scholarly journals OCL FORMAL SPECIFICATION BASED METRICS AS A MEASURE OF COMPLEXITY AND FAULT-PRONENESS

2014 ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
A. JALILA ◽  
D. JEYA MALA ◽  
S. BALAMURUGAN ◽  
K. SABARI NATHAN
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Formal Specification ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Early Measurement ◽  
Class Diagrams ◽  
Fault Proneness ◽  
Uml Models

Formal specification of UML models in OCL is essential to improve software quality. Owing to the use of OCL in precise model specification, its application has been looked in different perspectives such as early measurement of module complexity. Moreover, when UML class diagrams are complemented with OCL, the metrics collected from OCL specification can serve as an indicator of fault-prone components. In the proposed approach an empirical study has been conducted on five soft real time case study applications. In this paper, existing metrics which are applicable to OCL expression are validated using module complexity. Moreover, a new metrics suite, which can be extracted from OCL expressions, has been devoted to quantify module complexity. The proposed metrics suite can be directly extracted from OCL expressions. Relative weight has been assigned to each metric which is selected for the proposed study, based on its importance in fault-prone components identification. The study shows that an analysis on OCL formal specification based metrics is effective in identifying fault-prone components of the system. Furthermore, it helps to distribute efforts required for software development and testing activities.

Developing design literacy through brand-based artefacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina LELIS
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Interaction Structure ◽  
Functional Prototype ◽  
High Willingness

The brand is a powerful representational and identification-led asset that can be used to engage staff in creative, sustainable and developmental activities. Being a brand the result of, foremost, a design exercise, it is fair to suppose that it can be a relevant resource for the advancement of design literacy within organisational contexts. The main objective of this paper was to test and validate an interaction structure for an informed co-design process on visual brand artefacts. To carry on the empirical study, a university was chosen as case study as these contexts are generally rich in employee diversity. A non-functional prototype was designed, and walkthroughs were performed in five focus groups held with staff. The latter evidenced a need/wish to engage with basic design principles and high willingness to participate in the creation of brand design artefacts, mostly with the purposeof increasing its consistent use and innovate in its representation possibilities, whilst augmenting the brand’s socially responsible values.

scholarly journals A case study of a conservation flagship species: the monarch butterfly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie D. Preston ◽  
Julia D. Liao ◽  
Theodore P. Toombs ◽  
Rainer Romero-Canyas ◽  
Julia Speiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Tests Of Association ◽  
And Migration

AbstractWhat makes a flagship species effective in engaging conservation donors? Large, charismatic mammals are typically selected as ambassadors, but a few studies suggest butterflies—and monarchs in particular—may be even more appealing. To gather more information about people’s responses to monarchs, we conducted an empirical study of member submissions to a successful conservation campaign, the Monarch Story Campaign, conducted by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). The set of 691 stories along with their associated demographic and donation data was analyzed in a mixed-methods study using qualitative analysis and tests of association. The results showed that people often described encounters with monarchs in childhood and as adults. They expressed strong, positive emotions, and lauded the monarch’s beauty and other “awe-inspiring” qualities and expressed wonder at their lifecycle (i.e., metamorphosis and migration). They also raised conservation themes of distress at monarch loss, calls for action, and caretaking, such as being “fragile” and “in need.” Sharing personal encounters was associated with current efforts to save the species and more past financial donations, while a second pattern tied more donations to awe at the monarch’s mass migration. These results imply that conservation campaigns built around species people encounter may build lifelong awareness, concern, and actions towards conservation.

scholarly journals The Relation of Test-Related Factors to Software Quality: A Case Study on Apache Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Pecorelli ◽  
Fabio Palomba ◽  
Andrea De Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Software Quality ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Code Coverage ◽  
Production Code ◽  
Software Code ◽  
Class Test ◽  
Code Quality ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

AbstractTesting represents a crucial activity to ensure software quality. Recent studies have shown that test-related factors (e.g., code coverage) can be reliable predictors of software code quality, as measured by post-release defects. While these studies provided initial compelling evidence on the relation between tests and post-release defects, they considered different test-related factors separately: as a consequence, there is still a lack of knowledge of whether these factors are still good predictors when considering all together. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive case study on how test-related factors relate to production code quality in Apache systems. We first investigated how the presence of tests relates to post-release defects; then, we analyzed the role played by the test-related factors previously shown as significantly related to post-release defects. The key findings of the study show that, when controlling for other metrics (e.g., size of the production class), test-related factors have a limited connection to post-release defects.

scholarly journals An empirical study on open position risk assessment using VAR and regression analysis: A case study of Iranian banking industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2135-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khodaei Valahzaghard ◽  
Mina Ghavidel ◽  
Mojtaba Heidar ◽  
Elmira Mahmoudzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Open Position

Diversity Through Bureaucracy: System Judges and Intersectional Diversification of the Israeli Judiciary

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-341
Author(s):  
Alon Jasper
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Social Diversity ◽  
Administrative Roles ◽  
The Social

Abstract This article examines the role bureaucracy has in enhancing the social diversity of judiciaries. It does so by analyzing the Israeli judiciary and its reforms over the last three decades, and the interaction of these reforms with the appearance of intersectional judges—Arab women, Jewish women of Orthodox background, and Jewish women from geographic and economic peripheries—into the Israeli judiciary. Based on an original empirical study, the article shows that the career paths of intersectional judges include administrative roles in the judiciary more often than non-intersectional judges. The article further demonstrates how these administrative career paths were shaped by bureaucratic-minded reforms. The Israeli case study thus shows how the bureaucratic design of the judiciary can accommodate diversity efforts, sometimes unintendedly, and discusses the merits, boundaries, and drawbacks of such bureaucratic design.

UML Class Diagrams: An Empirical Study of Comprehension

2003 ◽  
pp. 149-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Purchase ◽  
Linda Colpoys ◽  
David Carrington ◽  
Matthew McGill
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Class Diagrams
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