scholarly journals Efficacy of Various Fungal and Bacterial Biocontrol Organisms for Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Larkin ◽  
Deborah R. Fravel
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Infested Field

Numerous fungi and bacteria, including existing biocontrol strains with known activity against soilborne fungal pathogens as well as isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in the field, were tested for their efficacy in controlling Fusarium wilt of tomato. Tomato seedlings were treated with the potential biocontrol agents in the greenhouse and transplanted into pathogen-infested field soil. Organisms tested included nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium virens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, and others. Specific nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani collected from a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil were the most effective antagonists, providing significant and consistent disease control (50 to 80% reduction of disease incidence) in several repeated tests. These isolates also were equally effective in controlling Fusarium wilt diseases of other crops, including watermelon and muskmelon. Other organisms, including isolates of G. virens, T. hamatum, P. fluorescens, and B. cepacia, also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt compared to disease controls (30 to 65% reduction), but were not as consistently effective as the nonpathogenic Fusarium isolates. Commercially available biocontrol products containing G. virens and T. harzianum (SoilGard and RootShield, respectively) also effectively reduced disease (62 to 68% reduction) when granules were incorporated into potting medium at 0.2% (wt/vol). Several fungal and bacterial isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt of tomato, but were no more effective than other previously identified biocontrol strains. Combinations of antagonists, including multiple Fusarium isolates, Fusarium with bacteria, and Fusarium with other fungi, also reduced disease, but did not provide significantly better control than the nonpathogenic Fusarium antagonists alone.

scholarly journals Efficacy of fungicides in controlling fusarium wilt of gladiolus

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-607
Author(s):  
L Yasmin ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
FN Khan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Infested Field

The efficacy of fungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt of gladiolus was studied at Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during 2010-2012 following RCB design with four replications. Six fungicides such as Bavistin (0.1%), Provax (0.2%), Mancozeb (0.2%), Rovral (0.2%), Chlorax (10%) and Cupravit (0.7%) were evaluated against the Fusarium wilt disease of gladiolus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli) under naturally infested field condition. Bavistin was very effective in reducing the disease incidence and thereby resulting maximum corm germination (99.98%), spike length (73.90 cm), rachis length (43.70 cm), florets spike-1 (12.63), flower sticks plot-1 (38.75) and corm plot-1 (60.23) and cormel yield ha-1 (2.51 t) of gladiolus. Provax and Cupravit were also effective in inhibiting the disease incidence as well as better spike length, rachis length, florets spike-1, no of flower sticks, corm and cormel yield.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 599-607, December 2017

scholarly journals Control of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon by Grafting onto Bottlegourd or Interspecific Hybrid Squash Despite Colonization of Rootstocks by Fusarium

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Keinath ◽  
R. L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Race 2

Grafting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) onto rootstocks of interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), or citron (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) has been used in Asia and Israel to mange Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of infection of six rootstocks by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum races 1 and 2 and the field performance of grafted rootstocks in Charleston, SC. Grafted and nongrafted watermelon and rootstock plants were inoculated in the greenhouse with race 1, race 2, or water (the control treatment). With both races, the frequency of recovery of F. oxysporum from scion and rootstock portions of inoculated watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Ojakkyo’ citron was greater than from watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Shintosa Camel’ and ‘Strong Tosa’ interspecific hybrid squash, and from plants grafted onto ‘Emphasis’, ‘Macis’, and ‘WMXP 3945’ bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 1, percent recovery also was greater from Ojakkyo than from interspecific hybrid squash and bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 2, F. oxysporum was recovered from the base of ≥79% of all inoculated plants. More than two-thirds (15) of 21 isolates recovered from the tops or scions of inoculated plants were pathogenic on watermelon. In spring 2010 and 2011, the six rootstocks were grafted with seedless watermelon ‘Tri-X 313’, which is susceptible to both races, and transplanted in a field infested with races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Disease incidence for nongrafted and self-grafted Tri-X 313 (the control treatments) and Tri-X 313 grafted onto Ojakkyo citron did not differ significantly. Grafted watermelon plants produced greater weights and numbers of fruit than plants of the two control treatments. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum colonized interspecific hybrid squash, bottlegourd, and grafted watermelon. The rootstocks evaluated, however, restricted movement of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum into the watermelon scion, suppressed wilt symptoms, and increased fruit yields in an infested field.

scholarly journals Green and Red Light Reduces the Disease Severity by Pseudomonas cichorii JBC1 in Tomato Plants via Upregulation of Defense-Related Gene Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajalingam Nagendran ◽  
Yong Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
White Light ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Pseudomonas Cichorii ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Dark Conditions

Light influences many physiological processes in most organisms. To investigate the influence of light on plant and pathogen interaction, we challenged tomato seedlings with Pseudomonas cichorii JBC1 by flood inoculation and incubated the seedlings under different light conditions. Tomato seedlings exposed to green or red light showed a significant reduction in disease incidence compared with those grown under white light or dark conditions. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of each light wavelength on P. cichorii JBC1 and tomato plants. Treatment with various light wavelengths at 120 µmol m–2s–1 revealed no significant difference in growth, swarming motility, or biofilm formation of the pathogen. In addition, when we vacuum-infiltrated P. cichorii JBC1 into tomato plants, green and red light also suppressed disease incidence which indicated that the reduced disease severity was not from direct influence of light on the pathogen. Significant upregulation of the defense-related genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis-related protein 1a (PR-1a) was observed in P. cichorii JBC1-infected tomato seedlings grown under green or red light compared with seedlings grown under white light or dark conditions. The results of this study indicate that light conditions can influence plant defense mechanisms. In particular, green and red light increase the resistance of tomato plants to infection by P. cichorii.

scholarly journals SURVEY ON THE INCIDENCE OF FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO INCITED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI (FOL) IN MAJOR TOMATO GROWING AREAS OF KRISHNAGIRI DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplemenet 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vignesh ◽  
K. Rajamohan ◽  
P. Balabaskar ◽  
R. Anandan ◽  
R. Udhayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Tomato is one of the most important, commercial and widely grown vegetable crop in the world. It is affected by several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Among these Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causes 30-40% yield loss. A survey was conducted to investigate the incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in ten major tomato growing areas of Krishnagiri district. The occurrence of wilt disease incidence ranged from 18 % to 49% was noticed. Plant showing typical symptoms were taken from 10 fields and identified based on symptom appearance as well as morphological characteristics. The result of the survey revealed that wide range of infection and severity of wilt disease were occurred in the major tomato growing areas in Krishnagiri district. Isolation of the pathogen associated with tomato wilt was made from the diseased tissues in roots and collar region of the plant on the Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Fol3 recorded the maximum wilt incidence followed by Fol4 and the minimum wilt incidence was recorded by Fol6 . The pathogenicity of the fungal pathogen was also proved after artificial inoculation of the tomato seedlings

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rhizosphere Bacterial Antagonists for the Management of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Bhanothu Shiva ◽  
P. Srinivas ◽  
Deepa Khulbe
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Antagonists ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a serious problem limiting tomato production worldwide. The intent of the study was to evaluate potential of bacterial antagonists to suppress fusarium wilt disease development and evaluate the role of the strains as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in tomato. Among fifty-two bacterial strains isolated from rhizoplane and rhizosphere of healthy tomato roots, five isolates viz. isolate-01, isolate-17, isolate-23, isolate-24 and isolate-32 were found highly inhibitory against mycelial growth of Fusarium sp., in dual cultures.  Highest inhibition of radial mycelial growth of pathogen in dual culture was induced by isolate-24 (72.2%) followed by isolate-32 (71.9%). In greenhouse experiments percent disease incidence (PDI) was lower in artificially inoculated tomato plants treated with isolate-32 (7.8%) and isolate-24 (8.9%), with percent disease reduction over control of 85.6% and 83.6%, respectively. These isolates also exhibited significant difference in seed germination percentage under artificial inoculation along with pathogen, highest germination percentage was recorded by isolate-32 (91%) followed by isolate-24 (89%) as compared to pathogen inoculated control (24%). The study concluded that the two native rhizobacteria isolated from root zone of healthy tomato plants could successfully protect the tomato plants from the lethal infection by Fusarium sp. while enhancing the germination of the treated plants.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Beberapa Bentuk Formulasi Trichoderma spp dalam Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fazil ◽  
Tjut Chamzurni ◽  
Rina Sriwati
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Product Formulation ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstrak: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) adalah salah satu patogen tular tanah yang sangat berbahaya bagi tanaman tomat, hal itu dikarenakan patogen ini mampu bertahan dalam jangka waktu yang lama di dalam tanah. Salah  satu  alternatif  pengendalian  secara  biologi  yang  ramah  lingkungan  adalah dengan cara memanfaatkan cendawan antagonis sebagai agen biokontrol yaitu Trichoderma spp. penggunaan cendawan antagonis sebagai agen hayati harus dalam bentuk formula yang tepat dengan bahan yang mudah tersedia. Penelitian  ini   bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui  pengaruh  aplikasi  beberapa   bentuk formulasi  Trichoderma  spp  dalam  mengendalikan penyakit  layu  fusarium  pada  tanaman tomat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola non faktorial yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan menggunakan 5 ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri dari 4 unit tanaman. Susunan perlakuan bentuk formulasi berbahan aktif Trichoderma spp yaitu F0 = Kontrol (tanpa perlakuan),F1 = Formulasi pelet daun katuk 3 g (+ 10 butir)/polibag, F2 = Formulasi padat jagung kering 3 g/polibag dan F3 = Formulasi cair produk komersil 100 ml/polibag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi beberapa bentuk formulasi  Trichoderma spp  mampu memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap persentase layu tanaman dan tinggi tanaman serta persentase batang yang xylemnya terdiskolorasi. Application of Several Forms by Trichoderma spp Formulation in Controlling Fusarium Wilt Disease on Tomato PlantsAbstract. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) is one of the soil pathogens that is very harmful for tomato plants, it is because these pathogens are able to survive for a long time in the soil. One of the alternative biological controls that are environmentally friendly is by utilizing the antagonist fungus as a biocontrol agent that is Trichoderma spp. the use of antagonistic fungi as biological agents should be in the form of the right formula with easily available materials. This study aims to determine the effect of application of some form of Trichoderma spp formulation in controlling fusarium wilt disease in tomato plants. This research uses Completely Randomized Design of non factorial pattern consisting of 4 treatments using 5 replications, each replication consisting of 4 plant units. the active formulation by several form formulation of Trichoderma spp is F0 = Control (without treatment), F1 = Leaf pelet formulation 3 g (+ 10 grain) / polybag, F2 = Dry corn solid formula 3 g / polybag and F3 = Commercial liquid product formulation 100 ml / polybag. The results showed that the application of some form of formulation Trichoderma spp able to give a real effect on the percentage of wilting plants and plant height as well as the percentage of stems that discoloration on xylem.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Environmental Conditions on Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato by Nonpathogenic Fusarium spp.

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1160-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Larkin ◽  
Deborah R. Fravel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Infested Field

The influence of varying environmental and cropping conditions including temperature, light, soil type, pathogen isolate and race, and cultivar of tomato on biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato by isolates of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum (CS-20 and CS-24) and F. solani (CS-1) was evaluated in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. Liquid spore suspensions (106/ml) of the biocontrol isolates were applied to soilless potting mix at the time of tomato seeding, and the seedlings were transplanted into pathogen-infested field soil 2 weeks later. Temperature regimes ranging from 22 to 32°C significantly affected disease development and plant physiological parameters. Biocontrol isolate CS-20 significantly reduced disease at all temperature regimes tested, yielding reductions of disease incidence of 59 to 100% relative to pathogen control treatments. Isolates CS-24 and CS-1 reduced disease incidence in the greenhouse and at high temperatures, but were less effective at the optimum temperature for disease development (27°C). Growing plants under shade (50% of full light) versus full light affected some plant growth parameters, but did not affect the efficacy of biocontrol of any of the three bio-control isolates. Isolate CS-20 effectively reduced disease incidence (56 to 79% reduction) in four different field soils varying in texture (sandy to clayey) and organic matter content (0 to 3.2%). Isolate CS-1 reduced disease in the sandy and loamy soils (49 to 66% reduction), but was not effective in a heavy clay soil. Both CS-1 and CS-20 were equally effective against all three races of the pathogen, as well as multiple isolates of each race (48 to 66% reduction in disease incidence). Both isolates, CS-1 and CS-20, were equally effective in reducing disease incidence (66 to 80% reduction) by pathogenic races 1, 2, and 3 on eight different tomato cultivars containing varying levels of inherent resistance to Fusarium wilt (susceptible, resistant to race 1, or resistant to races 1 and 2). These results demonstrate that both these Fusarium isolates, and particularly CS-20, can effectively reduce Fusarium wilt disease of tomato under a variety of environmental conditions and have potential for further development.

scholarly journals Effect of hot water treatment in controlling fusarium wilt of gladiolus

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401
Author(s):  
L Yasmin ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
TK Dey
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Normal Water

The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during 2010-12 following two factors RCB design with four replications. The levels of Factor A (Duration): were i) T1 = 5 minutes, ii) T2 = 10 minutes and iii) T3 = 15 minutes. Factor B (Water temperature): i) A1 = 500C, ii) A2 = 520C, iii) A3 = 540C, iv) A4 = 560C and v) A5 = Control (normal water). The treatment combinations were evaluated against the wilt disease of gladiolus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli) under naturally infested field condition. Corm treated with hot water at 540C for 5 minutes was very effective in inhibiting the wilt disease incidence and thereby resulting better corm emergence, flower sticks plot-1, corm plot-1 and comel yield of gladiolus. Corm treated with hot water at 520C for 10 minutes appeared moderately effective against Fusarium wilt as well as better flower, corm and cormel yield of gladiolus under field condition.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 393-401, September 2017

scholarly journals Priming F1-resistant Tomato Hybrid (Lindo-F1) Seedlings with Copper-I-Oxide Metalaxyl Composite Fungicide before Infection Enhanced Resistance to Fusarium Wilt

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
O. A. Borisade ◽  
Y. I. Uwaidem
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Pathogen Challenge ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Vascular wilt disease caused by soilborne Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is a serious constraint to production of tomato in Southwestern Nigeria. F1-resistant tomato hybrid, Lindo-F1 seedlings were primed with Copper-I-Oxide Metalaxyl (CM) fungicide containing 65% Copper-1-Oxide in 12% Metalaxyl as a wettable powder (WP). The CM was suspended in Reverse Osmosis (RO) water and applied at four different concentrations (25, 42.5, 62.5, 87.5 mg Kg-1) to the soil in the nursery, and the seedlings were assigned names (B-, C, D- and E-tomato plant) respectively, according to the concentration of CM treatment. The control (A-tomato plant) was primed with RO water. The aim was to elicit the plant's innate defences before pathogen challenge, in addition to the direct fungitoxicity of CM. Conidia suspension of three virulent, indigenous isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp lycopersici (Sensu lato) AWO-1, ERIO-1 and IGEDE-1 were tested against the water-primed- and CM-primed Lindo-F1 seedlings. Moreover, effects of the CM on crop performance indices, disease incidence and severity were evaluated for the genetically resistant tomato alone (water-primed) and the tomato seedlings primed with CM. The CM concentrations significantly affected the performance of the seedlings in the nursery, F (8, 75) =9.358, P=0.001, with a critical concentration (42.5 mg Kg-1 soil), that adversely affected plants’ vigour. The rates of growth and development of the plants in the field in relation to the carry-over effects of CM-priming in the nursery was significant, F (6,432) =7.302, P=0.001. The rates of flowering and fruiting in relation to the concentrations of CM treatments and the infecting strain of F. oxysporum also varied significantly, F(12,972) =5.796, P=0.001. The severity of disease was significantly different among the treated and the control plants, F (18,576) =2.143, P=0.004. The C-Tomato plants produced the highest number of healthy and matured fruits.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kolonisasi Trichoderma spp. pada Akar Bibit Pisang terhadap Perkembangan Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense)

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Nurbailis Nurbailis ◽  
Martinius Martinius
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Seedling Biomass

The purpose of the research was to obtain the superior Trichoderma that had ability to colonize root with the resultbeing effective to supress Fusarium wilt desease and promote banana seedling growth. This experiment consistedof 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor was Trichoderma spp. namely : A. Trichoderma koningii strain S6sh(TK-S6sh), B Trichoderma viride strain T1sk (TV-T1sk) and Trichoderma harzianum strain S10sh (TH-S10sh). Thesecond factor was the kind of banana namely a.Cavendis, b. Barangan and c. Kepok. The observation werecolonization ability, Fusarium wilt desease development and the banana seedling growth. The result showed thatTV-T1sk was the best spesies to colonize all banana seedling root. The highest colonization in Barangan bananaseedling root reached 80%. Trichoderma colonization in banana seedling root could suppress Fusarium wilt diseasedevelopment and increase banana seedling weight. Higher ability of Trichoderma to colonize banana seedling rootcaused lower disease incidence of Fusarium wilt and greater biomass of banana seedling. Interaction betweenTV-T1Sk and Barangan banana was the best in colonization, so they were effective to suppress Fusarium wiltdesease and increase banana seedling biomass.

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