Discussion on Key Points and Common Problems of Quality Supervision in Highway Pavement Construction

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Points ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Highway Pavement

scholarly journals Renal function, electrolytes, and congestion monitoring in heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_M) ◽  
pp. M25-M31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rossignol ◽  
Andrew Js Coats ◽  
Ovidiu Chioncel ◽  
Ilaria Spoletini ◽  
Giuseppe Rosano
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Association Meeting ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Current Guidelines

Abstract Congestion, renal function, and electrolyte imbalance (particularly potassium) are common problems in the management of the complex multi-morbid patient with heart failure (HF). Poor control of these fundamental clinical features is associated with adverse outcomes. Close monitoring of serum potassium and renal function is recommended by most current guidelines during the management of an episode of acute decompensated HF, yet the recommendations remain poorly implemented. Physicians are advised to treat a state of euvolaemia after an admission with decompensated HF and residual congestion is a marker of worse outcome, yet control of congestion is poorly assessed and managed in real-world practice. This document reflects the key points discussed by a panel of experts during a Heart Failure Association meeting on physiological monitoring of the complex multi-morbid HF patient, and here, we present to aspects related to renal function, electrolyte, and congestion monitoring.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Lateritic Soil from Selected Locations along Ibadan – Oyo Expressway for Highway Pavement Construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M Osuolale ◽  
A.A Raheem ◽  
J.R Oluremi ◽  
A.K Adeosun
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Limit ◽  
West African ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Highway Pavement

A good understanding of the engineering properties of lateritic soil is highly essential for effective use of the soil for highway pavement construction. The alarming rate of highway pavement failures within the study area has been attributed to paucity of information on the properties of the soil within the study zone. Therefore, the lateritic soils along selected locations along Ibadan – Oyo were characterised for their suitability for highway construction. Ten (10) lateritic soil samples were collected and they were labelled Trial Pit (TP) 1 to 10. The samples were subjected to the following laboratory tests: Sieve analysis, Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), and Shrinkage Limit (SL), British Standard (BS), West African Standard (WAS), Modified AASHTO compaction and California bearing ratio. The samples were classified using AASHTO classification system. The results of the sieve analyses for percentage passing the 75 m ranged from 15.6 – 33.7%, LL, PL and SL ranged from 30.1 – 39.2%, 2.6 – 23.1%, and 2.1 – 9.3%, respectively. The maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) for British, West African and Modified AASHTO compaction ranged from (1.48 – 1.94 g/cm’ and 10.40 – 16.40%), (1.69 – 2.40 g/cm’ and 9.60-14.40%) and (1.79 – 2.60 g/cm’ and 6.60- 11.60%), respectively. The ten samples are classified as A-2-6 soil. Based on the characterisation, all the samples are only suitable for fill and subgrade except sample TP2 that is also suitable for subbase and base course construction in highway pavement.

scholarly journals NEURAL NETWORKS SURROGATE MODELS FOR SIMULATING PAYMENT RISK IN PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION/NEURONINIŲ TINKLŲ PAKAITALO MODELIS MOKĖJIMO RIZIKAI KELIŲ STATYBOJE NUSTATYTI

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshu Manik ◽  
Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Shengquan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Surrogate Models ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Highway Pavement

A common provision in quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) highway pavement construction contracts is the adjustment of the pay that a contractor receives on the basis of the quality of the construction. It is important to both the contractor and the contracting agency to examine the amount of pay that the contractor can expect to receive for a given level of construction quality. Previous studies have shown that computer simulations can provide a better, more detailed examination of the pay schedule than is possible by simply determining the expected pay. In particular, the simulation process can provide an indication of the variability of pay at various quality levels and can identify the factors most responsible for pay adjustments. Stochastic simulation models are very useful in estimating and analyzing payment risk in highway pavement construction. However, such models are constrained by their computational requirements, and it is often necessary to couple them with simpler models to speed up the process of decision‐making. This paper investigates the use of Neural Networks (NN) to build surrogate models for a pavement construction payment‐risk prediction model. The results show that although the average error associated with the NN predictions are acceptable; in some particular cases the errors may be unacceptably high. Santrauka Bendroji sąlyga kokybės kontrolės užtikrinimo (QC/QA) kelių tiesimo sutartyse yra užmokesčio nustatymas. Jį rangovas gauna atsižvelgdamas į statybos kokybę. Svarbu rangovui ir agentūrai išnagrinėti užmokesčio kiekį, kurio rangovas gali tikėtis gauti už tam tikrą statybų kokybę. Ankstesni tyrimai parodė, kad pasitelkiant kompiuterinį modeliavimą galima gauti geresnį, daug išsamesnį apmokėjimo vaizdą. Tai galima padaryti paprasčiausiai nustatant tikėtiną užmokestį. Modeliavimo procesas rodo užmokesčio kitimą paisant kokybės ir gali pateikti veiksnius, nuo kurių priklauso kainos nustatymas. Tikimybinis modelis yra labai naudingas apskaičiuojant ir analizuojant užmokesčio riziką tiesiant kelių dangas. Tačiau tokie modeliai yra suvaržyti kompiuterinių reikalavimų, ir dažnai juos reikia susieti su paprastesniais modeliais norint greitinti sprendimų priėmimo procesą. Šiame straipsnyje tyrinėjamas neuroninių tinklų naudojimas pakeičiantiems modeliams sukurti norint teisingai nustatyti kelių dangos tiesimo užmokestį. Rezultatai parodė, kad vidutinė paklaida, susijusi su neuroninių tinklų spėjimu, yra priimtina, tačiau kai kuriais atvejais paklaidos gali būti neleistinai didelės.

Workflow management and productivity control for asphalt pavement operations

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyun Choi ◽  
R Edward Minchin
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Production Variability ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Intensive Work ◽  
High Uncertainty ◽  
Highway Pavement

The construction industry is characterized by high uncertainty and variability in terms of controlling the production and productivity of its operations. Construction projects are sophisticated and have a much larger range of uncertainty than, say, the manufacturing production line. Previous research has shown the cause-and-effect between workflow management and production, but most documented research studied labor-intensive operations, partly because less variability has been assumed in the production of equipment-intensive operations. Therefore, measurement of productivity for equipment-intensive work has been almost nonexistent, and charts and tables provided by manufacturers are relied upon with no regard for factors other than those acknowledged by the manufacturer's handbook. The research team assembled for this study measured daily production rates for highway pavement construction, verified factors that adversely affected performance, and quantified the loss of work hours caused by each factor. The team found that productivity in highway pavement construction contains significant variability.Key words: workflow management, equipment intensive, production variability, highway pavement, delay, disruption.

scholarly journals Why is medical oxygen a challenge for people travelling by air?

Breathe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Orritt ◽  
Pippa Powell ◽  
Isabel Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
List Type ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Educational Aims ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Oxygen Equipment

There are currently 3.5 million people in Europe who require medical oxygen, and as life expectancies increase, this figure is likely to grow. At the same time, air travel is becoming more accessible to a wider range of people, as costs of flights fall, and airlines and airports make improvements to the accessibility of their services.People who need medical oxygen to fly experience a wide range of difficulties when planning to travel by plane, and sometimes during or after the flight.A European Commission Regulation (EC No 1107/2006) sets the standard for airlines when it comes to making air travel accessible, but healthcare professionals and oxygen providers can both help patients to navigate the various requirements for using medical oxygen when travelling.In this review, we discuss the journey of the patient planning to travel by air, from initial consultation and fit-to-fly test, through to planning their air travel and oxygen supply, travelling, and arriving at their destination. We also highlight some common problems at each stage and suggest points for healthcare professionals to discuss with patients.Key pointsPatients who require medical oxygen for air travel should begin planning their trip as far in advance as possible.It is very advantageous for healthcare professionals to be able to advise patients on travelling with oxygen and what they need to do.Requirements and policies can vary greatly between airlines, causing problems for patients who are trying to book their flights.Patients or their carers need to be confident operating their oxygen equipment, as the stress of travel and lack of medical assistance on an airplane can put them at risk.Careful arrangements need to be made by the patient to make sure that they have the correct oxygen therapy at their destination, and can access support if they need it.Educational aimsTo understand the process and potential challenges for a patient who requires oxygen to travel by plane.To be confident in discussing air travel with patients who are affected by lung disease.

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