scholarly journals A Bayesian approach to assess the status of Southern Hemipshere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) with an application to Breeding Stock G

2020 ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Susan J. Johnston ◽  
Alexandre N. Zerbini ◽  
Doug S. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
The Status

The Bayesian stock assessment methodology presently being applied in the Comprehensive Assessment of the Southern Hemisphere humpbackwhales, which uses a sex- and age-aggregated population model, is detailed. This methodology is applied to Breeding Stock G, which winters offthe west coast of South America. This application takes into account the recently updated historic catch series, as well as the most recent estimatesof absolute abundance and population trend information.

scholarly journals Exploring the assumptions of multi-stock assessment models for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Southern Hemisphere: using Breeding Stocks D and E as an example

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Rebecca Leaper ◽  
Samantha Peel ◽  
David Peel ◽  
Nick Gales
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Simple Simulation ◽  
Feeding Area

There is potential value in exploring multi-stock models to address situations where humpback stocks are mixing. However, sensitivity to the assumptions underlying these models has yet to be fully explored. Using a simple simulation approach, the assumptions of a population model that allows for mixing of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) stocks D and E on feeding areas has been explored by relaxing the assumptions of the original Johnston and Butterworth model in a number of plausible ways. First the ability of the model to estimate parameters was checked for a situation where simulated data are generated from an underlying model of exactly the same form for which the actual values of these parameters are known (Scenario 1). Then the ability of the model to estimate these parameters when alternative forms and assumptions were used for the underlying model generating the data was investigated. Specifically, stocks were allowed to mix non-uniformly across each feeding area and catch was non-uniformly distributed across each feeding area (Scenario 2). The consequences of density dependence implemented on feeding rather than breeding areas (Scenario 3) were also examined. The original mixing model was robust to alternate mixing and catch allocation scenarios in all but one of the simulations, but when density dependence acted at the level of the feeding rather than the breeding areas, the model produced estimates that were quite different from the underlying population. It is recommend that the inclusion of density dependence on feeding areas in models that allow for mixing of whales on these grounds be investigated further.

scholarly journals HARVARD'S METEOROLOGICAL WORK ON THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA

Science ◽  
1898 ◽  
Vol 7 (160) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
R. DeC. WARD
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The West

Tidal Investigations on the West Coast of South America

1943 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
H. A. Marmer
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The West

scholarly journals The tadpole of Hypsiboas atlanticus (Anura, Hylidae) from northeastern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe A. C. do Nascimento ◽  
Marcelo G. de Lima ◽  
Gabriel O Skuk ◽  
Rafael O. de Sá
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Single Row ◽  
The Status

The tadpole of Hypsiboas atlanticus (Caramaschi & Velosa, 1996) is described from the municipality of Maceió, State of Alagoas, Brazil. At stage 36 the larvae have an overall elliptical body in lateral and dorsal views, oral disc anteroventral, spiracular tube sinistral, and labial tooth row formula 2(1,2)/3(1). The oral disc is surrounded, almost completely (anterior medial gap present) by a single row of marginal papillae. Described tadpoles of the H. punctatus species group can be differentiated by a combined disc oral features. Additional descriptions of H. punctatus (Schneider, 1799) tadpoles from populations throughout South America may be helpful in determining the status of these populations.

The Status of Economic Entomology in Peru

1929 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
George N. Wolcott
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
The South ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status

The map of South America shows Peru as a rather long, narrow country, broadening at the north, and presumably tropical in climate judging by its position just south of the Equator, but with high mountains close to the coast. But it does not show the cold ocean current coming from the south—the Humboldt Current—or ar least we are not accustomed to noticing such presumably minor features, even though in the case of Peru, this is equal in importance with the mountains in determining the climate of the country and every factor that the climate may affect.

scholarly journals Morphology and distribution of the freshwater mussel Diplodon granosus, a rare and poorly understood species

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Christo MIYAHIRA ◽  
Maria Cristina Dreher MANSUR ◽  
Daniel Mansur PIMPÃO ◽  
Sheyla Regina Marques COUCEIRO ◽  
Sonia Barbosa dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Rivers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACT Diplodon granosus was one of the first freshwater mussels to be described for South America. However, the status of the species was confusing for a long time, receiving different taxonomic treatments. In this paper, we redescribe the shell, with new data on the soft parts and information on the distribution and conservation of D. granosus, a rarely recorded species. The shell is thin, not inflated; the macrosculpture is composed only by granules that cover the whole shell, not forming bars; the microsculpture comprises short spikes. In the soft parts we highlight the few, weak and irregularly distributed lamellar connections of the outer demibranch and some features of the stomach, such as the distally enlarged minor typhlosole. There are records of D. granosus over a large area of South America, from Guiana to Argentina. However, most of these records are related to other species and the distribution of D. granosus is restricted to the north of South America in the basins of the Amazonas and Orinoco rivers, and coastal rivers in between. Despite this wide distribution, the species occurs in specific habitats, mainly streams (igarapés), resulting in an extremely fragmented occurrence. Thus, any disturbance to these habitats can threat this freshwater mussel.

scholarly journals Gender, Museums and Science: Wanda Hanke’s Ethnological Collections (1933–1958)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana M. O. Sombrio
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Natural History Museums ◽  
Extensive Data ◽  
History Museums ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Medicine And Philosophy ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Scientists

Abstract This paper will explore the significance of the expeditions under- taken by Wanda Hanke (1893-1958) in South America, of the networks she established in the region, as well as of her contributions to ethnological studies, in particular her compilation of extensive data and collections. Through Hanke's experience, it is possible to elucidate aspects of the history of ethnology and that of the history of museums in Brazil, as well as to emphasize the status of female participation in these areas. Wanda Hanke spent 25 years of her life studying the indigenous groups of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay and collecting ethnological objects for natural history museums. Trained in medicine and philosophy, she began to dedicate herself to ethnological studies in her forties, and she travelled alone, an uncommon characteristic among female scientists in the 1940s, in Brazil.

scholarly journals A description and summary of the Antarctic Humpback Whale Catalogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Judith Allen ◽  
Carole Carlson ◽  
Peter T. Stevick
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
The Antarctic

The Antarctic Humpback Whale Catalogue (AHWC) is an international collaborative project investigating movement patterns of humpback whales in the Southern Ocean and corresponding lower latitude waters. The collection contains records contributed by 261 researchers and opportunistic sources. Photographs come from all of the Antarctic management areas, the feeding grounds in southern Chile and also most of the known or suspected low-latitude breeding areas and span more than two decades. This allows comparisons to be made over all of the major regions used by  Southern Hemisphere humpback whales. The fluke, left dorsal fin/flank and right dorsal fin/flank collections represent 3,655, 413 and 407 individual whales respectively. There were 194 individuals resighted in more than one year, and 82 individuals resighted in more than one region. Resightings document movement along the western coast of South America and movement between the Antarctic Peninsula and western coast of South America and Central America. A single individual from Brazil was resighted off South Georgia, representing the first documented link between the Brazilian breeding ground and any feeding area. A second individual from Brazil was resighted off Madagascar, documenting long distance movement of a female between non-adjacent breeding areas. Resightings also include two matches between American Samoa and the Antarctic Peninsula, documenting the first known feeding site for American Somoa and setting a new long distance seasonal migration record. Three matches between Sector V and eastern Australia support earlier evidence provided by Discovery tags. Multiple resightings of individuals in the Antarctic Peninsula during more than one season indicate that humpback whales in this area show some degree of regional feeding area fidelity. The AHWC provides a powerful non-lethal and non-invasive tool for investigating the movements and population structure of the whales utilising the Southern Ocean Sanctuary. Through this methodical, coordinated comparison and maintenance of collections from across the hemisphere, large-scale movement patterns may be examined, both within the Antarctic, and from the Antarctic to breeding grounds at low latitudes.

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