scholarly journals The great polarized game in the Indian Ocean: Options for US, China and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Sharin Shajahan Naomi ◽  
Syed Muhammad Saad Zaidi ◽  
Dr. Adam Saud
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Political Concern ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
India And China

Indian Ocean (IO) has occupied an overlapping space of political concern and maritime security due to increasing geo-strategic importance in the region. A competition has been noticed amongst key littoral states in the IO, particularly among United States, India and China. In this competing game, United States is found to be proactively supporting India to expand its influence on IO. On the other hand, China is developing trade and military relationship with other countries including Pakistan to demonstrate leverage on the IO region. This paper sheds light into this great polarized game and its implications for Pakistan. The study uses secondary data and adopts a critical approach largely based upon ‘realist’ paradigm to analyse and understand the role of the aforementioned key actors in the political developments of the region The study reveals that both India and China, are competing ferociously and forming alliances (India with USA and China with Pakistan) to establish regional hegemony. This competition, in turn, has greatly politically polarized the region and threatened peace and stability. In this context, Pakistan needs to carefully develop its strategy which will serve its aspiration to have a positive peaceful image in the global politics and serve strategic national interest.

scholarly journals Issues in Sino-Indian Relations: Implications for Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Fakhr Ul Munir ◽  
SanaUllah ◽  
Anila
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Dalai Lama ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Relations ◽  
India And China

India and China are the world's fast mounting economies influencing global politics affecting 2.5 billion of their subjects via their policies. Both states account for one-fifth of the total populace of the globe. Asia's overall progress, peace, prosperity and stability is directly influenced by the relations of these two Asian competitors. It is anticipated that by 2025, these states would be world's economies. However, bilateral disputes and enmity wield greater regional and global implications, which are intensely required to be resolved for the best and prosperous future. One of the most crucial aspects aggravating Sino-Indian relations is the asylum given to Dalai Lama and the status of Tibet. China has been assisting Pakistan economically and technically to build Gwadar Port, supporting Sri Lankan northern Hambantota Port, extending sustenance to Bangladesh's Chittagong Port, and furthering support to the Myanmar Port lying at the coastal region of the Indian Ocean. However, the strained relations for decades between India and China had given little space for healthy trade, increasing from 3 billion $ in 2000 to 20 billion $ in 2010.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
China And India ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
India And China ◽  
Excellent Resource

China and India are fast emerging as major powers of the Indo-Pacific. As their wealth, power, and interests expand, the two countries are increasingly coming into contact with each other in the maritime domain. This book is an excellent resource in understanding the evolving maritime security roles of India and China in the Indo-Pacific, mutual perceptions of those countries in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), and how they are likely to interact as major maritime powers in the coming decades....

India and China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Medcalf
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
India And China

Rory Medcalf is Australia’s most prominent commentator on the Indo-Pacific region, and has played an important role in popularizing the concept throughout the region. In this chapter, he explores the forces that are leading to a greater Chinese naval presence in the Indian Ocean and India’s options in responding to that presence. Medcalf argues that for India, and for other resident powers of the Indian Ocean, the accelerated arrival of China as a security player should be cause neither for panic nor complacency. There is still scope to ensure that China in the Indian Ocean becomes neither destabilizingly defensive nor dangerously dominant. In particular, India needs to take the initiative in building maritime security cooperation with a range of capable Indian Ocean-going powers that are well-disposed to its rise in order to create a stable strategic environment in which China will play an important role.

Maritime strategy of Pakistan: Development and future prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Gleb G. Makarevich
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Maritime Strategy ◽  
Historical Methods

The Indian Ocean accounts half of the world's container shipments, two-thirds of oil product shipments and a third of bulk cargo. Pakistan as a significant regional power laying claims to a higher role in regional trade. But it demands effective naval forces capable of resisting both traditional (possible blockade of Pakistan's seaports if an armed conflict with India takes place) and non-traditional threats (piracy in the Strait of Hormuz). The article examines the evolution of Pakistan's naval strategy from the moment of gaining independence to the present day. The article provides a brief historical overview of the development of the country's naval strategy, analyzes the place of the Pakistani Navy in the armed forces, their role in the implementation of the China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC), considers Pakistan's initiatives in the field of regional maritime security, as well as the processes of modernizing the fleet. The author believes that the role of the Navy in Pakistan's grand strategy will only increase due to both economic and regional security factors. The author claims that the role of the maritime strategy and the Pakistani Navy in the country's foreign policy will increase, which is explained by the need to ensure maritime security to implement the key economic project of the CPEC, as well to build a regional security system in the Indian Ocean resistant to all types of threats. The author invokes historical methods to analyze the evolution of Pakistani maritime strategy and hermeneutics to consider the current development of the strategy and its prospects.

scholarly journals Sub-regional Maritime Security Challenges: A Cooperative Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Udai Rao
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Cooperative Approach ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Security Challenge ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
India And China

The Indian Ocean Region has today emerged as the most important region of strategic concern. With India and China trying to establish their clout over this region and using it to propel themselves to the title of a Superpower. Indian Ocean becomes an interesting site for maritime security studies. This article attempts to trace the different areas of concern for all the stakeholders involved in the management of this sub-regional maritime security challenge. Maritime cooperation and security would ensure secure and safe seas which in turn would allow resurgence of our economies in a mutually beneficial manner. The sub-regional grouping with Maldives and Sri Lanka has to transcend beyond the South Asia sphere,  encompassing  Seychelles and Mauritius and would be a ‘Bottom Up Approach’ to shaping the maritime strategic environment in the Indian ocean.

Universalizing the Indian Ocean

PMLA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Media ◽  
Media Audiences ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
United States Imperialism ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
Global Influence ◽  
India And China

In 1966 Auguste Toussaint, the Mauritian Archivist, Wrote One of the First Histories of the Indian Ocean, a Topic he Described as “neglected” (1). Four decades on, circumstances have shifted, and the Indian Ocean now compels our attention. Audacious Somali pirates astound international media audiences. The new economic superpowers, India and China, exert palpable global influence. Their internecine competition plays itself out in the Indian Ocean, where the two Asian powers squabble for control of shipping lanes and oil supplies and for dominance of African markets and minerals (Vines and Oruitemeka; Broadman). Al-Qaeda continues to operate around the Indian Ocean littoral: its targets have included United States interests in Tanzania, Kenya, Comoros, Indonesia, and Yemen. United States imperialism itself persists in the Indian Ocean world, waning in Iraq but entrenched in Diego Garcia, the United States-occupied atoll from which bombing raids on Afghanistan and Iraq were launched.

scholarly journals Maritime Security Cooperation: From Mistrust to Trust in the Indian Ocean Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Bhagya Senaratne
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Maritime Domain Awareness

Home to one fifth of the world’s waterbody, the Indian Ocean is abundant with a variety of mineral and biological resources. As the ocean space housing one of the world’s busiest shipping routes, it is crucial that its natural resources and its environment are safeguarded. In ancient times, this ocean space has been an area of great cooperation, however, in present times the Indian Ocean has been largely confounded by distrust. The problem under study in this research was: even though the Indian Ocean Region is an extremely important and highly utilised ocean space that a vast majority of the world relies on, there is inadequate cooperation between the littoral states as well as the extra-regional states in ensuring the waterbody is safe. As such, the objectives of this research were to analyse why there is inadequate cooperation within the Indian Ocean Region; and to analyse how the Indian Ocean littoral countries and its users can cooperate with one another in ensuring maritime security cooperation. Primary sources for the qualitative research included policy documents and correspondence whilst secondary data included newspaper articles, reputed journals and websites. The data gathered from these sources were coded to derive the analysis in this research. As present challenges are diverse and dynamic, countries are singularly unable to ensure ocean spaces are safe unless they have shared intelligence and information from a variety of stakeholders. The paper argues that Maritime Domain Awareness enables intelligence sharing, as well as in exchanging capabilities and resources. In conclusion, there are many avenues for maritime security cooperation in the Indian Ocean such as by sharing capabilities, resources and skills. It can also cooperate to eliminate non-traditional security threats, which affects both the littoral states as well as the users of the Indian Ocean.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CASE STUDY OF 2012 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKES ON THAILAND’S

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.

Managing Maritime Competition between India and China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingdong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Emerging Powers ◽  
India And China

This chapter provides a perspective on China’s growing security presence in the Indian Ocean and the strategic imperatives behind it and then India’s responses to these initiatives. The author argues that despite the apparent threats this presence presents to India, there are approaches that India and China can explore to reduce the risk of conflict. Jingdong Yuan also reviews China’s growing security presence in the Indian Ocean and the strategic imperatives behind it and India’s responses to these initiatives. Yuan argues that it is imperative that policymakers in both New Delhi and Beijing make concerted efforts to ensure that these two emerging powers can manage, if not completely avoid, their overlapping interests and ever-closer encounters in the Indian Ocean.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document