The relationship between the President of the Republic of Kosovo and the Assembly in general and in particular in the time period 2011-2016

The Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo in its basic provisions has defined the form of government and separation of state powers, as a fundamental principle of democracy, where the President of the Republic of Kosovo is not part of any of the state powers, but the constitutional powers he exercises affect that he has connections with all state powers. This paper addresses the relation of the President of the Republic of Kosovo with the legislative power, including the exercise of some of his constitutional powers, namely the convening of the constitutive session of the Assembly, the dissolution of the Assembly and the annual speech of the President in the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo. The above-mentioned competencies, in addition to the theoretical aspect, are also analyzed in the practical aspect when these constitutional competencies of the President were materialized by President Jahjaga during the mandate 2011-2016. Also, the political stalemate and the actions taken by the President, Mrs. Atifete Jahjaga for his overcoming, criticisms and recommendations of the European Commission in the Progress Reports regarding the political stalemate in the country. since the declaration of Kosovo as an independent state in 2008, it has managed to complete a full constitutional mandate, five years, unlike its predecessors and successors until 2019. Therefore, this paper aims to elaborate the exercise of some constitutional powers and the practice of one of the most important constitutional institutions in the Republic of Kosovo, that of the President of the Republic of Kosovo.

Empires and Nations in the Modern World: Shifting Political Orders

This essay traces the path of empires and nations as forms of governance, the eventual predominance of nations and disappearance of empires, and the contemporary interplay of large and small nations as the dominant form of global governance. It also gives attention to the rise of capitalist economic organization as a factor expanding empires and later encouraging nationhood. The essay emphasizes two stages in the emergence of nations: the emergence in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries of nations and eventually of the great powers, and the post-1945 emergence of nations as the universal form of government, consisting mostly of small powers, linked by the United Nations.

The analysis of the hashtag #Jokowi404NotFound on Twitter in protesting mural removal in the public sphere

The removal of mural looking like President Joko Widodo's face with the words 404 Not Found triggered a wide range of reactions from the public, including some on Twitter, who saw the action as an anti-critical form of government. As a result, the hashtag #Jokowi404notfound became a popular topic and was used over 11,000 times on August 14, 2021. The purpose of this study is to look at how people use the hashtag #Jokowi404notfound on Twitter to protest the removal of murals. In August 2021, this study takes a qualitative approach, collecting data in the form of observation of media texts on Twitter's public timeline. According to the findings of this study, the hashtag #Jokowi404notfound was used to protest the government's anti-critical decision to remove murals as a form of suppression of individual freedom. When the public interest is at stake and the movement is mobilized by Twitter activists with large social media followings, the hashtag activism movement has the potential to drive and influence government policy. Messages to the government are also conveyed using various styles of language.

Licensing Service Efficiency in Bandung City

The public service system is determined by the standardization of public services regulated in laws and regulations. Therefore, a common perception is needed between the bureaucratic apparatus and the community in terms of service delivery, especially in the investment sector in order to improve the performance of investment services both at the central and regional levels. Licensing is an instrument of government policy to control negative externalities that may be caused by social and economic activities. Permits are also an instrument for efficient and fair allocation of public goods, preventing information asymmetry, and legal protection of ownership or operation of activities. As an instrument of control, licensing requires clear rationality and is stated in the form of government policy as a reference. Without rationality and a clear policy design, licensing will lose its meaning as an instrument for defending the interests of the community over individual actions. Problems in the field of licensing in the city of Bandung, namely licensing services in the city of Bandung which have been implemented since 2001 are still considered ineffective, so that the performance of licensing services is still low. To carry out business licensing properly, a comprehensive analysis is needed to simplify licensing (Abolish, Combine, Simplified, Decentralized).

CULTURE AND ACCOUNTABILITY

The purpose of the present paper is to explore the relationship between the level of accountability and political culture. In doing so, we do not simply rely on a conceptualization of (political) culture as religion or religious denominations, but also as civicness, familism, secularism and post¬materialism. The results of our data analyses suggest two broad considerations: first, that culture matters and, second, that some aspects of culture are more important than others. Specifically our data analyses reveal that accountability is more sensitive to civicness, post-materialism, and years of democratic rule than it is to familism or the pervasiveness of Christianity. Finally, our data analyses reveal that these facets of (political) culture have a greater impact on accountability than some institutional factors such as the form of government.

Technology-Based Learning Innovation In the Pandemic Covid-19

This article aims to analyze and describe technology-based learning innovations during the pandemic Covid-19. Learning innovations are expected to provide solutions and prevention of Covid-19. The research method used is qualitative research with a literature review method. Data collection was carried out by tracing various sources in the form of government documents, mass media, and relevant research results previously analyzed using policy research and supported by the results of interviews with several elementary school students. Data analysis using Content Analysis. The results of this study indicate that government policies in tackling the spread of the corona virus (Covid-19) have an impact on the emergence of new concepts related to technology-based learning innovations that can be applied. These learning innovations include Learning from Home: Collaboration between schools and parents, learning as an opportunity as well as a challenge, and the innovation of the Blended Learning learning model. It is hoped that these innovations can provide optimal results and can increase collaboration between parents, teachers, and the government in order to realize quality education and be able to compete globally. Technology-based learning innovation is expected not only to take place during the pandemic Covid-19, but can be applied after Covid-19 ends for more advanced and quality education.

Legal foundations of criminal law against mass riots at the stages of the emergence and development of the Russian centralized state

The article presents the author’s vision of the origin and development of the legal foundations of criminal law countering mass riots. It has been determined that riots have accompanied humanity since its inception. The formation of criminal law mechanisms for countering mass riots has a long and multi-stage path of formation and formation, taking into account the specifics of the development of Russian society and the state. At the stage of the formation of the centralized Russian state, acts with signs of mass disorder belonged to a group of crimes that infringe on the interests of the state. The concept of “raiser” was introduced into the official circulation. These included persons calling or organizing uprisings against the current legitimate government. Further evolution of state institutions, within the framework of the Cathedral Code of 1649, made it possible to single out a group of state crimes, the system of which included acts with signs of mass disorder. In the historical period under consideration, the acts classified as mass disorders by their objective nature under the conditions of the monarchical form of government were primarily aimed at the established state order. The study also points to an inextricable link and similarity in a number of legally significant characteristics of mass riots with extremist activities.

Russian statehood in 1917: a change in the paradigm of development (to the 105th anniversary of the February Revolution in Russia)

The article examines the most problematic and interesting, from the author’s point of view, events and facts that had a cardinal impact on the development of Russian statehood in the period between the February and October revolutions of 1917. The relevance of the study of these problems is primarily due to the growing interest of researchers in the events of 1917 in Russia as a turning point in national history, as well as the understanding of possible alternatives to the development of the state and legal system of the Russian state at various stages of its existence. Based on the analysis of the complex of sources, the following conclusions are made: 1) the events of the February Revolution profoundly affected the course of development of the national statehood; 2) the republican form of government in Russia in 1917 turned out to be quite a promising innovation, however, the government found complete helplessness in solving pressing issues; 3) the reforms carried out by the Provisional Government in March – October 1917, for the most part remained declarative and were never implemented; 4) the construction of bourgeois republican statehood was not completed due to the October Revolution of 1917 and the overthrow of the Provisional Government. At the same time, the very attempt to build a bourgeois-democratic statehood in the spring and autumn of 1917 had a huge moral and symbolic significance. It was a kind of precedent in the domestic state-legal practice and laid a solid foundation for the formation of democracy and parliamentarism in modern Russia.

Perniagaan Bahari Sriwijaya Pada Masa Dinasti Song

This paper is a study of the book Chu-fan-chi compiled by Chau Ju-Kua (Zhao Rugua) from 1208 to 1224 or when he was an official at the customs office (Shi-po-shi) of Quanzhou Port. Chu-fan-chi can be considered as documentation of the Trans-Asian maritime trade during the time of the Buddhist Cosmopolis. This period was an era that formed an Asia Civilization with the establishment of economic, political, cultural, and scientific cooperation that grew along with the development of Hindu-Buddhist Religion in the Sino-Indian region since the 7th century. This paper wants to provide an overview of how the conditions of trade routes and activities in Sriwijaya in the 10th to 13th centuries, which is the information from Chau Ju-Kua that describe the dynamic relationship between Sriwijaya and the Song Dynasty in the formation of maritime history and the spice trade in the archipelago. This study also aims to re-examine the bilateral relationship between China and Srivijaya during the heyday of the Buddhist Cosmopolitan period. This study is expected to redevelop historiographic studies of the Buddhist Cosmopolitan period. This study was compiled by collecting data from various historical and archaeological records and works that have been compiled in various secondary sources, especially from the records of Sinology scholars who have studied relics in the form of government reports, travel records, documentation, and journals originating from the Song Dynasty. According to a Chau Ju-Kua, Sriwijaya not just only sought to profit from the hectic trade traffic that crossed the Natuna Sea, Karimata Strait, Malacca Strait, and Sunda Straits, but Sriwijaya was also able to maintain the security and continuity of Trans-Asian trade traffic at that time.

Research into the Status of Special Administrative Regions in China

This article analyzes the legal status of special administrative regions in China. This type of territorial unit occupies a special place and has a specific legal status, which is especially noticeable in relations with the central authorities. The authors focus on the historical prerequisites for the formation of such a legal status and analyze the current situation. A special feature of this study is the research methodology, since a comprehensive analysis requires the use of a mixed research method. The conclusions reached by the authors can be used to formulate a new form of government.