Prenatal exposure to sodium valproate is associated with increased risk of childhood autism and autistic spectrum disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Wood
2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji J. Tsuchiya ◽  
Kaori Matsumoto ◽  
Taishi Miyachi ◽  
Masatsugu Tsujii ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakamura ◽  
...  

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported the association between advanced paternal age at birth and the risk of autistic-spectrum disorder in offspring, including offspring with intellectual disability.AimsTo test whether an association between advanced paternal age at birth is found in offspring with high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder (i.e. offspring without intellectual disability).MethodA case–control study was conducted in Japan. The participants consisted of individuals with full-scale IQ ⩾ 70, with a DSM–IV autistic disorder or related diagnosis. Unrelated healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Parental ages were divided into tertiles (i.e. three age classes). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression analyses, with an adjustment for age, gender and birth order.ResultsEighty-four individuals with autistic-spectrum disorder but without intellectual disability and 208 healthy controls were enrolled. Increased paternal, but not maternal, age was associated with an elevated risk of high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder. A one-level advance in paternal age class corresponded to a 1.8-fold increase in risk, after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsAdvanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk for high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder.


Author(s):  
Geniele Severiano Da Silva ◽  
Flávia Regina Ribeiro Cavalcante Buffone

Introdução: O brincar é importante para o desenvolvimento saudável do ser brincante. Na criança com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) essa atividade encontra-se fragilizada em razão do desenvolvimento atípico e suas restrições de interação social. O brincar, além de ser considerada uma ocupação intrínseca da criança, vem sendo utilizado como ferramenta terapêutica com crianças com TEA, capaz de estimulá-las a interagirem com os pares, pois permite a construção do autoconhecimento e a aceitação da existência do outro, favorecendo o estabelecimento das relações emocionais e sociais. Objetivo: Investigar as contribuições do brincar como recurso terapêutico para o desenvolvimento da interação social de uma criança com TEA. Método: Estudo de caso observacional (antes e depois), do tipo descritivo e exploratório, com uma criança com diagnóstico de TEA. O procedimento do estudo se deu em três fases, denominadas como fase 1, 2 e 3. Fase 1 – Aplicação dos protocolos Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) e Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM); Fase 2 – Intervenção (utilização do brincar enquanto recurso terapêutico) e preenchimento do Roteiro de observação; e Fase 3 – Reavaliação por meio dos protocolos mencionados anteriormente. Resultados e Discussão: A criança apresentou evolução quanto a interagir com outras crianças, sair de parques, frequentar festas e compartilhar brinquedos, segundo a concepção da mãe. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados positivos obtidos neste estudo, sugere-se a realização de estudos de intervenção com metodologia adequada para confirmar a hipótese de que o brincar pode ser considerado um recurso eficaz na intervenção da Terapia Ocupacional em crianças com TEA.Palavras-chave: Brincar. Interação social. Terapia Ocupacional. Transtorno do Espectro Austista. AbstractIntroduction: Playing is important for the healthy development of being playful. In children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) this activity is weakened due to the atypical development and its restrictions on social interaction. Playing, in addition to being considered an intrinsic occupation of the child, has been used as a therapeutic tool with children with ASD, able to encourage them to interact with peers, since it allows the construction of self-knowledge and acceptance of the existence of the other, favoring the establishment of emotional and social relationships. Objective: To investigate the contributions of playing as a therapeutic resource for the development of social interaction in a child with ASD. Method: Observational case study (before and after), descriptive and exploratory, with a child diagnosed with ASD. The study procedure took place in three phases, called phases 1, 2 and 3. Phase 1 - Application of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) protocols; Phase 2 - Intervention (use of play as a therapeutic resource) and completion of the observation script; and Phase 3 - Reassessment using the previously mentioned protocols. Results and Discussion: The child evolved in terms of interacting with other children, leaving parks, attending parties and sharing toys, according to the mother's conception. Conclusion: Based on the positive results obtained in this study, it is suggested to carry out intervention studies with adequate methodology to confirm the hypothesis that playing can be considered an effective resource in the intervention of Occupational Therapy in children with ASD.Keywords: Play. Social interaction. Occupational therapy. Autistic Spectrum Disorder. ResumenIntrodución: Jugar es importante para el desarrollo saludable de la diversión. En los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) esta actividad se ve debilitada por el desarrollo atípico y sus restricciones en la interacción social. El juego, además de ser considerado una ocupación intrínseca del niño, se ha utilizado como una herramienta terapéutica con los niños con TEA, capaz de animarlos a interactuar con sus pares, ya que permite la construcción del autoconocimiento y la aceptación de la existencia del otro, favoreciendo la establecimiento de relaciones emocionales y sociales. Objetivo: Investigar los aportes del juego como recurso terapéutico para el desarrollo de la interacción social en un niño con TEA. Metodo: Estudio de caso observacional (antes y después), descriptivo y exploratorio, con un niño diagnosticado con TEA. El procedimiento del estudio se llevó a cabo en tres fases, denominadas fases 1, 2 y 3. Fase 1 - Aplicación de los protocolos de la Escala de Calificación del Autismo Infantil (CARS) y la Medida de Desempeño Ocupacional de Canadá (COPM); Fase 2 - Intervención (uso del juego como recurso terapéutico) y finalización del guión de observación; y Fase 3 - Reevaluación utilizando los protocolos mencionados anteriormente. Resultados y discusión: El niño evolucionó en términos de interactuar con otros niños, salir de los parques, asistir a fiestas y compartir juguetes, según la concepción de la madre. Conclusión: A partir de los resultados positivos obtenidos en este estudio, se sugiere realizar estudios de intervención con metodología adecuada para confirmar la hipótesis de que el juego puede considerarse un recurso eficaz en la intervención de Terapia Ocupacional en niños con TEA.Palabras clave: Juego. Interacción social. Terapia Ocupacional. Trastorno del espectro autista. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Oktafian Farhan ◽  
Agus Subekti

Autisme merupakan disabilitas perkembangan yang dialami sepanjang hidup penderita Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Semakin cepat ditangani, semakin besar kemungkinan anak akan kembali normal. Untuk alasan ini, diperlukan metode baru yang dapat membantu orang tua dengan cepat mengenali gejala autisme pada anak-anak mereka. Dalam studi sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Fadi Fayez Tabhtah, suatu data set dihasilkan untuk mendeteksi apakah seorang anak memiliki autisme atau tidak. Tetapi penelitiannya hanya menghasilkan data set, ia tidak memeriksa lebih lanjut dimana algoritma cocok untuk data set yang telah dihasilkan. Atribut data set ternyata memiliki nilai yang salah, yang mengundang pertanyaan tentang keakurasian data. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode CRISP-DM dan menguji keakuratan data set penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan algoritma C.45. Selanjutnya, aplikasi WEKA menggunakan pemilihan fitur dan pengaruh dari nilai yang salah untuk setiap atribut dan menemukan atribut yang paling signifikan. Atribut-atribut ini kemudian diuji dengan algoritma C.45 sehingga model prediksi dari data set diperoleh. Atribut A6 dari perhitungan pohon keputusan tidak muncul sama sekali sebagai cabang. Sebuah model baru diperoleh di mana atribut A6 dihilangkan, sehingga ketika diukur oleh algoritma C.45, nilai akurasi yang lebih baik diperoleh. Hasil model baru kemudian diuji pada data kuesioner baru, yang menghasilkan prediksi yang tepat.


2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Khan ◽  
Shahida A. Khan ◽  
A.R. Narendra ◽  
Gohar Mushtaq ◽  
Solafa A. Zahran ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Claudia B. Pratesi ◽  
Alessandra Baeza Garcia ◽  
Riccardo Pratesi ◽  
Lenora Gandolfi ◽  
Mariana Hecht ◽  
...  

Studies have shown that children and adolescents with autism and their relatives present a high level of stress and more family problems, impacting parents’ and caregivers’ quality of life (QoL). Despite studies on this subject, there is no specific questionnaire to evaluate QoL in parents or caregivers of children and adolescents with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in Brazil. Therefore, this study’s primary purpose was to develop and validate a specific questionnaire to evaluate QoL in these individuals. The study was performed using the following steps: development of the ASD Parent/caregiver QoL questionnaire (autistic spectrum disorder parent/caregiver quality of life—ASDPC-QoL), subjective evaluation, validation of the questionnaire by the Delphi method, assessment of internal consistency, responsiveness, and reliability of the ASLPC-QoL, and administration of the questionnaire to 881 Brazilian ASD caregivers or parents. ASDPC-QoL comprises 28 questions divided into four domains (social, concerns, physical and mental health) with good psychometric properties (reproducibility, reliability, internal consistency, responsiveness, and validity). Our data showed that worries and physical health were the domains with the lowest scores in ASDPCA-QoL. ASDPCA-QoL did not differ among gender and age of child considering the total and all domains. Older participants (≥41 y/o) presented the best scores for social and worries domains but did not differ in other domains and the total. Parents or caregivers of ASD children diagnosed for more than three years have better mental and physical health domains than those recently diagnosed (up to 1 year) but did not differ in the total and other domains. Individuals with a partner and with the highest educational level present the best score for the social domain. Employed individuals showed better scores than unemployed ones for all domains and the total, except for worries, which did not differ. It also occurred comparing the individuals that do not use antidepressants and the ones that use them. Assessing and better understanding the QoL of caregivers is highly relevant. By understanding the social, worries, physical, and emotional health domains of caregivers, it is possible to track harmful aspects, prevent and treat pathologies, in addition to assisting in the implementation of effective public policies.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document