Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation

1999 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Essential Fish Habitat ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
High Concentrations

<em>Abstract.—</em> Freshwater and marine essential fish habitat (EFH) for chinook <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em> , coho <em>O. kisutch</em> , pink <em>O. gorbuscha</em> , and sockeye <em>O. nerka </em> salmon within Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho was described and identified using the available literature and databases on salmon distribution and life history. The diversity of freshwater habitats utilized by individual species of salmon coupled with the limitations of existing distribution maps precluded identification of specific stream reaches, wetlands, and other water bodies as EFH for Pacific salmon. A more holistic watershed approach consistent with the ecosystem method recommended by the revised Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act was necessary. Therefore, Pacific salmon freshwater EFH was delineated and described as all existing water bodies currently and historically utilized by Pacific salmon within selected watersheds defined by U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic units. Areas above some long-standing artificial barriers to juvenile and adult salmon migration were excluded from designation as Pacific salmon EFH. Delineation of marine EFH was also problematic because of the paucity of scientific studies on offshore Pacific salmon habitat use and distribution. However, available scientific data augmented by information from commercial fisheries indicate that juvenile salmon are found in high concentrations in the nearshore areas of the continental shelf off the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts from late spring through fall. Therefore, Pacific salmon marine EFH was identified as all waters within 60 km of the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts north of Point Conception, California. This initial effort to identify Pacific salmon EFH emphasized the need for accurate, fine-scale geographic information systems data on freshwater and marine salmon distribution and habitat quality and the need for compilation of uniform data sets. Future efforts should focus on developing accurate seasonal salmon distribution data at a 1:24,000 scale to aid in more precise and accurate delineation of Pacific salmon EFH. Furthermore, detailed information on winter distribution of Pacific salmon would be useful in delineating marine EFH.

scholarly journals Using species distribution models to describe essential fish habitat in Alaska

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1230-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Laman ◽  
Christopher N. Rooper ◽  
Kali Turner ◽  
Sean Rooney ◽  
Dan W. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Essential Fish Habitat ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Northern Bering Sea

Describing essential habitat is an important step toward understanding and conserving harvested species in ecosystem-based fishery management. Using data from fishery-independent ichthyoplankton, groundfish surveys, and commercial fisheries observer data, we utilized species distribution modeling techniques to predict habitat-based spatial distributions of federally managed species in Alaska. The distribution and abundance maps were used to refine existing essential fish habitat descriptions for the region. In particular, we used maximum entropy and generalized additive modeling to delineate distribution and abundance of early (egg, larval, and pelagic juvenile) and later (settled juvenile and adult) life history stages of groundfishes and crabs across multiple seasons in three large marine ecosystems (Gulf of Alaska, eastern Bering Sea, and Aleutian Islands) and the northern Bering Sea. We present a case study, featuring Kamchatka flounder (Atheresthes evermanni), from the eastern and northern Bering Sea to represent the >400 habitat-based distribution maps generated for more than 80 unique species–region–season–life-stage combinations. The results of these studies will be used to redescribe essential habitat of federally managed fishes and crabs in Alaska.

Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation

1999 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Essential Fish Habitat ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Species Specific

<em>Abstract</em> .—Defining and quantifying essential fish habitat is difficult, perhaps particularly so in estuaries, which are typically dynamic. Yet we need habitat data to make informed decisions about the management of estuarine habitats and associated fish populations. Our ongoing efforts to resolve issues of fish habitat quality have been centered in the relatively unaltered Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve (the Reserve) in the Mullica River–Great Bay estuary in southern New Jersey, where extensive studies of fishes and their habitats have been conducted during the last decade. Much of our effort to define essential fish habitat has focused on a variety of shallow-water habitats (eelgrass, macroalgae, marsh creeks, unvegetated substrates of different grain sizes) where it is easier to sample in a quantitative manner (e.g., using throw traps and beam trawls) and conduct experimental manipulations (e.g., caging, deploying of artificial habitats). Although our studies in the Reserve have been extensive, they still have been focused on a relatively small component (less than 3%) of the fish fauna of the Reserve, including several species of economic importance. These species include winter flounder <em>Pseudopleuronectes americanus</em> , summer flounder <em>Paralichthys dentatus</em> , tautog <em>Tautoga onitis</em> , and black sea bass <em>Centropristis striata</em> . This work has examined the period from larval ingress and settlement through the first year using a variety of complementary approaches. To date, these studies have included measures of habitat-specific distribution, abundance, residence time, and growth. Attempts to identify both habitat-specific measures of mortality and sources of mortality have proven especially difficult for the migratory fishes typical of Middle Atlantic Bight estuaries. In fact, this mobility, which occurs at seasonal, diel, tidal, and episodic (storms, upwelling, etc.) scales, makes it difficult to assess residence times and confounds attempts to measure habitat quality. The measures of habitat quality that we have used suggest that there are species-specific and habitat-specific responses; however, data sets for multiple years are seldom available to confirm these responses. Efforts to quantify essential fish habitat will be limited in their effectiveness until interannual variability can be assessed.

scholarly journals ECMO Therapy in Acute Chest Syndrome for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: a Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soi Avgeridou ◽  
Ilija Djordjevic ◽  
Anton Sabashnikov ◽  
Kaveh Eghbalzadeh ◽  
Laura Suhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Acute Chest Syndrome ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Institutional Experience ◽  
Ecmo Therapy

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) plays an important role as a life-saving tool for patients with therapy-refractory cardio-respiratory failure. Especially, for rare and infrequent indications, scientific data is scarce. The conducted paper focuses primarily on our institutional experience with a 19-year-old patient suffering an acute chest syndrome, a pathognomonic pulmonary condition presented by patients with sickle cell disease. After implementation of awake ECMO therapy, the patient was successfully weaned off support and discharged home 22 days after initiation of the extracorporeal circulation. In addition to limited data and current literature, further and larger data sets are necessary to determine the outcome after ECMO therapy for this rare indication.

The New Statistics with R

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Hector
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
R Programming

Statistics is a fundamental component of the scientific toolbox, but learning the basics of this area of mathematics is one of the most challenging parts of a research training. This book gives an up-to-date introduction to the classical techniques and modern extensions of linear-model analysis—one of the most useful approaches in the analysis of scientific data in the life and environmental sciences. The book emphasizes an estimation-based approach that takes account of recent criticisms of overuse of probability values and introduces the alternative approach using information criteria. The book is based on the use of the open-source R programming language for statistics and graphics, which is rapidly becoming the lingua franca in many areas of science. This second edition adds new chapters, including one discussing some of the complexities of linear-model analysis and another introducing reproducible research documents using the R Markdown package. Statistics is introduced through worked analyses performed in R using interesting data sets from ecology, evolutionary biology, and environmental science. The data sets and R scripts are available as supporting material.

Lighting Equilibrium Distribution Maps and Their Application to Face Recognition Under Difficult Lighting Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 1756003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Dong ◽  
Xue Yuan ◽  
Fanlun Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Equilibrium Distribution ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Test Image ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Map Construction ◽  
Compensation Methods ◽  
Approximation Coefficients

In this paper, a novel facial-patch based recognition framework is proposed to deal with the problem of face recognition (FR) on the serious illumination condition. First, a novel lighting equilibrium distribution maps (LEDM) for illumination normalization is proposed. In LEDM, an image is analyzed in logarithm domain with wavelet transform, and the approximation coefficients of the image are mapped according to a reference-illumination map in order to normalize the distribution of illumination energy due to different lighting effects. Meanwhile, the detail coefficients are enhanced to achieve detail information emphasis. The LEDM is obtained by blurring the distances between the test image and the reference illumination map in the logarithm domain, which may express the entire distribution of illumination variations. Then, a facial-patch based framework and a credit degree based facial patches synthesizing algorithm are proposed. Each normalized face images is divided into several stacked patches. And, all patches are individually classified, then each patch from the test image casts a vote toward the parent image classification. A novel credit degree map is established based on the LEDM, which is deciding a credit degree for each facial patch. The main idea of credit degree map construction is the over-and under-illuminated regions should be assigned lower credit degree than well-illuminated regions. Finally, results are obtained by the credit degree based facial patches synthesizing. The proposed method provides state-of-the-art performance on three data sets that are widely used for testing FR under different illumination conditions: Extended Yale-B, CAS-PEAL-R1, and CMUPIE. Experimental results show that our FR frame outperforms several existing illumination compensation methods.

Diversity and distribution of Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4358 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIRIDIANA LIZARDO ◽  
FEDERICO ESCOBAR ◽  
OCTAVIO ROJAS-SOTO
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Biological Databases ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sierra Madre

In this study, we systematized available distribution data, obtained from biological databases and relevant literature, for Mexican species belonging to the tribe Phanaeini. The main objectives were to provide an overall description of the distribution records in biological collections, to detect potential sampling biases, to describe the seasonality of collections and to obtain species distribution models using the Desktop GARP algorithm. A total of 5,562 records, corresponding to 32 species in Mexico, were compiled, including the recently described Phanaeus zoque Moctezuma & Halffter, 2017. This compilation includes 784 unique collection records at 325 localities. These records were mainly distributed along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental mountain ranges and throughout the states of Chiapas and Veracruz. The Mexican High Plateau, the state of Tlaxcala and the Yucatan Peninsula are lacking in records. Distribution maps were created for species of three genera (Phanaeus MacLeay, 1819, Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924, and Sulcophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924) and for 29 species present in Mexico. These species distributions are largely delimited by geomorphological features and vegetation types and coincide with expert descriptions of this tribe; some species show expanded distribution ranges. These maps provide a starting point for further analyses, the planning of future field studies, and the verification of possible new species in the Mexican territory. 

scholarly journals Habitat affinity and density-dependent movement as indicators of fish habitat restoration efficacy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Polivka
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Effectiveness Studies ◽  
Habitat Affinity

AbstractConceptual and methodological tools from behavioral ecology can inform studies of habitat quality and their potential for evaluating habitat restoration in conservation efforts is explored here. Such approaches provide mechanistic detail in understanding the relationship between organisms and their habitats and are thus more informative than correlations between density and habitat characteristics. Several Pacific salmon species have been the target of habitat restoration efforts for the past 2-3 decades, but most post-restoration effectiveness studies have been limited to correlative data described above. In mark-recapture assays from four different study years, the affinity of sub-yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) for stream pools restored with or created by engineered log structures was greater than that for pools without restoration, though with high interannual variability. From corresponding distribution and density data, it was clear that habitat affinity data are not always concordant with single observations of density. The same was true of the correlation between either affinity or density and physical characteristics of pools, although depth and current velocity had some explanatory power for both responses in Chinook. Movement into pools by Chinook during the assays indicated that restored pools can support more immigrants at a given density than can unrestored pools; however no such pattern emerged for steelhead. Variation among individuals in body condition has implications for population-wide fitness, and such low variation was correlated with stronger affinity for pools in Chinook regardless of restoration status. This suggests that pools may mediate habitat-related trade-offs and that restoring them might have a positive effect on fitness. Thus affinity, immigration, and condition data give much-needed mechanistic indication of habitat selection for restored habitat via an apparent capacity increase and those potential fitness benefits. This is stronger support for restoration effectiveness than density differences alone because density data 1) may simply indicate redistribution of fish from poor to good habitats and 2) are not adequate to show correlations between restoration and positive change in traits correlated with fitness.

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