

Social interaction is a core deficit in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, parents and teachers need effective interventions to support students with ASD. This synthesis provides a quantitative analysis of single-subject studies that examine interventions to support social interactions in children with ASD. Results suggest that pivotal response treatment (PRT), Social StoriesTM, peer-mediated strategies, and video modelling are promising interventions to support social interaction. Limitations, implications for practice, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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