IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS EVALUATION OF A NEW MANET ROUTING PROTOCOL IN NS-2

In mobile ad hoc networks, nodes are mobile and have limited energy resource that can quickly deplete due to the multi-hop routing activities, which may gradually lead to an un-operational network. In the past decades, the hunt for a reliable and energy-efficient MANET routing protocol has been extensively researched. In this thesis, a novel routing scheme for MANETs (so-called MAntNet) has been proposed, which is based on the AntNet approach. Precisely, the AntNet algorithm is modified in such a way that the routing decisions are facilitated based on the available nodes energy. Additionally, some energy-aware conditions are introduced in MAntNet and replicated in the conventional AODV routing protocol for MANETs. The resulting energy-aware M-AntNet (E-MAntNet) and energy-aware AODV(E-AODV) are analyzed using NS2 simulations. The results show that E-MAntNet performs significantly better than MAntNet and E-AODV both in terms of network residual energy and number of established connections in the network.

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An Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering ◽

10.30534/ijatcse/2021/011012021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc ◽

Hoc Networks

In recent time, with the fast development of the mobile system, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) have been fucus studied and applied in many areas such as rescue, military, medical applications and smart cities. Due to the characteristics of MANETs, routing protocols must be designed to be flexible, energy-efficient and highly performance achievable. Increasing network lifetime by reducing energy consumption level is a major method in the design of saving energy routing protocols in MANETs. In this study, we propose an improved routing protocol from AODV with a new cost function, applied to MANETs. The simulation results show, our proposed protocol saves energy consumption, increases network life, packet delivery rates, and improves performance over AODV

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Performance Comparison of IACO,AODV Networking Routing Protocols

International Journal of Smart Sensor and Adhoc Network. ◽

10.47893/ijssan.2011.1009 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Miss Shweta Mod ◽

Mr. Jitendra Prithvira

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

End To End Delay ◽

Distance Vector ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc ◽

Hoc Networks

There are several standard protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) that have been developed for devices with higher computing features. The Efficient routing protocols can provide significant benefits to mobile ad hoc networks, in terms of both performance and reliability. Many routing protocols for such networks have been proposed so far. Amongst the most popular ones are Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Improved Ant Colony Optimization (IACO). In this paper we present our observations regarding the performance comparison of the above protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We perform extensive simulations, using NS-2 simulator. The Average end-to-end delay and the Packet Delivery Ratio have been considered as the two performance parameters

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Study the effect of sound encodings on AD-HOC networks using TORA routing protocol and VOIP application: دراسة تأثير ترميزات الصوت على شبكات AD-HOCباستخدام بروتوكول التوجيه TORA وتطبيق VOIP

Journal of engineering sciences and information technology - مجلة العلوم الهندسية و تكنولوجيا المعلومات ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.s160519 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Suleiman Zidan Aldarf, Jamal Al-yassin

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Data Transfer ◽

Node Mobility ◽

Small Areas ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc ◽

Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are used for data transfer. The nodes of such networks do not require presetting. They are characterized by dynamic data transfer during their movement of the nodes. Routing protocols of mobile ad-hoc networks differ from the existing internet protocols which are designed for the fixed structure based wireless networks. MANET protocols have to face high challenges due to dynamically changing of topologies, low transmission power and asymmetric links. Due to link instability, node mobility and frequently changing topologies routing becomes one of the core issues in MANETs. Currently existent routing protocols provide routing solutions up to a certain level and most of them are designed and implemented in small areas. Many researchers are still working on the developments of MANET routing protocols. This research study effect of some voice codecs on ad-hoc networks using the (TORA routing protocol) and by running the VOIP application on a network randomized scenario. This effect will be compared through several performance parameters for the network used. The Network Simulation Program (OPNET), which is the first program in the area of telecommunications networks in general, is used to provide accurate results for studies in the field of networks.

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FSR Evaluation Using the Suboptimal Operational Values

Integrated Approaches in Information Technology and Web Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-418-7.ch014 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 203-211

Author(s):

Osama H.S. Khader

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Packet Delivery Ratio ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Packet Delivery ◽

Large Populations ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc ◽

Hoc Networks

In mobile ad hoc networks, routing protocols are becoming more complicated and problematic. Routing in mobile ad hoc networks is multi-hop because of the limited communication range of wireless radios. Since nodes in the network can move freely and randomly, an efficient routing protocol is needed in order for such networks to be able to perform well in such an environment. In this environment the routing strategy is applied such that it is flexible enough to handle large populations and mobility and be able to minimize the use of the battery. Also it should be designed to achieve maximum packet delivery ratio. Further more, the routing protocol must perform well in terms of fast convergence, low routing delay, and low control overhead traffic. In this paper an improved implementation of the Fisheye State Routing (FSR) protocols is presented, where a new selection routing criteria that utilizes a minimum number of hops is a selection metric. The results obtained from simulation indicate that the fewer number of hops used the better and more efficient the output for packet delivery ratio was generated.

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Neighborhood-Based Route Discovery Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications ◽

10.4018/jmcmc.2013070105 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 68-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sanaa A. Alwidian ◽

Ismail M. Ababneh ◽

Muneer O. Bani Yassein

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Selection Process ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Route Discovery ◽

Network Simulator ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc ◽

Hoc Networks

Network–wide broadcasting is used extensively in mobile ad hoc networks for route discovery and for disseminating data throughout the network. Flooding is a common approach to performing network-wide broadcasting. Although it is a simple mechanism that can achieve high delivery ratio, flooding consumes much of the communication bandwidth and causes serious packet redundancy, contention and collision. In this paper, the authors propose new broadcast schemes that reduce the overhead associated with flooding. In these schemes, a node selects a subset of its neighbors for forwarding the packet being broadcast to additional nodes. The selection process has for goal reducing the number of neighbors and maximizing the number of nodes that they can reach (i.e., forward the packet to). By applying this novel neighborhood-based broadcasting strategy, the authors have come up with routing protocols that have very low overhead. These protocols were implemented and simulated within the GloMoSim 2.03 network simulator. The simulation experiments show that our routing protocols can reduce the overhead for both low and high mobility substantially, as compared with the well-known and promising AODV routing protocol. In addition, they outperform AODV by increasing the delivery ratio and decreasing the end-to-end delays of data packets.

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Energy-aware ant colony optimization based routing for mobile ad hoc networks

10.32920/ryerson.14664300 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ssowjanya Harishankar

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Residual Energy ◽

Energy Aware ◽

Manet Routing ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc ◽

Hoc Networks

In mobile ad hoc networks, nodes are mobile and have limited energy resource that can quickly deplete due to the multi-hop routing activities, which may gradually lead to an un-operational network. In the past decades, the hunt for a reliable and energy-efficient MANET routing protocol has been extensively researched. In this thesis, a novel routing scheme for MANETs (so-called MAntNet) has been proposed, which is based on the AntNet approach. Precisely, the AntNet algorithm is modified in such a way that the routing decisions are facilitated based on the available nodes energy. Additionally, some energy-aware conditions are introduced in MAntNet and replicated in the conventional AODV routing protocol for MANETs. The resulting energy-aware M-AntNet (E-MAntNet) and energy-aware AODV(E-AODV) are analyzed using NS2 simulations. The results show that E-MAntNet performs significantly better than MAntNet and E-AODV both in terms of network residual energy and number of established connections in the network.

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Performance Analysis of AODV and OLSR protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Network using NS3

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences ◽

10.47992/ijmts.2581.6012.0124 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 372-379

Author(s):

Soumya S. ◽

Krishna Prasad K. ◽

Navin N. Bappalige

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Ad Hoc Network ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽

Base Station ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc ◽

Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad Hoc networks is a network in which energy is a main constraint and selection of a protocol that minimizes the energy usage is a key issue. Mobile Ad hoc network communicates with other nodes, without the help of base station and Communication is possible by forwarding a data unit consisting of control information and user data known as packets from one node to other. Furthermore, another key issue in mobile ad hoc networks is routing since the nodes are in mobility and tend to change the paths and move out of the network. The evaluation of energy efficient routing protocols can be effectively performed using NS3. Three types of routing protocols can be seen, Reactive, Proactive and Hybrid and in this paper, AODV a reactive protocol and OLSR a proactive protocol is compared and Delivery ratio of packets, Packet Loss and count of packets received are evaluated to analyze the energy efficiency of protocols based on these metrics.

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Performance Analysis of MANET Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols Using Network Simulator 2

JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) ◽

10.24843/jlk.2020.v08.i03.p06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

I Wayan Adi Saputra ◽

I Komang Ari Mogi

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Network Routing ◽

Propagation Model ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc ◽

Hoc Networks

The development of Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) has the nature and character of a fast, costeffective. The development of Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) has the nature and character of a fast, cost-effective deployment and able to manage the topology independently. This has caused in recent years, MANET to be an interesting and popular thing to study. MANET can be applied even in difficult areas, forest fire detection, military operations and even health monitoring. Changes in the topology dynamically on MANET, limited energy consumption, and built without existing infrastructure are a problem in MANET. Problems especially dynamic topology changes make routing very important in MANET design. This article aims to analyze AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols based on quality of service (QoS). The test scenario is based on the number of nodes, packet size, area of simulation, simulation time, simulation speed, mobility model, and propagation model. The simulation that has been done produces 4 graphs, each of which explains the packet delivery ratio, throughput, network routing load, and delay. Simulation results are obtained using NS2 network simulators through *. Tcl files and generate *. Tr (trace) and *.nam (animator) files. Simulation results show that the DSR routing protocol has better performance than AODV and DSDV in terms of pdr, throughput, network routing load, and delay. The average value of the DSR routing protocol is 657,498 on throughput and 0.244 milliseconds on delay.

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