scholarly journals ONE-POT-TWO-STEP SYNTHESIS OF BIOLUBRICANT BASE STOCK FROM RUBBER SEED OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.O . Madojemu ◽  
E.A. Elimian ◽  
M.C. Ejimadu ◽  
C.O. Okieimen ◽  
F.E. Okieimen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Stock ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Physico Chemical

Biolubricant base stock was synthesized in this work from rubber seed oil in a one-pot-two-step process of epoxidation and hydroxylation. Rubber seed oil was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus. The in situ epoxidation of the rubber seed oil with peracid (hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid) was analysed and optimized considering three process variables with their range of values given as temperature of 35-50 , time of 60-180 mins and mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to acetic acid of 1:0.25-1:1 by applying the central composite design of response surface methodology. The ring opening reaction (hydroxylation) of the epoxide to polyhydroxylated oil (lubricant basestock) with ethanol was carried out using the optimum conditions obtained from the epoxidation process. The rubber seed oil, epoxide and lubricant basestock were characterized in terms of physico-chemical properties using standard methods and in terms of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Maximum epoxide content of 4.85% and maximum conversion of 71% of rubber seed oil to epoxide was achieved at a temperature of 50􀀀 , reaction time of 180 mins and 1: 0.39 mol/mol of hydrogen peroxide to acetic acid. The predicted values of the epoxidation process reasonably agreed with the experimental ones and model R-squared value of about 95% showed that response surface method can reasonably predict the epoxidation process using a quadratic polynomial model. There was 75% conversion of the epoxide to polyhydroxylated oil (biolubricant basestock), which represents a very high yield. The formation of epoxides and polyhydroxylated oil lead to modification (improvement) in the properties of rubber seed oil as confirmed by the physico-chemical properties and FTIR spectra analysis of the oil, epoxide and lubricant basestock. The study showed that chemical derivatives of rubber seed oils are an attractive, renewable, and ecofriendly alternative to mineral oils for lubricant formulations.

Optimization of synthesis of inverse vulcanized copolymers from rubber seed oil using response surface methodology

Polymer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 123553
Author(s):  
Ali Shaan Manzoor Ghumman ◽  
Rashid Shamsuddin ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef ◽  
Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya ◽  
Amin Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

scholarly journals Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) based on Rubber Seed Oil Synthesized via Low-Pressured Carbonization Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2407-2417
Author(s):  
R.A. Hambali ◽  
M.A. Faiza ◽  
A. Zuliahani
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Epoxidation Reaction

Epoxidised rubber seed oil (ERSO) was successfully synthesized into non-isocyanate polyurethane via carboxylation method whereas peroxoformic acid was formed by in-situ reaction for epoxidation. The effects of temperature and ratio of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid to rubber seed oil carboxylation were studied. The optimum temperature for the epoxidation reaction was found at 50 °C to avoid ring opening reaction of epoxy whilst the optimum ratio of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid is equal molar of double bond: formic acid at 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. At a lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid, the oxirane ring was stable due to the lower hydrolysis (oxirane cleavage) of an epoxide. The effect of using low content of formic acid tends to minimize unwanted epoxide ring opening to occur and make the epoxidation rate increased with increasing of oxirane number. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral displayed the presence of an epoxy functional group at 822 cm-1 and the disappearance of double bond peak at 3011 cm-1 corresponding to epoxidised oil and carbonyl group confirmed the epoxidation reaction had taken place. 1H-NMR was used to confirm the formation of carboxylate functionality after the reaction of epoxy at δ 4.83 and 4.61 ppm. In conclusion, ERSO has great potential to be used as a precursor in producing environmentally friendly non-isocyanate polyurethane.

Epoxidation and hydroxlation of rubber seed oil: one-pot multi-step reactions

2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix E. Okieimen ◽  
C. Pavithran ◽  
Isiaka O. Bakare
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

scholarly journals Oxirane Ring Opening of Rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis) Seed Oil by Perfomic Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5070-5073
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Rubber Seed

Studies on the epoxidation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed oil, a renewable source with formic acid was performed in the presence of 30% hydrogen peroxide at a of temperature 40, 50,60,70 oC. The process is favoured by an increase in temperature forming a product with high oxirane content which is as a result of mole ratios of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Products of high oxirane content are commercialy viable in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Natural rubber and other products can be obtained from this in- situ technique. Studies in this research shows that the rate of epoxidation increases with an increase in temperature.Oxirane values of 2.30, 3.62 and 4.73 for the various temperature. However high oxirane content of 6.22 was obtained at 70 oC which is in line with literature. FTIR analysis was also carried out on the epoxidized rubber seed oil which shows the peaks of oxirane cleavage.

Formulation of a novel biolubricant with enhanced properties using esterified rubber seed oil as a base stock

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (12) ◽  
pp. 1514-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amith Aravind ◽  
K Prabhakaran Nair ◽  
M L Joy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Base Stock ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Point Depressant

Biolubricants, though an answer to depleting mineral oil reserves and toxic pollutants seeping into the environment, have several drawbacks. They have a limited range of viscosities, poor low temperature properties, and reduced oxidative stability. Rubber seed oil, a nonedible oil extracted from rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) seeds, has been observed to serve as a good base stock for developing a novel biolubricant. This study aims at improving the properties of rubber seed oil, namely, its free fatty acid content, viscosity, cloud and pour point, tribological properties, and oxidative stability using suitable natural and synthetic additives to make it as good as commercial lubricants available in the market. A final formulation containing esterified rubber seed oil with (1% low-density polyethylene + 1.5% polypropylene as viscosity enhancers, 1.5% agarose to improve coefficient of friction, 1.5% butylated hydroxyl toluene as pour point depressant and (1% butylated hydroxyl anisole + 1.5% α-tocopherol + 1% ascorbic acid) as antioxidants has been found to have superior lubricant properties when compared to plain rubber seed oil. The biodegradability of the final formulated oil has also been studied.

scholarly journals Optimization of parameters for the production of biodiesel from rubber seed oil using onsite lipase by response surface methodology

3 Biotech ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Faisal Panichikkal ◽  
Priji Prakasan ◽  
Unni Kizhakkepowathial Nair ◽  
Mohanan Kulangara Valappil
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Optimization Of Parameters ◽  
Rubber Seed

OPTIMISATION OF ENERGY AND MATERIALS IN ACID ESTERFICATION OF RUBBER SEED OIL THROUGH RSM AND ANN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilse Sebastian ◽  
Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Mugi ◽  
C. Muraleedharan ◽  
Santhiagu A
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed
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