IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES ON WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN MENA REGION

The focus on ICT as means of empowering women has gained momentum. Their potential is paralleled by their rapid development that extends into all aspects of life. Conducting our analysis on aggregate macroeconomic data taken from the World Bank database, we deploy an econometric panel data approach to capture the impact of ICT on women's economic empowerment in 18 MENA countries between 2000 and 2019, using ARDL panel estimates. The results reveal the existence of a long-term cointegrating relationship between the variables. In addition, the impact of all the variables is significant in the long run, while in the short run their impact is not significant. Mobile phone subscriptions and internet users have a positive impact in the long run; however, fixed telephone subscriptions and fixed broadband subscriptions have a negative impact‎.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH E-COMMERCE TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

Bina Ekonomi ◽

10.26593/be.v22i1.3619.45-64 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 43-62

Author(s):

Rr. Getha Fety Dianari

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Internet Users ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Transaction Value ◽

The Impact

The rapid development of information and communication technology has caused the emergence of a new economy, indicated by the phenomenon of internet-based businesses or e-commerce. This research uses the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to analyzes the impact of e-commerce on Indonesia’s economic growth in 1996-2015. The results show that the development of e-commerce as represented by the increase of the number of e-commerce transaction value, the increase of the number of business websites, and the number of internet users is proven to bring positive impact on Indonesia’s economic growth. This validates the hypothesis which states the increasing number of e-commerce transaction value, which is formed by the interaction between business websites as the supply indicator and the internet users as the demand indicator, shall bring enhancement to the intensity of macroeconomic activities. However, the effect is only significant for the long-run relationship but is not significant in the short-run relationship. Keywords: e-commerce; economic growth; ARDL

Download Full-text

HIGHER EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN

Pakistan Journal of Education ◽

10.30971/pje.v27i1.145 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tariq Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Economic Growth ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Public Expenditures ◽

Annual Data ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

The Impact ◽

Education And Economic Growth

This paper highlights the role of higher education for the economic growth inPakistan. We explore the impact of increase in enrolment at tertiary level on thegrowth rate of income per worker. Estimating a growth model developed byMankiv et. al. (1992), using the annual data of Pakistan, we find a robustrelationship between higher education and economic growth in the long run. Themodel has also shown that investment in fixed capital has positive impact oneconomic uplift. Applying Johansen’s cointegration test, we show that the longrun elasticity of income with respect to capital stock is different from its share inGDP, and increase in the enrolment per unit of effective worker helps inbolstering economic growth. But, like earlier literature we also find statisticallyinsignificant relationship between higher education and GDP per worker. Thereare some fundamental reasons concerning to the ambiguous impact of investingin human capital on economic growth, particularly in the short run in case ofPakistan. First, the sharp increase in enrollment, recently, has been damaging thequality of education. Second, the unequal distribution of educational services hasheld back the efficiency of public expenditures, particularly before the reformsundertaken by higher education commission. Third, the low private return ofeducation has limited the demand for higher education in Pakistan for almost fiftyyears.

Download Full-text

Does Inflation Reduce Air Pollution? Evidence from Indonesia

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131701068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 317 ◽

pp. 01068

Author(s):

Andryan Setyadharma ◽

Shanty Oktavilia ◽

Indah Fajarini Sri Wahyuningrum ◽

Sri Indah Nikensari ◽

Arumawan Mei Saputra

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Long Run ◽

High Inflation ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Short Run ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

The Impact

Inflation could likely cause devastating impacts where high inflation can harmful economic and social circumstances. However, only limited studies try to find the impact of inflation on the quality of air. The aim of this study is to investigate the empirical linkage between inflation and air pollution in Indonesia covering the period of 1981 until 2017 by using an error correction model (ECM) methodological approach. The result of study suggests that in the short run, higher inflation is causing the lower level of air pollution. Similarly, in the long run, higher inflation is also affecting the lower level of air pollution. While there are a lot of negative impacts of inflation in Indonesia, the finding in this study indicates a positive impact of inflation in Indonesia, which is higher inflation can reduce the air pollution. The results seem contradict with the target of central bank of Indonesia to have a low but positive rate of inflation. Based on the findings, the study suggests the policymakers in Indonesia to support a robust role of inflation stability in achieving targets related to the reduction of air pollution.

Download Full-text

Pooled Mean Group Approach to Test the Determinants of Financial Integration: Evidence From OECD and G20 Countries

Research in World Economy ◽

10.5430/rwe.v10n3p366 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 366

Author(s):

Ahliman Abbasov

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

Financial Integration ◽

Financial Liberalization ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Trade Integration ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the role of financial liberalization, trade integration, economic growth and global financial crisis on financial integration level of selected OECD and G20 countries during the period of 2000-2016. PMG technique has been implemented to estimate the ARDL model. Regression results suggest a statistically significant long run co-integration relationship between financial integration and independent variables. Analysis also concludes that there are both long run and short run positive impact of trade integration level on financial integration level. The study also concludes that the global financial crisis has had a negative influence on global financial integration both in the short run and long run. But according to the regression results the impact of financial liberalization on the actual financial integration level of the countries only appears in the long run. Results also indicate that positive impact of economic growth on financial globalization level appears only in the long run.

Download Full-text

Impact of Ownership Structure on Firm Performance in the MENA Region: An Empirical Study

Accounting and Finance Research ◽

10.5430/afr.v6n3p105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Neveen Ahmed ◽

Ola Abdel Hadi

Keyword(s):

Firm Performance ◽

Ownership Structure ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Mena Region ◽

Positive Role ◽

Insider Ownership ◽

Mena Countries ◽

Ownership Structures ◽

Firm Financial Performance ◽

The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of ownership structures on firm financial performance in the MENA region. The sample covers nine MENA countries (Egypt, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Tunisia, UAE, Morocco, Oman and Jordan) for the year 2014. We examine the impact of ownership structures on firm performance. Performance is proxied by Tobin-Q, ROE and ROA, while ownership structure is proxied using insider ownership, governmental, and blockholders. We control for risk, size, country effect and industry type. Our results suggest that blockholders, insider ownership and governmental ownership play a crucial role in firm performance measured by Tobin-Q, ROE and ROA respectively. Our results suggest that insider ownership negatively effects firm’s return on equity, while blockholder ownership has a positive impact on a firm’s Tobin-Q. Finally we find that governmental ownership plays a positive role on a firm’s return on assets in the MENA region.

Download Full-text

Performance of IPOs of Indian Companies Backed by Private Equity

Vision The Journal of Business Perspective ◽

10.1177/0972262919863877 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 397-409

Author(s):

Till Drebinger ◽

Shailendra Kumar Rai ◽

Heiko Hinrichs

Keyword(s):

Initial Public Offerings ◽

Private Equity ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Abnormal Returns ◽

Public Offerings ◽

Ipo Performance ◽

Cumulative Abnormal Returns ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

The Impact

We examine 616 Indian initial public offerings (IPOs), including 116 IPOs backed by private equity (PE), between 2000 and 2016, to test whether PE-backed IPOs perform better than non-PE-backed IPOs in the short run as well as in the long run in terms of cumulative abnormal returns (CARs). We also examine the impact of the PE firm nationality on post-IPO performance. Consistent with the existing literature, we find underperformance for all IPOs, on an average, within 1 year. However, PE-backed IPOs have lower degree of underperformance than non-PE-backed IPOs. We also find that size, liquidity and leverage have a positive impact on the post-IPO performance after the financial crisis, whereas issue amount and capital issue year are negatively correlated to CARs before and during the crisis. We also find significant effects of PE firm nationality on CAR development. IPOs backed by India-dedicated PE firms perform best, while those backed by foreign PE firms perform worst and even underperform non-PE-backed IPOs. IPOs by foreign PE firms perform better if they co-invest with India-dedicated PE firms.

Download Full-text

China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, Logistics Developments and Economic Growth in Pakistan

Logistics ◽

10.3390/logistics5020035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Zunaira Khadim ◽

Irem Batool ◽

Muhammad Bilal Lodhi

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Real Income ◽

Series Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

Factor Inputs ◽

The Impact

The study aims to analyze the impact of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) logistics-related developments on economic growth in Pakistan. The study defined a Cobb–Douglas type of research framework in which the country’s real income level relates to four factor inputs, e.g., employed labor force, logistics development, financial development, and energy consumption in an economy. The study utilized the time series data set for the period 1972–2018. To estimate the long run relationship and short run adjustment mechanism, the study used Johansen’s method of co-integration and error correction model. Estimated results showed that the country’s logistics developments have a significant positive impact on economic growth in both the long run and the short run. It implies that China–Pakistan collaborative efforts for logistics developments will have a strong positive impact on economic growth in Pakistan.

Download Full-text

Liquidity commonality-economic cycle nexus in emerging Asian economies: An ARDL approach

International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.21833/ijaas.2021.06.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 26-39

Author(s):

Syeda Hina Zaidi ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Policy Coordination ◽

Market Liquidity ◽

Economic Cycle ◽

Long Run ◽

Ardl Approach ◽

Asian Economies ◽

Short Run ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of liquidity commonality on the economic cycle for 7 emerging Asian economies over a period of 1997-2018, using Autoregressive Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to Cointegration. Gross domestic investment, total consumption expenditure, net trade, and unemployment rate are studied as macro variables in the analysis. The nexus has been discussed both in the short-run and long-run. A significant relationship between economic growth and stock market liquidity commonality is found for large economies including China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia; however, we found mixed evidence regarding the direction of the relationship for different economies. The aggregate analysis revealed that liquidity commonality has a positive impact on economic growth in the short-run and a negative association in the long-run. As a non-diversifiable risk factor, liquidity co-movement shocks spread the market wide and disrupt the overall functioning of financial markets and eventually affect the economy. For regulators and policymakers and particularly for those in emerging economies, understanding the factors affecting economic cycles and recognizing their dynamics and magnitude is important for policy coordination and market development. Further, the firms in Asian markets operate in legal and regulatory environments distinct from those of firms analyzed in the previous literature. A major knowledge gap pertaining to Asian emerging markets serves as the primary motivation for this study.

Download Full-text

Financial Development, Financial Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria

International Journal of Engineering and Management Research ◽

10.31033/ijemr.11.3.39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Christian E. Bassey ◽

Okoiarikpo Benjamin Okoi ◽

Ikpe Kingsley Imoh

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Financial Development ◽

Financial Distress ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Financial Openness ◽

Insurance Sector ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

The Impact

This study examined the impact of financial development and financial openness on economic growth in Nigeria between 1981 and 2019. This was done through the use of the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. In doing this, the ratio of credit to the private sector to the GDP and broad money to narrow money were used as measures of financial development and financial openness respectively. The study found that financial development has a positive and insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria in the long and short-run. The study also found that financial openness has a negative and insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria in the long-run. The results of the study further revealed that simultaneous existence of financial development and financial openness has an insignificant but positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria in the long-run. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the CBN should increase its efforts towards the regulation and supervision of the financial sector to reduce the incidence of financial distress. The study also recommended that efforts to develop the mortgage and insurance sector and the capital market should be intensified through regulatory improvements, improvements in the instruments in use in the market as well as public enlightenment programs to increase awareness of the potentials of the mortgage, insurance and capital markets. The final recommendation made by the study is that more restrictions should be placed on the inflow of capital in and out of the country to guard against sudden capital flow reversals.

Download Full-text

Pengujian Resiko Redenominasi terhadap Nilai Tukar Rupiah

Owner ◽

10.33395/owner.v5i2.495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 620-630

Author(s):

Abdul Holik

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Inflation Rate ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Credit Default Swap ◽

Economic Agents ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

The Exchange Rate ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

The redenomination is a breakthrough policy to induce stabilization because making transactions easier among the economic agents. This quantitative research aims to find the properness of the redenomination policy in Indonesia. The focus of this research is to analyze the impact of redenomination risk on rupiah exchange rate performance. It is conducted from April 1st, 2015 until May 9th, 2016. The method of analysis used here is VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) to find relation reciprocally among the three variables: CDS (Credit Default Swap) as a proxy for redenomination risk, exchange rate, and sovereign yields. Based on the result, we find that there are negative impacts in the long-run and short-run from redenomination risk on the rupiah exchange rate. Meanwhile, the sovereign yield has a positive impact on the rupiah exchange rate in the long run. In the short run, the exchange rate has a positive impact on redenomination, as well as on sovereign yield. The sovereign yield also has a positive effect on the exchange rate, as well as on the redenomination risk. But there is no impact of redenomination risk on the sovereign yield. From this finding, we should suggest that redenomination is a not proper decision yet. It is because the weakness of rupiah after its implementation due to sentiment of over-confidence among the economic agents sometimes triggers uncontrollable and high inflation rate. For the successful policy, previously the government should take action to reduce the inflation rate.

Download Full-text