Pemanfaatan Trichoderma spp. dan Gliocladium virens dalam Pembuatan Kompos

Numerous fungi and bacteria, including existing biocontrol strains with known activity against soilborne fungal pathogens as well as isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in the field, were tested for their efficacy in controlling Fusarium wilt of tomato. Tomato seedlings were treated with the potential biocontrol agents in the greenhouse and transplanted into pathogen-infested field soil. Organisms tested included nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium virens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, and others. Specific nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani collected from a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil were the most effective antagonists, providing significant and consistent disease control (50 to 80% reduction of disease incidence) in several repeated tests. These isolates also were equally effective in controlling Fusarium wilt diseases of other crops, including watermelon and muskmelon. Other organisms, including isolates of G. virens, T. hamatum, P. fluorescens, and B. cepacia, also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt compared to disease controls (30 to 65% reduction), but were not as consistently effective as the nonpathogenic Fusarium isolates. Commercially available biocontrol products containing G. virens and T. harzianum (SoilGard and RootShield, respectively) also effectively reduced disease (62 to 68% reduction) when granules were incorporated into potting medium at 0.2% (wt/vol). Several fungal and bacterial isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt of tomato, but were no more effective than other previously identified biocontrol strains. Combinations of antagonists, including multiple Fusarium isolates, Fusarium with bacteria, and Fusarium with other fungi, also reduced disease, but did not provide significantly better control than the nonpathogenic Fusarium antagonists alone.

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Effets de concentrations élevées de sels sur la croissance, la sporulation et la pigmentation de Trichoderma spp.

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m77-088 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 607-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Gindrat

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Maximal Growth ◽

High Concentration ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Gliocladium Virens ◽

The Media ◽

Agar Media

On agar media supplemented with NaCl (5% = 856 mM), seven Trichoderma species aggregates and an isolate intermediate between T. harzianum and T. viride (T. 410) grew more slowly, sporulated poorly, and there was no characteristic pigmentation of the colonies. NaCl or KCl concentrations inducing 'albinization' differed with different isolates. CaCl2 (90–270 mM) reversed the anti-sporulating effect of NaCl (856 mM) on T. 410, and stimulated conidiation in media with no NaCl added. Gliocladium virens, but not G. roseum, reacted like Trichoderma to NaCl. Fourteen other fungal genera offered various reactions. Since 856 mM NaCl decreases osmotic potential (π) of the media used from −1.2 to −41 bars, the influence of π on T. 410 was examined. After 3 to 4 days, maximal growth was observed between −1.2 and −10 bars. Growth was reduced to 50% at about −30 bars. No growth occurred at about −90 bars. No pigmentation was observed at −32 bars (NaCl) and −41 bars (KCl). Abundant sporulation and pigmentation occurred at −31 bars with CaCl2 as sole electrolyte added. Na+ was toxic at high concentration. Results are discussed in view of possible use of Trichoderma in biological control.

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In vitro Antagonism of Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. citricola by Isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium virens

Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0434.1995.tb04557.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 143 (8) ◽

pp. 471-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. M. Chambers ◽

E. S. Scott

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Gliocladium Virens

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A Formulation of Trichoderma and Gliocladium to Reduce Damping-off Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Saprophytic Growth of the Pathogen in Soilless Mix

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1998.82.5.501 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 501-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J. A. Lewis ◽

R. P. Larkin ◽

D. L. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Population Increase ◽

Acid Activation ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Damping Off ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Gliocladium Virens ◽

Aseptic Conditions ◽

Biocontrol Fungi

Commercially manufactured cellulose granules (Biodac) were mixed with a sticker and fermentor-produced biomass of isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium virens to produce a formulation in which chlamydospores in the biomass were “activated” with dilute acid. Activation resulted in the formation of young, actively growing hyphae of the biocontrol fungi within a 2- to 3-day period under no special aseptic conditions. Activated Biodac with biomass of isolates Gl-3, Gl-21, and Gl-32 of G. virens and isolate TRI-4 of T. hamatum applied to soilless mix at a rate of 1.5% (wt/wt) reduced damping-off of eggplant caused by Rhizoctonia solani (R-23) and resulted in stands comparable to that (88%) in noninfested soilless mix. Saprophytic growth of the pathogen was also reduced. The application of either of two activated Biodac formulations to provide the same amount (1.5% with 9.4 mg of biomass per g of Biodac or 0.2% with 75.0 mg of biomass per g of Biodac) reduced preemergence damping-off as well as saprophytic growth of R-23. Also, there was about a 103-fold population increase of Gl-3 and TRI-4 in the soilless mix at the time of plant harvest compared with that provided to the soilless mix at the time of formulation addition. Activated Biodac of Gl-3 also reduced the spread of R-23 in soilless mix when the pathogen was applied at specific foci rather than evenly distributed. The inhibition of pathogen spread significantly reduced the postemergence damping-off of cucumber, eggplant, and pepper seedlings.

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An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/038.55.2020.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

G. Zadehdabagh ◽

K. Karimi ◽

M. Rezabaigi ◽

F. Ajamgard

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

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