scholarly journals O brincar para a criança com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA): possibilidade de intervenção da terapia ocupacional / Playing child with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD): possibility of occupational therapy intervention

Author(s):  
Geniele Severiano Da Silva ◽  
Flávia Regina Ribeiro Cavalcante Buffone

Introdução: O brincar é importante para o desenvolvimento saudável do ser brincante. Na criança com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) essa atividade encontra-se fragilizada em razão do desenvolvimento atípico e suas restrições de interação social. O brincar, além de ser considerada uma ocupação intrínseca da criança, vem sendo utilizado como ferramenta terapêutica com crianças com TEA, capaz de estimulá-las a interagirem com os pares, pois permite a construção do autoconhecimento e a aceitação da existência do outro, favorecendo o estabelecimento das relações emocionais e sociais. Objetivo: Investigar as contribuições do brincar como recurso terapêutico para o desenvolvimento da interação social de uma criança com TEA. Método: Estudo de caso observacional (antes e depois), do tipo descritivo e exploratório, com uma criança com diagnóstico de TEA. O procedimento do estudo se deu em três fases, denominadas como fase 1, 2 e 3. Fase 1 – Aplicação dos protocolos Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) e Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM); Fase 2 – Intervenção (utilização do brincar enquanto recurso terapêutico) e preenchimento do Roteiro de observação; e Fase 3 – Reavaliação por meio dos protocolos mencionados anteriormente. Resultados e Discussão: A criança apresentou evolução quanto a interagir com outras crianças, sair de parques, frequentar festas e compartilhar brinquedos, segundo a concepção da mãe. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados positivos obtidos neste estudo, sugere-se a realização de estudos de intervenção com metodologia adequada para confirmar a hipótese de que o brincar pode ser considerado um recurso eficaz na intervenção da Terapia Ocupacional em crianças com TEA.Palavras-chave: Brincar. Interação social. Terapia Ocupacional. Transtorno do Espectro Austista. AbstractIntroduction: Playing is important for the healthy development of being playful. In children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) this activity is weakened due to the atypical development and its restrictions on social interaction. Playing, in addition to being considered an intrinsic occupation of the child, has been used as a therapeutic tool with children with ASD, able to encourage them to interact with peers, since it allows the construction of self-knowledge and acceptance of the existence of the other, favoring the establishment of emotional and social relationships. Objective: To investigate the contributions of playing as a therapeutic resource for the development of social interaction in a child with ASD. Method: Observational case study (before and after), descriptive and exploratory, with a child diagnosed with ASD. The study procedure took place in three phases, called phases 1, 2 and 3. Phase 1 - Application of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) protocols; Phase 2 - Intervention (use of play as a therapeutic resource) and completion of the observation script; and Phase 3 - Reassessment using the previously mentioned protocols. Results and Discussion: The child evolved in terms of interacting with other children, leaving parks, attending parties and sharing toys, according to the mother's conception. Conclusion: Based on the positive results obtained in this study, it is suggested to carry out intervention studies with adequate methodology to confirm the hypothesis that playing can be considered an effective resource in the intervention of Occupational Therapy in children with ASD.Keywords: Play. Social interaction. Occupational therapy. Autistic Spectrum Disorder. ResumenIntrodución: Jugar es importante para el desarrollo saludable de la diversión. En los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) esta actividad se ve debilitada por el desarrollo atípico y sus restricciones en la interacción social. El juego, además de ser considerado una ocupación intrínseca del niño, se ha utilizado como una herramienta terapéutica con los niños con TEA, capaz de animarlos a interactuar con sus pares, ya que permite la construcción del autoconocimiento y la aceptación de la existencia del otro, favoreciendo la establecimiento de relaciones emocionales y sociales. Objetivo: Investigar los aportes del juego como recurso terapéutico para el desarrollo de la interacción social en un niño con TEA. Metodo: Estudio de caso observacional (antes y después), descriptivo y exploratorio, con un niño diagnosticado con TEA. El procedimiento del estudio se llevó a cabo en tres fases, denominadas fases 1, 2 y 3. Fase 1 - Aplicación de los protocolos de la Escala de Calificación del Autismo Infantil (CARS) y la Medida de Desempeño Ocupacional de Canadá (COPM); Fase 2 - Intervención (uso del juego como recurso terapéutico) y finalización del guión de observación; y Fase 3 - Reevaluación utilizando los protocolos mencionados anteriormente. Resultados y discusión: El niño evolucionó en términos de interactuar con otros niños, salir de los parques, asistir a fiestas y compartir juguetes, según la concepción de la madre. Conclusión: A partir de los resultados positivos obtenidos en este estudio, se sugiere realizar estudios de intervención con metodología adecuada para confirmar la hipótesis de que el juego puede considerarse un recurso eficaz en la intervención de Terapia Ocupacional en niños con TEA.Palabras clave: Juego. Interacción social. Terapia Ocupacional. Trastorno del espectro autista. 

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Sunartini Sunartini ◽  
Madarina Julia

Background: The worldwide prevalence of ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorder) during the last few years is increasing. The association between diet free of gluten and casein and improvement of autistic behaviors is still under questions.Objective: To study the association between the consump6tion of gluten and casein and the score of Childhood Autistic Rating Scale (CARS) in children with ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorder). The study also aimed at understanding mothers’ attitude toward the diet.Methods: This was a cross sectional study on 10 mothers of children suffering from ASD in a clinic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A dietician measured the consumptions of gluten and casein with scored food frequency questionnaire while experts in the clinic measured CARS. In-depth interviews were performed to capture the mothers’ attitude toward the diet.Result: There was a decrease in the mean score of consumption of gluten and casein before and after diagnoses of ASD, mean difference of 156.6 (125.2; 187.9), p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between the consumption score of gluten and casein and the decrease in the score of CARS (r= 0.274, p= 0.82). Mothers thought diet free of gluten and casein was associated with improvement of behaviors.Conclusion: Consumption of gluten and casein decreased after diagnosis of ASD. Mothers think diet free of gluten and casein improved their children’s behaviors.


2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Therese McNamee ◽  
Sandra Patton

Purpose This study aims to investigate teacher perspectives on teaching handwriting to children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and collaboration with occupational therapists. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive design was applied. Purpose-designed surveys were distributed to teachers of children with ASD (aged 4-12 years) in the Republic of Ireland. A response rate of 35 per cent (N = 75) was obtained, with 25 responses analysed using descriptive statistics of closed questions and content analysis of open-ended questions. Findings Of 139 children with ASD, 80 (58 per cent) were reported to have difficulties with handwriting. Teachers reported specific difficulties with pencil grasp, letter formation and task concept among the children with ASD. Fourteen (56 per cent, N = 25) respondents did not give handwriting as homework. Teachers valued occupational therapy advice, individualised programmes and ongoing consultation during implementation. Interest in occupational therapy education regarding handwriting was reported. Practical implications Occupational therapy collaboration to address handwriting difficulties for children with ASD should include involvement in teacher education, coordination of teacher–parent collaboration and the need for involvement in early intervention provision within an emergent literacy framework. Originality/value Handwriting development is challenging for children with ASD. There is limited information on teaching or teacher–occupational therapy collaborative practices to address handwriting difficulties of children with ASD.


Author(s):  
Kamila Gomes ◽  
◽  
Wihanna Franzoni ◽  
Alcyane Marinho ◽  
◽  
...  

This study analyze playful aquatic experiences in the facilitated by a non-governmental organization in Florianópolis (SC) for the social interaction of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study is qualitative approach, in which three field research instruments were used: systematic observation, participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Among the participants are five children with ASD, seven professionals and four family members. Among the results, the aspects intrinsic to the formatting of musical experiences acted as facilitators of moments of social interaction between children with TEA and OS, and three of these children demonstrate motivation to get involved and create games and interest in social interaction. In conclusion, the playful experiences made it possible for children to cultivate verbal or gestural communication skills and create bonds of trust with volunteers and other children.


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