Autoimmune thyroid disease in diabetic children and adolescents: a single center study from south Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1804-1807
Author(s):  
Waqas Imran Khan ◽  
Erum Afzal ◽  
Sajjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Diabetic Children

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in diabetic children in south Punjab. Methods: This was an observational cross sectional study from Jan 2019 to Dec 2019 in the outpatient diabetic clinic of the department of pediatric endocrinology at Children Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Multan. A total of 161 consecutive patients of both genders with TIDM were enrolled in this study after taking informed consent. Blood samples for Thyroid functions testes including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4), Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level were sent. Results: Among diabetic children males were 83 (51.6%). Age range was 2-15 years. Mean age and standard deviation was 9.7± 4.3. TPO-Ab was positive in 34 patients (21.1%) and TG-Ab in 27 patients (16.7%), whereas both antibodies were positive in 17 patients (10.5%). Six patients (3.7%) had evidence of subclinical hypothyroidism, 8 patients (4.9%) had overt hypothyroidism and 1 patient (0.62%) had hyperthyroidism Conclusion: The prevalence of AITD among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus was 21.1% in our study. Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in these children compared to hyperthyroidism. All diabetic children should be screened for AITD. Thyroid functions should be checked where TPO antibody is positive. Keywords: Autoimmune thyroid disease, anti thyroid peroxidase antibody, anti thyroglobulin Continuous...

scholarly journals Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Potentially Reversible Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Correia ◽  
Inês B. Marques ◽  
Rogério Ferreira ◽  
Lívia Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Diagnostic Workup ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Reversible Condition ◽  
Cognitive Disturbance

Autoimmune thyroid disease may occasionally associate with unspecific neurological symptoms, which are more commonly insidious, include cognitive or behavioural symptoms, and may associate with tremor, myoclonus, or ataxia. We report a 61-year-old female patient who presented with chronic headache, insidious mood, and cognitive disturbance which evolved in a few months to dementia associated with exuberant limb myoclonus. Diagnostic workup revealed high anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody titers and an inflammatory CSF profile, and it was negative for other possible etiologies. Treatment with steroids induced significant improvement. The diagnosis of encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease is still controversial given the fact that the clinical presentation and diagnostic workup are unspecific, the pathophysiology is still undetermined, and the diagnosis is mostly of exclusion. No direct correlation is found between anti-thyroid antibody titers and clinical presentation, and it is currently speculated that other still unrecognized antibodies may be responsible for this clinical entity. It is extremely important to recognize this entity because it is potentially treatable with immunotherapies. It is also increasingly recognized that clinical improvement with first-line treatment with steroids may be absent or incomplete, and other immunotherapies as immunosuppressants, intravenous immunoglobulin, or plasma exchange must be attempted in the clinical suspicion of EEAT.

Geographical distribution of subclinical autoimmune thyroid disease in Britain: A study using highly sensitive direct assays for autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Prentice ◽  
David I. W. Phillips ◽  
Deborah Sarsero ◽  
Karen Beever ◽  
Sandra M. McLachlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibody ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Abstract. In order to determine whether the geographical distribution of autoimmune thyroid disease in Britain is influenced by the pattern of iodine intake, the prevalence of subclinical disease (detectable antithyroid antibodies in biochemically euthyroid individuals) has been measured in female blood donors from seven towns in England and Wales previously characterised in terms of past and present iodine intake. Thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody were measured by highly sensitive assays which are based on the direct interaction between antibody and radiolabelled antigen. Excluding cases of overt thyroid disease (biochemically hypo- or hyperthyroid with thyroid antibodies), the overall prevalences of the antibodies in sera from the 698 female blood donors were 17.8% for thyroglobulin antibody and 17.8% for thyroid peroxidase antibody. Both antibodies were found in 12.3% of the female blood donors. In contrast, the prevalences of thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody were 41 and 43%, respectively, in the 117 female relatives of 18 probands with autoimmune thyroid disease, but the highest prevalences were observed in groups of women patients with Graves' disease (N = 39) or Hashimoto's disease (N = 39) (51, and 97% for thyroglobulin antibody, respectively, and 72 and 97% for thyroid peroxidase antibody, respectively). Antibody prevalence increased with age in the female blood donors rising from 10.6% at age 18-24 to 30.3% at age 55-64 for thyroglobulin antibody and from 14.9% at age 18-24 to 24.2% at age 55-64 for thyroid peroxidase antibody. Geographical differences in the prevalences of both antibodies were not significant and did not correlate with either the previous goitre prevalence or with current differences in iodine intake. Consequently, it seems unlikely that environmental factors play a major role in the development of subclinical autoimmune thyroid disease in the geographical areas studied.

scholarly journals Frequent detection of thyroid peroxidase-specific IgG+ memory B cells in blood of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 3126-3132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Leyendeckers ◽  
Eberhard Voth ◽  
Harald Schicha ◽  
Nicolas Hunzelmann ◽  
Paul Banga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Specific Igg

The Antibody Response in Human Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. McIntosh ◽  
M. Suhail Asghar ◽  
Anthony P. Weetman
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Autoantigens ◽  
Reactive Antibody ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

1. The analysis of the antibody response in autoimmune thyroid disease has followed several historical trends. It was the investigation of thyroid-reactive antibody that allowed the initial characterization of the three principle thyroid autoantigens, thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase and the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor. 2. Analysis can be grouped under two broad areas: analysis of the physiological and pathological effects of the antibody, and analysis of the structure of the antibodies themselves. This review will focus on the latter. 3. Within recent years there has been a great increase in knowledge of thyroid-reactive antibody structure, principally through the adoption of phage display combinatorial library methodologies. While this latter technique has established some general principles for antibodies to thyroglobin and especially thyroid peroxidase, there is still a substantial gap in our knowledge of the antibody response to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor. 4. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies have a relatively restricted V-region usage, and there is a correlation between the V-regions used and the epitope on thyroid peroxidase bound. In particular the Vκ light chain, Vκl(O12), is associated with reactivity to one epitope. 5. The purpose of this review is to bring together the latest results concerning the molecular analysis of the antibody response in autoimmune thyroid disease, to highlight areas of ignorance and conflict, and to discuss the methods adopted to circumvent the problems associated with analysis of the antibody response.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document