scholarly journals Vocal tract physiology and its MRI evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Bruno Murmura ◽  
Filippo Barbiera ◽  
Francesco Mecorio ◽  
Giovanni Bortoluzzi ◽  
Ilaria Orefice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Articulatory Phonetics ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Evaluation

Introduction. The rapid technological evolution in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has recently offered a great opportunity for the analysis of voice production. Objectives. This article is aimed to describe main physiological principles at the base of voice production (in particular of vocal tract), and an overview about literature on MRI of the vocal tract. This is presented in order to analyze both present results and future perspectives. Method. A narrative review was performed by searching the MeSH terms “vocal tract” and “MRI” in PubMed database. Then, the obtained studies were subsequently selected by relevancy. Results. Main fields described in literature concern technical feasibility and optimization of MRI sequences, modifications of vocal tract in vowel or articulatory phonetics, modifications of vocal tract in singing, 3D reproduction of vocal tract and segmentation, and describing vocal tract in pathological conditions. Conclusions. MRI is potentially the best method to study the vocal tract physiology during voice production. Most recent studies have achieved good results in representation of changes in the vocal tract during emission of vowels and singing. Further developments in MR technique are necessary to allow an equally detailed study of faster movements that participate in the articulation of speaking, which will allow fascinating perspectives in clinical use.

Vowel Category Dependence of the Relationship Between Palate Height, Tongue Height, and Oral Area

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hasegawa-Johnson ◽  
Shamala Pizza ◽  
Abeer Alwan ◽  
Jul Setsu Alwan ◽  
Katherine Haker
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Acoustic Control ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oral Area ◽  
Molar Region

This article evaluates intertalker variance of oral area, logarithm of the oral area, tongue height, and formant frequencies as a function of vowel category. The data consist of coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and acoustic recordings of 5 talkers, each producing 11 different vowels. Tongue height (left, right, and midsagittal), palate height, and oral area were measured in 3 coronal sections anterior to the oropharyngeal bend and were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance, variance ratio analysis, and regression analysis. The primary finding of this article is that oral area (between palate and tongue) showed less intertalker variance during production of vowels with an oral place of articulation (palatal and velar vowels) than during production of vowels with a uvular or pharyngeal place of articulation. Although oral area variance is place dependent, percentage variance (log area variance) is not place dependent. Midsagittal tongue height in the molar region was positively correlated with palate height during production of palatal vowels, but not during production of nonpalatal vowels. Taken together, these results suggest that small oral areas are characterized by relatively talker-independent vowel targets and that meeting these talkerindependent targets is important enough that each talker adjusts his or her own tongue height to compensate for talker-dependent differences in constriction anatomy. Computer simulation results are presented to demonstrate that these results may be explained by an acoustic control strategy: When talkers with very different anatomical characteristics try to match talker-independent formant targets, the resulting area variances are minimized near the primary vocal tract constriction.

scholarly journals Impact of the Sub-Grid Scale Turbulence Model in Aeroacoustic Simulation of Human Voice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1970
Author(s):  
Martin Lasota ◽  
Petr Šidlof ◽  
Manfred Kaltenbacher ◽  
Stefan Schoder
Keyword(s):  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Aeroacoustic Simulation ◽  
Scale Turbulence ◽  
The One

In an aeroacoustic simulation of human voice production, the effect of the sub-grid scale (SGS) model on the acoustic spectrum was investigated. In the first step, incompressible airflow in a 3D model of larynx with vocal folds undergoing prescribed two-degree-of-freedom oscillation was simulated by laminar and Large-Eddy Simulations (LES), using the One-Equation and Wall-Adaptive Local-Eddy (WALE) SGS models. Second, the aeroacoustic sources and the sound propagation in a domain composed of the larynx and vocal tract were computed by the Perturbed Convective Wave Equation (PCWE) for vowels [u:] and [i:]. The results show that the SGS model has a significant impact not only on the flow field, but also on the spectrum of the sound sampled 1 cm downstream of the lips. With the WALE model, which is known to handle the near-wall and high-shear regions more precisely, the simulations predict significantly higher peak volumetric flow rates of air than those of the One-Equation model, only slightly lower than the laminar simulation. The usage of the WALE SGS model also results in higher sound pressure levels of the higher harmonic frequencies.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of low-field magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing brachial plexus tumours in dogs – short communication

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-319
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Adamiak ◽  
Yauheni Zhalniarovich ◽  
Paulina Przyborowska ◽  
Joanna Głodek ◽  
Adam Przeworski
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gadolinium Contrast ◽  
Gadolinium Contrast Agent ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brachial Plexus Tumours

AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences that contribute to a quick and reliable diagnosis of brachial plexus tumours in dogs. The tumours were successfully diagnosed in 6 dogs by the MRI with the use of SE, FSE, STIR, Turbo 3 D, 3D HYCE, and GE sequences and the gadolinium contrast agent

scholarly journals Preoperative measurements on MRI in Chiari 1 patients fail to predict outcome after decompressive surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miro-Pekka Jussila ◽  
Juho Nissilä ◽  
Minna Vakkuri ◽  
Päivi Olsén ◽  
Jaakko Niinimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Decision ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Surgical Decision Making ◽  
Mri Evaluation ◽  
Outcome Of Surgery

Abstract Background The purpose of our study was to research the parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that would predict the outcome of surgery in patients with Chiari 1 malformation (CM1) and to evaluate changes in MRI parameters after surgery. Methods Fifty-one patients (19 children, 13 adolescents, and 19 adults) operated on due to CM1 in Oulu University Hospital between 2004 and 2018 were evaluated. Seventeen parameters were measured from the preoperative MRI and 11 from the postoperative MRI. The correlations between the MRI parameters and the clinical variables before and after surgery were analyzed. Results The majority (88.2%) of the patients had favorable surgical outcomes. Postoperatively, subjective symptoms improved in 88.6% of the patients and syringomyelia in 81.8%. The location of the cerebellar tonsils, when measured in relation to the C2 synchondrosis or the end plate, postoperatively moved cranially in 51.0% (n = 26), did not change in 27.4% (n = 14), and moved caudally in 21.6% (n = 11) of the patients. However, neither the location of the tonsils nor any other parameters measured from pre- or postoperative MRI correlated with the patients’ symptoms or surgical outcomes. Conclusions No specific parameters on preoperative MRI evaluation were predictive of the outcome of surgery, emphasizing clinical examination in surgical decision-making. Furthermore, the postoperative MRI parameters did not correlate with the surgical outcomes. Thus, routine postoperative imaging is suggested only for patients with preoperatively diagnosed syringomyelia or worsening of symptoms.

scholarly journals Grading of Gliomas by Using Radiomic Features on Multiple Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Sequences

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 2168-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-bo Qin ◽  
Zhenyu Liu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Chen Shen ◽  
Xiao-chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

scholarly journals Occlusal stabilization appliance: evaluation of its efficacy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Emi Tanaka ◽  
Emiko Saito Arita ◽  
Bunji Shibayama
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Evaluation

Occlusal stabilization appliances or splints are the most widely employed method for treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most indicated imaging modality to evaluate the components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Forty patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were treated with splints for a mean period of 12 months, comprising regular semimonthly follow-ups. After stabilization of the clinical status, occlusal adjustments and MRI evaluation were performed. It was concluded that the success of this kind of treatment are related to the total (70%) or partial improvement (22.5%) of painful symptomatology and to the functional reestablishment of the craniomandibular complex. The MRI allowed evaluation and also the conclusion that the splints provide conditions for the organism to develop means to resist to the temporomandibular disorders by means of elimination of several etiologic factors. Moreover, after treatment the patients are able to cope with disc displacements with larger or smaller tolerance.

scholarly journals Painful tic convulsif syndrome due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 071-073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Mittal ◽  
Gaurav Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Mr Angiography ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Vascular Compression ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia ◽  
Basilar Arteries ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Painful Tic Convulsif

ABSTRACTCombined clinical presentation of hemifacial spasm and ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia is also known as painful tic convulsif (PTC). It is a rare condition and the most common cause is vascular compression. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is characterized by dilated and tortuous vertebral and basilar arteries. VBD is an uncommon and rarely reported cause of PTC. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), due to its inherent excellent contrast resolution, is an excellent modality for demonstrating the nerve compression by dilated and tortuous vessels seen in this condition. For this purpose, 3D MRI sequences are especially useful like constructive interference in steady state (CISS) and MR angiography. Both of these have been reported to be helpful in the diagnosis of this condition. We report a case of PTC in which we were able to document facial and trigeminal nerve compression by VBD on MRI, using CISS and time-of-fl ight MR angiography.

Postponing Motherhood: a Demographic and Contemporary Issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Félix Nazaré ◽  
Ana Sofia Fernandes Pais ◽  
Margarida Figueiredo-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Postponement

Background: During the last decades, the postponement of motherhood became a reality in developed countries, leading to inevitable medical consequences, both maternal and fetal. Fertility preservation techniques constitute a matter of discussion in the context of voluntary delay of pregnancy. Objective: This study aims to analyse the causes, to address the maternal and fetal consequences and to explore solutions to this problem, namely the applicability of fertility preservation techniques. Methods: Bibliographic search of studies published between 2008 and 2020 was conducted in the PubMed database using the MeSH terms "fertility preservation" and "maternal age", among others. Results: The reasons that lead to the postponement of motherhood are the difficulty in establishing stable relationships, the expansion of differentiated education and demanding labor conditions, the diffusion of contraceptive methods, economic insecurity, ideational changes and the lack of information about this issue. The increased infertility, fetal death, chromosomal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, preterm birth and increased caesarean sections are the medical consequences associated. The review of social policies and the provision of information about fertility constitute possible solutions to this phenomenon. Fertility preservation techniques, especially oocyte cryopreservation, appear as an option but cannot totally compensate the age-related fertility decline. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age is a Public Health issue essentially explained by a set of interconnected social factors, involving considerable risks for maternal and fetal health. Fertility preservation techniques, although promising, may contribute to the perpetuation of this reality.

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