scholarly journals COMMON OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISORDERS IN CURRENT INDIAN POPULATION AND PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2093-2098
Author(s):  
Keerthana. S ◽  
Zenica D’souza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Chronic Disease Management ◽  
Workplace Hazards ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases ◽  
Primary Strategy

Occupational lung diseases are caused primarily as a result of exposure to risk factors arising from the work envi- ronment. Persons with few weeks of exposure to workplace hazards may experience mild symptoms, whereas long term exposure results in a complicated presentation like severe respiratory debilitation and even death. Occupational lung diseases may be misdiagnosed as COPD or other diseases, which leads to delay in the identification of the etiological factors. There is no treatment for any of the occupational lung diseases that can reverse the damage already done. So, prevention of occupational exposure is the primary strategy in these ailments. In the present era, people are turning towards Ayurveda for chronic disease management, so a long-term approach to these could be beneficial in the management of occupational lung diseases. So, it's the need of the hour for an Ayurvedic physician to be accustomed to occupational diseases and their management through Ayurveda. Keywords: Occupational lung disorders, Ayurveda for OLD, Yoga and Pranayama.

Chronic disease management and dementia: a qualitative study of knowledge and needs of staff

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Baird ◽  
Marta H. Woolford ◽  
Carmel Young ◽  
Margaret Winbolt ◽  
Joseph Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Chronic Disease Management ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Management Approaches

Effective self-management is the cornerstone of chronic disease self-management. However, self-management of chronic disease in patients with comorbid dementia is particularly challenging. It is vital that clinicians, patients and carers work collaboratively to tailor self-management programs to each patient with dementia. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of successful self-management in the context of cognitive impairment in order to optimise the capacity for self-management for persons with dementia (PWD). A qualitative study based on semistructured interviews was conducted in Victoria, Australia. Interviews were conducted with 12 people (employed in the ambulatory and dementia care sectors), representing six health services. Participants identified a healthcare system that is complex, not dementia friendly and not accommodating the needs of PWD who have comorbidities. Individual and systemic barriers contributed to ineffective self-management. Chronic disease support programs do not routinely undertake cognitive assessment or have guidelines for modified management approaches for those with cognitive impairment. Support needs to be long-term and requires a specialised skillset that recognises not only chronic disease management, but also the effect of cognition on self-management. Although formal guidelines are needed, care also needs to be tailored to individual cognitive abilities and deficits.

scholarly journals Should endometriosis be managed within a chronic disease framework? An analysis of national policy documents

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca O'Hara ◽  
Heather Rowe ◽  
Louise Roufeil ◽  
Jane Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Chronic Disease Management ◽  
Coordinated Care ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Consensus Statements

Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether endometriosis meets the definition for chronic disease in Australian policy documents. Methods A qualitative case study approach was used to thematically analyse the definitions contained in Australian chronic disease policy documents and technical reports. The key themes were then compared with descriptions of endometriosis in peer-reviewed literature, clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus statements. Results The search yielded 18 chronic disease documents that provided a definition or characteristics of chronic disease. The thematic analysis identified key elements of chronic diseases pertaining to onset, causation, duration, treatment, disease course and impact (individual and societal). A comparison with endometriosis descriptions indicated that endometriosis meets five of the six chronic disease key elements. Conclusion In Australia, long-term and complex conditions are managed within a chronic disease framework and include mechanisms such as chronic disease management plans (CDMPs) to assist with coordination and management of these conditions. Because endometriosis has most of the characteristics of chronic disease, it could potentially be reframed as a chronic disease in endometriosis clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements. Further, the use of CDMPs may provide a mechanism to promote individualised care and multidisciplinary management of this chronic, enigmatic and debilitating disease. What is known about the topic? In Australia, long-term complex diseases can be managed within a chronic disease framework that include mechanisms for coordinated care such as CDMPs and team care arrangements. Endometriosis is described as an inflammatory, progressive, relapsing and, for some women, debilitating condition, but is rarely described as a chronic disease in the clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements available in Australia. What does this paper add? Endometriosis shares most of the characteristics of a chronic disease so may benefit from chronic disease management systems such as CDMPs. What are the implications for practitioners? CDMPs may be a useful mechanism to coordinate and improve the effectiveness of care for women with endometriosis who experience sustained symptoms of endometriosis.

scholarly journals Questions of ethical regulation of immunobiological therapy of some occupational lung diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
L. A. Shpagina ◽  
L. A. Panacheva ◽  
E. V. Zolotukhina
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Medical Documents ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases ◽  
Medical Examinations

Objective. Taking into account a high prevalence of occupational pathology associated with the exposure of industrial aerosols, to analyze the principles of therapy used for patients with these diseases. Materials and methods. The regulating medical documents, the data of preventive medical examinations as well as the principles of therapy applied for patients with occupational diseases, which are presented in scientific literarure, are analyzed. Results. The role of harmful production factors in the formation of pneumoconiosis and alveolitis, which join the group of interstitial lung diseases (ILD), has been proved. The outcome of these occupational diseases is fibrosing alveolitis with the development of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. In the treatment of ILD, immunobiological drugs (IBD) are used to suppress the immune processes selectively affecting the monoclonal antibodies, blocking of which interrupts inflammation and in 90 % of cases stops the further development of the disease. Conclusions. The use of immunobiological drugs in clinical practice should be carried out within the framework of ethical and legal regulation between the patient and the doctor.

scholarly journals Non-invasive optical imaging of stroke

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1955) ◽  
pp. 4470-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellmuth Obrig ◽  
Jens Steinbrink
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Three Stages

The acute onset of a neurological deficit is the key clinical feature of stroke. In most cases, however, pathophysiological changes in the cerebral vasculature precede the event, often by many years. Persisting neurological deficits may also require long-term rehabilitation. Hence, stroke may be considered a chronic disease, and diagnostic and therapeutic efforts must include identification of specific risk factors, and the monitoring of and interventions in the acute and subacute stages, and should aim at a pathophysiologically based approach to optimize the rehabilitative effort. Non-invasive optical techniques have been experimentally used in all three stages of the disease and may complement the established diagnostic and monitoring tools. Here, we provide an overview of studies using the methodology in the context of stroke, and we sketch perspectives of how they may be integrated into the assessment of the highly dynamic pathophysiological processes during the acute and subacute stages of the disease and also during rehabilitation and (secondary) prevention of stroke.

scholarly journals An impact of pneumococcal vaccination on exacerbations of occupational lung diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
G. L. Ignatova ◽  
O. V. Rodionova ◽  
V. N. Antonov ◽  
S. G. Kandakov ◽  
N. M. Brovman
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Exacerbation Rate ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases

Dust-related diseases are the most common occupational diseases with significant economic burden. The purpose of this study was to assess an impact of pneumococcal vaccination on exacerbation rate of occupational lung diseases. Methods. Patients with occupational lung diseases were vaccinated with pneumococcal polysaccharide 23-valent vaccine (PPV23) or pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and then were followed-up for long time. We analyzed the rate of exacerbations of occupational lung diseases at baseline and during 5 years after the vaccination. The immune status, anti-IgG antibodies and antibodies against PPV23 polysaccharides were measured in blood; lactoferrin and IgA were measured in saliva. Exacerbations were determined retrospectively based on outpatient medical records. Results. A rate of exacerbations significantly decreased over two years after the vaccination with PPV-23 followed by an increase to the end of the third year and a significant increase to the end the fourth year; the latter exceeded the pre-vaccination exacerbation rate. After re-vaccination with PPV23, the exacerbation rate decreased and reached the lowest rate two years after the revaccination. This result was maintained over five years with a slight transient decrease during the fourth year. This could be explained by lack of immune memory cells after the re-vaccination compared to primary vaccination and to the risk of B-cell pool depletion. When PCV13 vaccine was used for re-vaccination a year after primary vaccination with PPV23, the exacerbation rate sharply decreased a year after the re-vaccination with maintenance of the effect during three subsequent years and a significant decrease to the end of the fourth year. In a subgroup of patients with pneumoconiosis who were primarily vaccinates with PCV13 without further re-vaccination, the exacerbation rate significantly reduced a year after the vaccination with further reduction during five years. The exacerbation rates were similar in this subgroup and in patients vaccinated sequentially with PCV13 and PPV23. Conclusion. The long-term immune response could be provided by conjugation caused the memory cell formation compared to PPV23 vaccine.

scholarly journals The pathogenesis, epidemiology and biomarkers of susceptibility of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 survivors

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vianello ◽  
Gabriella Guarnieri ◽  
Fausto Braccioni ◽  
Sara Lococo ◽  
Beatrice Molena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Acute Case ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

Abstract Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a pathological outcome of chronic and acute interstitial lung diseases associated to compromised wound healing, is a key component of the “post-acute COVID-19 syndrome” that may severely complicate patients’ clinical course. Although inconclusive, available data suggest that more than a third of hospitalized COVID-19 patients develop lung fibrotic abnormalities after their discharge from hospital. The pathogenesis of PF in patients recovering from a severe acute case of COVID-19 is complex, and several hypotheses have been formulated to explain its development. An analysis of the data that is presently available suggests that biomarkers of susceptibility could help to identify subjects with increased probability of developing PF and may represent a means to personalize the management of COVID-19’s long-term effects. Our review highlights the importance of both patient-related and disease-related contributing risk factors for PF in COVID-19 survivors and makes it definitely clear the possible use of acute phase and follow-up biomarkers for identifying the patients at greatest risk of developing this disease.

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