scholarly journals Non-invasive optical imaging of stroke

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1955) ◽  
pp. 4470-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellmuth Obrig ◽  
Jens Steinbrink
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Three Stages

The acute onset of a neurological deficit is the key clinical feature of stroke. In most cases, however, pathophysiological changes in the cerebral vasculature precede the event, often by many years. Persisting neurological deficits may also require long-term rehabilitation. Hence, stroke may be considered a chronic disease, and diagnostic and therapeutic efforts must include identification of specific risk factors, and the monitoring of and interventions in the acute and subacute stages, and should aim at a pathophysiologically based approach to optimize the rehabilitative effort. Non-invasive optical techniques have been experimentally used in all three stages of the disease and may complement the established diagnostic and monitoring tools. Here, we provide an overview of studies using the methodology in the context of stroke, and we sketch perspectives of how they may be integrated into the assessment of the highly dynamic pathophysiological processes during the acute and subacute stages of the disease and also during rehabilitation and (secondary) prevention of stroke.

scholarly journals COMMON OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISORDERS IN CURRENT INDIAN POPULATION AND PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2093-2098
Author(s):  
Keerthana. S ◽  
Zenica D’souza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Chronic Disease Management ◽  
Workplace Hazards ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases ◽  
Primary Strategy

Occupational lung diseases are caused primarily as a result of exposure to risk factors arising from the work envi- ronment. Persons with few weeks of exposure to workplace hazards may experience mild symptoms, whereas long term exposure results in a complicated presentation like severe respiratory debilitation and even death. Occupational lung diseases may be misdiagnosed as COPD or other diseases, which leads to delay in the identification of the etiological factors. There is no treatment for any of the occupational lung diseases that can reverse the damage already done. So, prevention of occupational exposure is the primary strategy in these ailments. In the present era, people are turning towards Ayurveda for chronic disease management, so a long-term approach to these could be beneficial in the management of occupational lung diseases. So, it's the need of the hour for an Ayurvedic physician to be accustomed to occupational diseases and their management through Ayurveda. Keywords: Occupational lung disorders, Ayurveda for OLD, Yoga and Pranayama.

scholarly journals Plasma TIMP-1 is a Useful Tool for Monitoring 24 Months Liver Fibrosis Improvement After Anti-HCV /DAA Therapy in HCV/HIV Mono/Coinfection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pérez-Is ◽  
Julio Collazos ◽  
Belén Fuente ◽  
Luis Morano ◽  
Maria Rivas-Carmenado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteases ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Long term liver fibrosis (LF) changes and their best -monitoring non-invasive tools after effective anti-HCV DAA therapy are little- known. Matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs) and their tissue-inhibitors (TIMPs) are pivotal in liver inflammation repair .Their plasma levels might assess long term LF changes after therapy. Overall 374 HCV-infected adult patients, 214 HCV-HIV coinfected, were followed-up for 24 months after starting DAA. LF was assessed by transient elastometry (TE), biochemical indexes (APRI, Forns, FIB-4) and, in 61 individuals, by MMPs and TIMP-1 plasma levels. Several MMPs and TIMP-1 SNPs were genotyped in 319 patients.TE was better than biochemical indexes for early and long-term LF monitoring. MMPs-2,-8,-9 and-TIMP-1 levels and TE displayed parallel decreasing curves although only TIMP-1 correlated with TE (P=0.006) and biochemical indexes (P<0.02). HCV monoinfected had significantly higher baseline LF and TIMP-1 plasma levels, but lower MMPs levels than coinfected patients or between different DAA regimens. Only the MMP-2 (-1306 C/T) variant TT genotype associated with higher degrees of fibrosis LF regression extends 24 months after therapy. TE and TIMP1 are the most reliable LF-monitoring tools. LF courses were similar in mono- and coinfected patients, DAA regimens type did not influence fibrosis course.

scholarly journals Thalamomesencephalic cavernoma: anterior transcallosal transchoroidal approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. V20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Certo ◽  
Giada Toccaceli ◽  
Roberto Altieri ◽  
Giuseppe M. V. Barbagallo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Onset ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Foramen Of Monro ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Interhemispheric Approach ◽  
Interhemispheric Fissure ◽  
Velum Interpositum

We present a case of a 62-year-old man with acute onset of diplopia, headache, and vomiting for a bleeding thalamomesencephalic cavernoma. The lesion was removed via the anterior transcallosal transchoroidal approach. His head was slightly flexed and a right paramedian craniotomy for an interhemispheric approach was performed. The interhemispheric fissure was split and, after callosotomy, the choroidal fissure was opened along the tenia fornicis to enter the velum interpositum and enlarge the foramen of Monro. The cavernoma was then identified and resected. There were no long-term postoperative neurological deficits. This approach is a valid alternative for thalamomesencephalic lesions.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/DJdorbzDnH0.

Long-Term Neurological Deficits in Child Survivors of Plasmodium falciparum Cerebral Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Child Survivors ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cerebral malaria, characterized by multiple seizures, coma, and other neurological abnormalities, is a particularly devastating complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Children in sub-Saharan Africa comprise the most susceptible group to cerebral malaria worldwide, with more than 575,000 cases each year. Long-term neurological deficits—including motor impairments, language regression, cognitive deficits, behavioural abnormalities, and epilepsy—occur in approximately 25% of child survivors of cerebral malaria, which is now recognized as the leading cause of childhood neurodisability in sub-Saharan Africa. These neurological sequelae generate a significant economic and social burden as child survivors’ impaired intellectual function impacts their prospects for education and future employment. While current understanding of risk factors, disease mechanisms, and treatments for these neurological deficits is lacking, recent studies have shown great promise in revolutionizing the way that cerebral malaria is diagnosed and treated. It is speculated that during an acute attack of cerebral malaria, an inflammatory response to malarial antigens in neural blood vessels triggers a cascade of events that ultimately results in cerebral tissue damage and hemorrhaging into the brain, causing long-term brain damage. Potential risk factors for neurological deficits include the duration of coma, the occurrence of multiple seizures, and high fever. Malaria retinopathy and angiopoietin are being investigated as potential biomarkers to improve the definitive diagnosis of cerebral malaria. New drug therapies to prevent long-term neurological deficits after cerebral malaria include erythropoietin and statins, and cognitive rehabilitation and speech therapy have been shown to be successful in rehabilitating survivors.

scholarly journals Patients With Myasthenia Gravis With Acute Onset of Dyspnea: Predictors of Progression to Myasthenic Crisis and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyu Huang ◽  
Ying Tan ◽  
Jiayu Shi ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Jingwen Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Myasthenic Crisis ◽  
Acute Dyspnea ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Background: Life-threatening myasthenic crisis (MC) occurs in 10–20% of the patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). It is important to identify the predictors of progression to MC and prognosis in the patients with MG with acute exacerbations.Objective: This study aimed to explore the predictors of progression to MC in the patients with MG with acute onset of dyspnea and their short-term and long-term prognosis.Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study. We collected and analyzed data on all the patients with MG with acute dyspnea over a 10-year period in a single center using the univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: Eighty-six patients with MG were included. In their first acute dyspnea episodes, 36 (41.9%) episodes eventually progressed to MC. A multivariate analysis showed that the early-onset MG (adjusted OR: 3.079, 95% CI 1.052–9.012) and respiratory infection as a trigger (adjusted OR: 3.926, 95% CI 1.141–13.510) were independent risk factors for the progression to MC, while intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment prior to the mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR: 0.253, 95% CI 0.087–0.732) was a protective factor. The prognosis did not significantly differ between the patients with and without MC during the MG course, with a total of 45 (52.3%) patients reaching post-intervention status better than minimal manifestations at the last follow-up.Conclusion: When treating the patients with MG with acute dyspnea, the clinicians should be aware of the risk factors of progression to MC, such as early-onset MG and respiratory infection. IVIg is an effective treatment. With proper immunosuppressive therapy, this group of patients had an overall good long-term prognosis.

Education vs. motivation: Preventing chronic disease and making long-term behaviour change

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Saunders ◽  
Nicole Dunn ◽  
Darren Brereton ◽  
Casie Nishi ◽  
Carrie Solmundson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Behaviour Change

Predicting attrition in long-term residential substance use disorder treatment: A modifiable risk factors perspective.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-482
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Baker ◽  
Keith A. Edmonds ◽  
Maegan L. Calvert ◽  
Sarah M. Sanders ◽  
Ana J. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment

Physician Advice to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Friedman ◽  
Ross C. Brownson ◽  
Dan E. Peterson ◽  
Joan C. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Physician Advice
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