THE WORD MERCY AND ITS DERIVATIVES IN THE QURAN IS A ‎CONTEXTUAL SEMANTIC STUDY

This research deals with the word mercy and its derivatives in the Qur'an, a contextual semantic ‎study, where the search tries to answer a key question about the semantic and contextual effect ‎of the word mercy and its derivatives in the Holy Quran,‎ Qur'anic studies have taken an important place between linguistic and semantic studies, because ‎of their association with the Qur'an and its place in people; semantic studies are one of these ‎studies, because of their importance in revealing the meanings of the text and its semantics. This ‎research is intended to show the significance of this word and its derivatives in the Qur'an and its ‎relation to it in the Qur'anic context and the connotations that have emerged from it, and the ‎opinions of scholars and interpreters around it and to show differences in their semantic ‎semantics, both grammatically, purely, and contextualally‎.

ROLE OF THE BUDGET IN RAISING THE EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL ‎ PERFORMANCE IN THE DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION IN THE NORTHERN ‎GOVERNORATES

The study aimed to identify the role of the budget in raising the efficiency of financial ‎performance in the Directorate of Education in the northern governorates. The two ‎researchers used: qualitative research.‎ The interview tool was adopted: it consisted of (3) main themes. The first axis: about ‎budget preparation and included (8) questions. The second axis: about the implementation ‎of the budget, and included (7) questions. The third axis: about the relationship between ‎the budget and the efficiency of financial performance. The interview questions included ‎open questions and closed questions.‎ The study population is made up of members of the Finance Committee and is responsible ‎for the budget preparation process. They number (68) in the second semester of the ‎academic year 2020-2021. The sample size is (19) by 28%. The most important results are: ‎ o The budget plays a major role in raising the efficiency of financial performance, as ‎it is one of the activities planning tools, as the revenue amounts are distributed ‎among the budget items.‎ o The budget has a role in raising the efficiency of financial performance in the ‎education directorates through its oversight role on performance.‎ Recommendations: ‎ o Increasing the powers of education directorates in the budget preparation process ‎by the Ministry of Education in order to achieve a higher level of flexibility in it to ‎meet the needs within the priorities.‎ o Conducting training courses on budget preparation, implementation, and follow-‎up by the Ministry of Education in cooperation with the Ministry of Finance, and ‎not to be limited to department heads only, but extend to all employees in the ‎directorate's departments and those willing and qualified to prepare budgets‎.

THE ROLE OF USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON DEVELOPING THE SKILLS OF PRINCIPALS AND ‎EMPLOYEES AT AL-FERAR SCHOOL FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TEACHERS AND TEACHERS

This study aimed at the role of knowledge of information technology in organizational ‎development, by identifying the role of using information technology on developing ‎the skills of principals and employees at Al-Ferar School from the point of view of ‎teachers and teachers, and identifying the feasibility of using information technology ‎to reduce the size of the administrative apparatus in the school, in addition to identify ‎the feasibility of using information technology to expand communication networks in ‎the school, and to know the feasibility of using information technology to sort out new ‎and advanced patterns of management in the school, in order to complete the study. ‎The analytical descriptive approach was followed, through the use of the ‎questionnaire as a tool for the study, and a sample of (42) teachers was selected ‎from the research community in a random manner. The central results of the study: ‎There is a high effect of (3.46) for the use of technology on the organizational ‎development of the Ferar School for Girls from the point of view of the teachers. ‎There is also a significant impact of the use of technology at a rate of (3.6) on the ‎development and administrative development in Ferar School for Girls from the point ‎of view of the teachers. There is an average effect of using technology, at an ‎average of (3.06) on reducing the size of the administrative apparatus in the Ferar ‎School from the point of view of teachers. There is also an impact of a high rate of ‎‎ (3.7) for the use of technology on the expansion of the communication network in the ‎Ferar School from the point of view of teachers and teachers. There is a high (3.4) ‎role for the use of technology to sort out new and developed administrative patterns ‎in the Ferar School from the point of view of the teachers. It also found that the use ‎of technology contributes by (69.9%) to the development of administrative skills in the ‎Ferar School from the point of view of teachers and teachers, and that the use of ‎technology contributes by (65.2%) to reducing the size of the administrative ‎apparatus, and the use of technology contributes by (86.1%) in Expanding the ‎communication network in the Freer School from the point of view of the teachers ‎and the teachers. The study also found that there is no significant effect for (the ages ‎of the respondents, educational qualifications, and years of experience) for their ‎answers about the feasibility of using technology on organizational development in ‎the Freer Secondary School from their point of view. In the wake of these results, the ‎study came out with recommendations, the most important of which are: the need to ‎proceed with the use of technology as a developmental tool in schools, and the need ‎to develop benefiting from this use, especially in the areas of developing ‎administrative skills. Similar prospective studies on broader groups of teacher ‎schools‎.‎ Key words:

INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM: A STUDY IN FORMS AND EFFEETS

Terrorism is known as one of the most dangerous phenomena that has the negatively influence the reality of ‎human societies. Despite human history has never been free from acts of terrorism in all its forms, modern ‎terrorism has exceeded in its magnitude, image and impact all that has been found since human existence. In ‎addition, this phenomenon becomes a matter of concern to human beings wherever it may be exist. ‎Nevertheless, politicians, sociologists, lawmakers and philosophers, as well as various intellectuals and writers ‎alike, accept without hesitation the recognition of the difficulties of identifying and placing terrorism within a ‎comprehensive background that is acceptable to all. The disagreement and the lack of understanding that ‎accompanied and kept pace with all the attempts that were made and are taking place discuss the term of ‎terrorism. The problem of the terrorism under study revolves primarily around a phenomenon that is now ‎plaguing the entire world. This paper discusses a diagnosis of incurable disease called international terrorism to ‎reveal some of the uncertainties and uncertainties in this phenomenon. The importance of the topic is about ‎highlighting the important and effective role played by the international community and the Islamic societies ‎in the fight against terrorism. Furthermore, this paper aims to clarify the concept of international terrorism and ‎and identify the most important forms and dangers resulting from it, which has been increasing rapidly in ‎recent times and the consequent threat to the integrated human security system, whether moral security, ‎economic security, social security, or Political security or environmental security‎.‎

SODIUM CHLORIDE (SALT) ITS ROLE AND USE IN ANCIENT IRAQ

Mineral Salts are One of the Most important Non-Metallic Chemicals that were widely available in ancient Iraq, and due to its many Uses in life Matters and for industrial purposes, it was Allocated in the Study of a Type of these Salts, which is Sodium Chloride salt (Table Salt), as there were Several Types, including: - Calcium Sulfate Sodium Silicate, Sodium Carbonate and Potassium Nitrate Because of the Importance of Sodium Chloride (salt) in Ancient Iraq and the lack of Studies that Dealt with it, we Chose it as a Subject for our Study, and we Relied on Many Arab, Translated and Foreign Sources, the most important of which are: -Levy, Martin, 1980 , Chemistry and Chemical Technology, translated by: Al-Mayahi and others, Dar Al-Rashid. - Potts ,D.,1987,'' ON Salt and salting gathering in Ancient Mesopotamia ''(JESHO), vol.27‎.

THE REALITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES IN IRBID NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ‎THE ACADEMIC STAFF IN THE LIGHT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)‎

This study aimed to investigate the reality of administrative practices at Irbid National University ‎from the academic staff point of view considering the total quality management. The study ‎sample consisted of (84) academic members. The study found a significant increase of the level ‎of administrative practices as well as, statistical differences between the level of administrative ‎practices that are attributed to variables like gender and were in favor of females, university ‎variable in favor of Arabic universities Graduates, the academic rank in favor of professor, the ‎current position in favor of a Dean and Head of Department, and years of experience in favor of ‎‎10 years and more.‎

CHETTOUH

Linguistic research is based on two principles: the specific and the general. The specific aspect is ‎linked to the fact that linguistics is considered as an autonomous science having its ‎scientific ‎ characteristics which distinguish it from other human sciences. And given its particular interest in ‎language, it has its internal and external foundations and its own objectives. It describes the ‎structure of the language, seeks to know its secrets, explores its rules which control its fundamental ‎structure, and among other things delves into its sound, structural and semantic characteristics in ‎order to put a set of universal rules.‎ As for the general aspect, it is linked to the relationship existing between linguistics and the ‎other sciences: a relationship of mutual influence.‎ Linguistic research has played a major role in the institution of contemporary Arab critical ‎terminology starting from its beginning in the 1960s.‎ Critical research aims to institute critical terminology according to a system influenced by the ‎descriptive approach in the institution of thematic and conceptual oriented terminology.‎ This article aims to highlight the collaborative relationship between linguistic research and ‎critical research. So what are the limits of this collaboration, What are the linguistic bases of terminology according to the perception of Mahmoud Fahmy ‎Hegazy in his The Linguistic Foundations of Terminology as a model reflecting the efforts of ‎Arabs in the field of critical linguistics‎.

FINANCING PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN PALESTINE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

The purpose of the study to identify the extent to which the sustainability of sources of financing and to identify the most important challenges facing the financing of the Palestinian public universities as well as to explore potential financing opportunities that can be developed to finance the Palestinian public universities based on the experiences of other universities. The study used the analytical qualitative method, and the study tool is interviews with finance specialists in Palestinian public universities. One of the findings of the study is that students’ tuition fees are the main source of financing for universities, as they constitute approximately 80% of universities’ revenues. The centers and institutes affiliated with the university are considered an important and sustainable source of financing for universities, but they are not used in an optimal way. One of the challenges facing financing is competition between universities instead of integration between them, and from other financing opportunities , are creation of investment units in universities or business development centers in partnership with the private sector .The study recommended the importance of working on finding other sources of financing universities through potential financing opportunities, such as : investment units and business development centers, establishing productive projects in cooperation and partnership with the public and private sectors, restructuring and integrating academic disciplines, and finding new academic disciplines that match with the labor market requirements that attract new students.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHILOSOPHY WITH MATHEMATICS IN MODERN ERA –THE CASE OF DESCARTES-‎

The modern era witnessed a remarkable development of many sciences, the first ‎of which was mathematics, a fact that directly affected the development of ‎philosophy at that time. This was evident with the rationalist doctrine of ‎Descartes and his followers who made mathematics science their highest scientific ‎ideal that philosophy should emulate by adopting its method and its method of ‎inference as well as some of its concepts. In fact, the impact of mathematics was ‎not limited to philosophy alone, but extended to all branches of knowledge, such ‎as physics, psychology, sociology, economics, ethics, Yet, its impact on ‎philosophy was very strong and distinctive. The reason for this is that the great ‎philosophers of the modern era like Descartes and Leibniz were also great ‎mathematicians. ‎ Thus, the present paper is devoted to Descartes, considering that he was one of ‎the philosophers most influenced by mathematics and geometry in particular. He ‎was greatly upset by the decline of philosophy in his time, its immerson in ‎ambiguity and turmoil, and its fall into endless sterile, debates,‎‏ ‏in contrast to the ‎development of mathematics, and its clarity, objectivity and accuracy. ‎Accordingly, he aspired for philosophy to become a clear, objective, accurate and ‎certain science like mathematics itself through the application of the mathematical ‎method. The clarification of this idea is the objective of this research paper‎.

ARABIC EDUCATIONAL CURRICULA INSIDE THE GREEN LINE IN LIGHT OF MODERN TEACHING METHODS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH TEACHERS' INSTRUCTIONAL PERFORMANCE

The study aimed to define the Arabic educational curricula within the Green Line in light of modern teaching methods and their relationship to the level of teaching performance of teachers. The study sample consisted of (431) school teachers selected randomly. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was used to identify the commitment of the Arab educational curricula to modern teaching methods and to identify the performance of teachers. The study results showed that indicated that the level of commitment of the Arab educational curricula within the Green Line to modern teaching methods from the teachers ’point of view was moderate. In addition, the teaching performance of teachers inside the Green Line was moderate. The results of the study also revealed the existence of a positive statistically significant correlation at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between the level of commitment of Arab educational curricula within the green line in light of modern teaching methods and the level of teaching performance of teachers. In light of the results some recommendations were provided ‎.