Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
South Texas ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Gravel Mining ◽  
The People ◽  
Nueces River

<em>Abstract</em>.—From off-road vehicle abuse in streambeds to nonnative invasive species in riparian areas, from the threat of wastewater discharge in pristine headwater creeks to proposals for burying low-level radioactive waste and landfilling of fracking byproducts on floodplains, from water marketing plans seeking to export large quantities of groundwater to bulldozing river channels, gravel mining, and diverting stream flows, it’s not easy to save a river. It is really all about the people; <em>Homo sapiens </em>are an essential species of consideration in any multispecies approach to conservation. The Nueces River Authority (NRA) has served as a guardian of surface-water resources in the Nueces River basin since the agency was created by the Texas Legislature in 1935. The jurisdiction of NRA includes portions of three ecoregions and 22 South Texas counties and encompasses more than 45,300 km2, extending from Rocksprings to the Gulf of Mexico. Over the past eight decades, NRA has strived to develop and implement an adaptive, systems approach that focuses on empowering people with good information and consistent messaging in order to restore and protect the Nueces River.

scholarly journals A Transdisciplinary Complex Adaptive Systems (T-CAS) Approach to Developing a National School-Based Culture of Prevention for Health Improvement: the School Health Research Network (SHRN) in Wales

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Murphy ◽  
Hannah Littlecott ◽  
Gillian Hewitt ◽  
Sarah MacDonald ◽  
Joan Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
School Health ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Culture Of Prevention

AbstractThe paper reflects on a transdisciplinary complex adaptive systems (T-CAS) approach to the development of a school health research network (SHRN) in Wales for a national culture of prevention for health improvement in schools. A T-CAS approach focuses on key stages and activities within a continuous network cycle to facilitate systems level change. The theory highlights the importance of establishing transdisciplinary strategic partnerships to identify and develop opportunities for system reorientation. Investment in and the linking of resources develops the capacity for key social agents to take advantage of disruption points in the re-orientated system, and engagement activities develop the network to facilitate new social interactions and opportunities for transdisciplinary activities. A focus on transdisciplinary action research to co-produce interventions, generate research evidence and inform policy and practice is shown to play an important part in developing new normative processes that act to self-regulate the emerging system. Finally, the provision of reciprocal network benefits provides critical feedback loops that stabilise the emerging adaptive system and promote the network cycle. SHRN is shown to have embedded itself in the system by securing sustainability funding from health and education, a key role in national and regional planning and recruiting every eligible school to the network. It has begun to reorient the system to one of evidence generation (56 research studies co-produced) and opportunities for data-led practice at multiple levels. Further capacity development will be required to capitalise on these. The advantages of a complex systems approach to address barriers to change and the transferability of a T-CAS network approach across settings and cultures are highlighted.

scholarly journals Minor flow disruptions, traffic-related factors and their effect on major flow disruptions in the operating room

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Joseph ◽  
Amin Khoshkenar ◽  
Kevin M Taaffe ◽  
Ken Catchpole ◽  
Herminia Machry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Surgical Errors ◽  
The People ◽  
Flow Disruptions ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundStudies in operating rooms (OR) show that minor disruptions tend to group together to result in serious adverse events such as surgical errors. Understanding the characteristics of these minor flow disruptions (FD) that impact major events is important in order to proactively design safer systemsObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to use a systems approach to investigate the aetiology of minor and major FDs in ORs in terms of the people involved, tasks performed and OR traffic, as well as the location of FDs and other environmental characteristics of the OR that may contribute to these disruptions.MethodsUsing direct observation and classification of FDs via video recordings of 28 surgical procedures, this study modelled the impact of a range of system factors—location of minor FDs, roles of staff members involved in FDs, type of staff activities as well as OR traffic-related factors—on major FDs in the OR.ResultsThe rate of major FDs increases as the rate of minor FDs increases, especially in the context of equipment-related FDs, and specific physical locations in the OR. Circulating nurse-related minor FDs and minor FDs that took place in the transitional zone 2, near the foot of the surgical table, were also related to an increase in the rate of major FDs. This study also found that more major and minor FDs took place in the anaesthesia zone compared with all other OR zones. Layout-related disruptions comprised more than half of all observed FDs.ConclusionRoom design and layout issues may create barriers to task performance, potentially contributing to the escalation of FDs in the OR.

Taxonomies of Yellow

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Keevak
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Far East ◽  
East Asians ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The People ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
French Physician

This chapter focuses on the emergence of new sorts of human taxonomies as well as new claims about the color of all human groups, including East Asians, during the course of the eighteenth century, as well as their racial implications. It first considers the theory advanced in 1684 by the French physician and traveler François Bernier, who proposed a “new division of the Earth, according to the different species or races of man which inhabit it.” One of these races, he suggested, was yellow. Then in 1735, the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus published Systema naturae, in which he categorized homo sapiens into four different skin colors. Finally, at the end of the eighteenth century, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, also a physician and the founder of comparative anatomy, declared that the people of the Far East were a yellow race, as distinct from the white “Caucasian” one.

Homo sapiens and Criminality

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Shanta Balgobind Singh ◽  
Marion Pluskota
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Behavior Management ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

History has shown that primitive societies, with their well-developed value and norm systems, were self-governing. Needs of the people led to the development of mechanisms for survival. As primitive societies became more complex, a need arose for knowledge of the nature and structure of the communities in which they lived. Moral laws and rules, which governed primitive communities, were organized around the family and tribal environment. Even in the 21st century, forms of human behavior management center on tribal authority systems in different parts of the world. Crime is a social construction that has been widely theorized by historians, sociologists, anthropologists, and, of course, criminologists. Researchers have long tried to answer the questions as to why crime exists, how it is defined, how it can be controlled, and what makes it more prevalent in certain communities than in others. This special issue addresses many of these questions and reflects on contemporary research in the criminological field. The authors are at the forefront of the research on crime and shed new light on our societies’ ability to identify, reduce, or cope with criminality.

scholarly journals Close-to-nature silviculture in eastern Quebec: Advances over the last decade

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Robert Schneider ◽  
Laurie Dupont-Leduc ◽  
Vincent Gauthray-Guyénet ◽  
Nicolas Cattaneo ◽  
LaraMelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Forest Resilience ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Harvesting Systems

The increase in intensity of the harvesting of eastern Quebec’s forests has resulted in profound compositional changes at the stand level. The composition and structure of presettlement stands provide key benchmarks when implementing ecosystem-based management (EBM). A core principle of EBM is the emulation of natural disturbances, and it is hypothesized that forest resilience will be maintained. Managers have thus adapted some of their silvicultural activities to better mimic the main natural disturbances in eastern Quebec. These adaptations include using variable retention harvesting systems instead of clear-cuts and converting even-aged stands. Nevertheless, other close-to-nature silvicultural practices must be developed, as gaps between managed and unmanaged stands persist. Most importantly, there is a need to consider global change within EBM, which could be accomplished by prioritizing forest functions rather than composition or structure when establishing silvicultural objectives. Elements of the complex adaptive systems approach to increasing forest resilience can be incorporated into the larger-scale EBM approach. This could be done by considering the functional complementarity of species, forest function, and stand structure in forest management planning. These efforts must not be constrained, however, to allowable annual cut calculations, as these are not sufficiently sensitive to compare different management scenarios.

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