scholarly journals WORLD WAR I AND ITS REFLECTION IN SIMBIRSK AND SAMARA EPARCHIAL JOURNALS OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
Alexey N. Rukhlin
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Publishing Policy ◽  
Historical Methods

The article examines the publishing activities of the provincial journals «Simbirsk Eparchial Bulletin and «Samara Eparchial Bulletin» during the world war of 1914–1917. In their periodicals, Church editors and journalists tried to support the sense of patriotism in the society and to justify Russia’s role and mission in the war against the «Teutonic hordes». Also by 1916, social problems and ideological decline of the Russian monarchy are traced the journals. The author has implemented a detailed scientific analysis of previously formed knowledge and scientific approach in order to identify knowledge about the editorial and publishing policy of the Russian Orthodox Church during the war. In his scientific research, the author was guided by the historical method or, as it is formulated in another way, the principle of historicism. When conducting this research, the author relied primarily on special historical and general historical methods. The reliability of the research is conditioned by the use of real archival periodicals published in 1914–1917. The article is highly topical because using specific examples the author shows the information capabilities of the Church periodical press in war conditions.

scholarly journals The Awarding of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church for Participation in Military Operations of the XIX - early XX Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Алексей Андреевич Рудченко
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Reward System ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Статья посвящена практике награждения русских православных священнослужителей за их деятельность в военный период XIX - начала XX века. В публикации изучаются варианты награждения духовенства за военные заслуги, а также указывается возможность для них посмертного награждения и сокращения стандартного трехлетнего междунаградного срока. Исследуется роль духовенства в жизни российской армии и рассматриваются обязанности военных священнослужителей. Большое внимание уделяется примерам отмеченных священноначалием подвигов духовенства, совершавшего свое служение во время Отечественной войны 1812 года, Крымской, Русско-турецкой, Русско-японской и Первой мировой военных кампаний. Известно, что отличившиеся священники награждались специально учрежденными для них особыми императорскими наперсными крестами на Владимирской или Георгиевской ленте. В статье рассматриваются обстоятельства установления этих наперсных крестов в качестве наград, а также возможность использования их священнослужителями как во время богослужения, так и в повседневной жизни. Кроме того, указывается на то, что, согласно сложившейся к началу XIX столетия системе награждения духовенства, труды священнослужителей в обстоятельствах военного времени могли отмечаться традиционным предоставлением права ношения отличительного элемента богослужебного облачения или возведением на очередную иерархическую степень. The article is devoted to the practice of rewarding Russian Orthodox clergy for their activities during the war period of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The publications study the options for rewarding clergy for military merits, and also indicate the possibility of posthumous rewarding for them and shortening the standard three-year period. Patriotic War of 1812, the Crimean, Russian-Turkish, Russian-Japanese and World War I campaigns. It is known that priests who accomplished feats awarded special imperial pectoral crosses specially designed for them on the Vladimir or St. George ribbon. The article presents the facts regarding these pectoral crosses as a nation, as well as the possibility of using them as a worship service during everyday life. In addition, it is pointed out that, according to the clergy reward system established by the beginning of the 19th century, the work of clergy in wartime circumstances could be marked by the traditional granting of the right to wear a distinctive element of liturgical vestments or raising to the next hierarchical degree.

scholarly journals Między Kijowem a Konstantynopolem Relacje Kościoła ukraińskiego z Patriarchatem Ekumenicznym (X–XXI w.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-95
Author(s):  
Konrad Kuczara
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

Relations between the Ukrainian Church and Constantinople were difficult. This goes back as far as 988, when the Christianisation of the Rus created a strong alliance between Kiev and the Byzantine Empire. There were times when Constantinople had no influence over the Kiev Metropolis. During the Mongolian invasion in 1240, the Ukranian region was broken up and Kiev lost its power. The headquarters of the Kiev Metropolis were first moved to Wlodzimierz nad Klazma in 1299 and then to Moscow in1325. In 1458 the Metropolis of Kiev was divided into two; Kiev and Moscow, but Kiev still remained under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Since that time, the orthodox hierarchs of Moscow no longer adhered to the title Bishop of Kiev and the whole of Rus and in 1588 the Patriarchate of Moscow was founded. In 1596 when  the Union of Brest was formed,  the orthodox church of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth was not liquidated. Instead it was formally revived in 1620 and in 1632 it was officially recognized by king Wladyslaw Waza. In 1686 the Metropolis of Kiev which until that time was under the Patriarchate of Constantinople was handed over to the jurisdiction of Moscow. It was tsarist diplomats that bribed the Ottoman Sultan of the time to force the Patriarchate to issue a decree giving Moscow jurisdiction over the Metropolis of Kiev. In the beginning of the 19th century, Kiev lost its Metropolitan status and became a regular diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. Only in the beginning of the 20thcentury, during the time of the Ukrainian revolution were efforts made to create an independent Church of Ukraine. In 1919 the autocephaly was announced, but the Patriarchate of Constantinople did not recognize it. . The structure of this Church was soon to be liquidated and it was restored again after the second world war at the time when Hitler occupied the Ukraine. In 1992, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when Ukraine gained its independence, the Metropolitan of Kiev requested that the Orthodox Church of Ukraine becomes autocephalous but his request was rejected by the Patriarchate of Moscow. Until 2018 the Patriarchate of Kiev and the autocephalous Church remained unrecognized and thus considered schismatic. In 2018 the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople looked  into the matter and on 5thJanuary 2019, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine received it’s tomos of autocephaly from Constantinople. The Patriarchate of Moscow opposed the decision of Constantinople and as a result refused to perform a common Eucharist with the new Church of Ukraine and with the Patriarchate of Constantinople.

scholarly journals Foreign policy factor in State-Church relations in the Soviet Union during World War II and early post-war

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Especial II) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rustamovich Ibragimov ◽  
Aivaz Minnegosmanovich Fazliev ◽  
Chulpan Khamitovna Samatova ◽  
Boturzhon Khamidovich Alimov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War

The objective of the research was to study Russian State and Orthodox church relations in the context of world war II and the early post-war years. The line of this article is due to the important role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the history, modern political and cultural life of Russia. In this sense, the period of State-Church relations in the USSR during world war II, known in Russia as a great patriotic war, is of great scientific interest because it was the time when the government was forced to make adjustments to its religion policy. Methodologically based on a wide range of documentary sources, the authors of the article have identified the place and role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the foreign policy of the USSR during the approach. In this sense, it is felt that the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in building relations with the allies of the anti-Hitler coalition and its place in the expansion of the Soviet political system in Eastern Europe was of paramount importance as a foreign policy factor.

scholarly journals Fates of priests of Russian Orthodox Church of Old-Believers in the ancient centres of Starodub and Vietka in 1920s-1960s

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Marina V. Kochergina
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church

The article is devoted to the difficult fate of the old believers' priests of the Russian Orthodox Church of Old Believers in the period of Stalin's repression, the events on the World War II East Front and the postwar period, associated with a new oppression against the Church. The author restores the fate of old believers' priests from the ancient centres of Starodub and Vietka, who managed to preserve, despite the repression by the Soviet authorities, the faith of their ancestors, to show selflessness in relation to their flock, love for the Motherland, patriotism. The analysis of published biographies of old believers' priests of the Russian Orthodox Church of Old Believers, the memories of old believers themselves, recorded by the author, allow tracing the difficult way of restoring the spiritual life of old believer communities of Starodub and Vietka in this period, to show the regional aspects of the activity of old believers' priests in the field of state-confessional relations, their interaction with members of communities.

scholarly journals Intra-Church processes during the implementation of parish reform in the 1st half of the 1960s

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Zinchuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Nikita Khrushchev ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Church

The author describes in the article some important components and features of Church life in the period initiated by Nikita Khrushchev and known as the parish reform, which, among other things, was aimed at undermining the fi nancial base of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter referred to as the Church) in the USSR. It is noted that Stalin's post-war system of state-Church relations had a serious defect in the form of ineffective legal consolidation: in addition, after the end of the World War II, the question if the Soviet power praised Orthodoxy and other religions stood no longer disappeared. All this allowed Stalin's successors carrying out a number of serious measures aimed at weakening the Church. Khrushchev's religious policy differed from the persecution of the 1920s-1930s, because it included measures aimed at indirect destruction of Orthodoxy, primarily through administrative pressure on the clergy and laity. The parish reform, aimed at depriving deans of fi nancial powers and handing them over to churchwardens, appointed, in fact, by local authorities, which allowed to ruin churches and monasteries with compliance with the formalities of the regime's toleration, can be considered to be a typical manifestation of that trend.

scholarly journals Stalin's Hollow Cross-the Russian Orthodox Church as a Tool of Soviet Foreign Policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Jordan Hupka
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Church

It has been said that the Second World War saved the Russian Orthodox Church from extermination. Ever since the Revolution of 1917, the religious peoples of Russia were constantly persecuted by Soviet ideologists and politicians. Prior to Operation Barbarossa, in 1941, it seemed that the days of the Russian Orthodox Church, the largest religious institution in the Soviet Union, were numbered. However, the unique climate of the Second World War forced the Soviet government to end its war against the church. The Kremlin soon saw the Church as a useful tool to help aid in the re- occupation of Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Russian Orthodox Church in Armenia: General Points of Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Kseniya Makarova ◽  
Michael Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Current State ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The present research featured the public diplomacy of Russia in Armenia. The paper focuses on the activity of the Russian Orthodox Church as an institute of civil society in the context of Russian public diplomacy. It describes mechanisms and instruments used by religious organizations in Armenia. The research objective was to analyze the presence of the Russian Orthodox Church in Armenia as a special part of Russian public diplomacy mechanism. The authors employed analysis and synthesis to get a complex presentation of the subject, as well as induction and deduction to interpret facts. The historical method was used to study the phenomenon in its development. The network approach was used to study the current state of the phenomenon. The activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in Armenia is represented as part of Russian public diplomacy, which creates favorable conditions for achieving Russian foreign diplomacy goals. The results of the research can be used for studying principles and mechanisms of Russian public diplomacy. In conclusion, the authors claim that involvement of the Russian Orthodox Church in Russian public diplomacy can decrease the tension in Armenian public sphere. The tension is caused by various pseudo-religious movements that interfere with the restructuring of the local confessional space. Therefore, there is a growing need in a closer interaction between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armenian apostolic church.

Русская Православная Церковь, Русская Православная Церковь заграницей, Российский Императорский Дом Романовых. История взаимоотношений после революции 1917 г.

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-55
Author(s):  
N.(.S.V.). Hieromonch
Keyword(s):  
Special Focus ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
History Of

История отношений после революции 1917 года В этой статье затрагивается весьма спорный вопрос отношения между церковью и гражданскими властями. Значительный период в истории с 535 г. (6й роман императора Юстиниан провозглашает принцип симфонии ) до 2000 г. (год принятия Основы русского языка Православные общественные концепции ) приближается к автору в контекст рассмотрения монархии как предпочтительной формы правления. Статья описывает трагический период. Представлен Священный Синод Отношение Русской Православной Церкви к новым способам государственного бытия после революция 1917 года. Анализируются истории русского православия Зарубежная Церковь и формирование ее официальной позиции, согласно которой Вопрос о форме правления в России является исключительно церковным вопросом. Тщательно описаны обстоятельства, при которых Дом Романовых случилось после 1918 года: аспекты дальнейшей преемственности короны после смерть Николая II и царевича Алексея живым представителям Российский Императорский Дом и неоднозначные ответы РПЦЗ Антония (Храповицкого) и Патриарха Тихона для тех, кто имеет решающее значение ради Симфония власти . Особое внимание уделяется проекту Позиционирование российского Православная Церковь , разработчик Кирилл Владимирович Романов, Первоиерарх РПЦЗ и глава династии Романовых. Основной целью документа было регулировать отношения между патриархом и императором восстановленного русского Empire. Особое внимание также уделяется истории легитимации главы Российский Императорский Дом при Архиереях РПЦЗ и других приходах. Внимательно после развития отношений между Домом Романовых и Русская православная церковь от революционных событий 1917 года до Вторая мировая война Автор приходит к выводу, что монархизм, как доктрина основанный на многовековых традициях и ссылающийся на происхождение божества, гораздо больше естественным для принятия церковью, чем для любой другой формы правления.The History of Relations After the 1917 Revolution The article touches upon a highly debatable question of relations between Church and civil authorities. A significant period in history from 535 (the 6th Novel of Emperor Justinian declaring the symphony principle) up to 2000 (the year of adoption of the Basic principles of Russian Orthodox Social Concepts ) is approached by the author I the context of addressing monarchy as the preferable form of government. The article depicts a tragic period. Represented is the Holy Synods of the Russian Orthodox Church attitude towards the new ways of state being after the revolution of 1917. Analyzed are the history of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and the formation of its official position according to which the question of the form of government in Russia is a solely churchly issue. Carefully described are the circumstances in which the House of Romanov happened to be after 1918: aspects of further succession of the crown after the death of Nikolay II and Tsarevich Alexei to the living representatives of the Russian Imperial House and mixed responses of the ROCA (Metropolitan Antony (Khrapovitsky)) and Patriarch Tikhon to those crucial for the sake of symphony of authorities . Special attention is dedicated to the project of Positioning of the Russian Orthodox Church developed by Kirill Vladimirovich Romanov, First Hierarch of ROCA and Head of Romanov Dynasty. The documents main purpose was to regulate relations between the Patriarch and the Emperor of the restored Russian Empire. Special focus lies as well on the history of legitimization of the Head of the Russian Imperial House by hierarchs of ROCA and other congregations. Carefully following the development of relations between the House of Romanovs and Russian Orthodox Church starting from the revolutionary events of 1917 up to World War Two the author comes to a conclusion that monarchism, as a doctrine based on centuriesold traditions and referring to Devine origin, is much more natural for Church acceptance then any other form of government.

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