CAROTID DOPPLER INDICES WITH AGE AND BODY MASS INDEX IN A SAMPLED NIGERIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Sobechukwu Warric Onwuzu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Carotid Doppler

Background: Carotid Doppler studies are frequently carried out to assess for possible stenosis resulting from the presence of carotid plaques. The carotid peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) are key indices for determining the severity of the stenosis. However, normative values of these parameters may be dependent on anthropological variables like age and body mass index (BMI) Objective: The study was aimed at assessing the variations of PSV and EDV with age and BMI in a sampled Nigerian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 204 participants (72 males and 132 non-gravid females) aged between 20 and 70 years who were normotensive with no cardiovascular diseases were selected. Their ages, BMI, PSV and the EDV were measured using standard protocols for the four segments of the carotid artery: common carotid (CC), carotid bulb (CB), internal carotid (IC) and the external carotid (EC). Data obtained were presented using tables and line graphs while the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant differences in measurement across the groups. Results: The mean PSV recorded were 88.25 ± 7.43 cm/s for the CC, 73.93 ± 6.23 cm/s for the IC, 51.01 ± 4.30 cm/s for the CB and 50.41 ± 4.25 cm/s for the EC. There was a steady increase of the PSV between 20 and 46 years from 74.91 cm/s to 98.78 cm/s for the CC, from 62.76 cm/s to 82.75 cm/s for the IC, from 42.80 cm/s to 56.43 cm/s for the EC and from 43.30 cm/s to 57.10 cm/s for the CB. The maximum EDV measured for the IC was (24.75 ± 2.11 cm/s). Others were 21.12 ± 1.8 cm/s for the CC, 19.38 ± 1.65 cm/s for CB and 16.92 ± 1.44 cm/s for the EC. The EDV also increased steadily between 20 to 46 years from 17.76 cm/s to 23.68 cm/s for the CC, from 21.04 cm/s to 27.75 cm/s for the IC, from 14.38 cm/s to 18.97 cm/s for the EC and from 16.48 cm/s to 21.73 cm/s for the CB. The PSV and EDV varied significantly with age (p > 0.05). Also, the PSV and EDV increased slightly with increasing BMI from 30 – 31.9 kg/m2. For a BMI of 20 kg/m2 to 32 kg/m2, the increase in PSV were from 79.48 cm/s to 90.75 cm/s for the CC, from 66.58 cm/s to 76.03 cm/s for the IC, from 45.40 cm/s to 51.85 cm/s for the EC and from 45.94 cm/s to 52.46 cm/s for the CV. Similarly, the PSV and EDV values decreased at a BMI of 30 – 31.99 kg/m2. Thus, the BMI was significantly associated with PSV and EDV across all segments of the carotid artery (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There are significant variations in carotid PSV and EDV with age and BMI. These variations should be taken into consideration when diagnoses on alterations in carotid artery flow are to be made using PSV and EDV values.

scholarly journals Levels of agreement in the measurements of carotid artery ultrasound across a regional vascular network

Ultrasound ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyn Alexander McKenna ◽  
Michelle Clare Bonfield ◽  
Teresa Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Vascular Network ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Spectral Doppler

Introduction Duplex ultrasound is often the sole imaging modality used in diagnosing carotid artery disease. However, the reproducibility and repeatability of scientists in determining the peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity of the internal carotid artery and common carotid artery (CCA) is widely debated. Study aim To investigate intra- and inter-operator variability in diagnostic ultrasound of the carotid arteries across a centralised vascular network using a healthy test subject. To identify potential causes of variability and highlight areas for improvement. Methods Fifteen vascular scientists across four hospital Trusts in the Bristol, Bath and Weston vascular network measured the peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity of the internal carotid artery and common carotid artery in a subject using a single portable ultrasound machine. A double blind assessment of spectral Doppler images was performed by two vascular clinical scientists for optimal caliper placement, spectral gain and angle correction. Results were compared for intra- and inter-operator variability. Results Initial quality assessment of the Doppler images revealed that three out of 15 scientists produced suboptimal results. Box plot analysis of the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery for each scientist revealed significant variance (ANOVA p < 0.05). However, a Levene’s test revealed no single operator who consistently produced highly variable results ( p = 0.569). Conclusion This study highlights the difficulty in obtaining consistent velocity measurements from a subject. Despite the variability in absolute peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity, scientists were generally consistent in obtaining an optimal spectral Doppler trace. Some issues with consistency were, however, identified which were subsequently addressed.

scholarly journals Carotid artery diameter assessment in men and women and the relation to age, sex and body mass index using ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1274
Author(s):  
Magaji G. Ojaare ◽  
Terkimbi I. Annongu ◽  
Chia D. Msuega ◽  
Hameed O. Mohammad ◽  
Abubakar Farati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Left Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
The Common

Background: Carotid artery dimensions are increasingly used for detecting early atherosclerosis and predicting clinical complications. Aim was to explore relationships between gender, age and body mass index (BMI) and the diameters of the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) using ultrasonography.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital between February-October, 2011. The 400 adult males and females above 18 years underwent carotid artery ultrasonography for measurement of the IMT of the common and internal carotid arteries. The influence of age, sex, weight, height, and the basal metabolic index (BMI) was investigated.Results: There were 239 (59.80%) males and 161 (40.20%) females aged between 18 to 81 years (Mean±SD, 36.74±14.79 years). The mean±SD diameters for right common carotid artery (RCCA) and left common carotid artery (LCCA) were 6.39±0.71mm and 6.28±0.74mm respectively. The right internal carotid artery (RICA) and left internal carotid artery (LICA) had mean±SD diameters of 4.63±0.63 mm and 4.61±0.63 mm respectively. The luminal diameters of the carotid arteries increased significantly with age and increased BMI. The luminal diameters of the CCA and ICA were significantly smaller in women than in men.Conclusions: Common carotid and internal carotid artery luminal diameter tends to be larger in men than women among adults and increases with age and BMI. There is no difference in the luminal diameter between the left and right carotid artery. 

Cardiometabolic Risks Among Survivors of Childhood Hematologic Malignancies.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4113-4113
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Mulrooney ◽  
Aaron Kelly ◽  
K. Scott Baker ◽  
Lyn Steffen ◽  
Jill Lunsford-Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Abstract 4113 Survival rates for childhood hematologic malignancies continue to improve. Research suggests these individuals are at increased risk for late adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This analysis includes children (n=101) who survived ≥ 5-yrs following diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n=78), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n=5), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n=18), compared to their frequency matched healthy siblings (n=123). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids were collected; insulin resistance was assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, adjusted for lean body mass (low Mlbm represents insulin resistance); carotid artery stiffness (distensibility and compliance – low levels represent increased stiffness), adjusted for lumen diameter, was assessed by ultrasound. Least squares means and standard errors, adjusted for age, gender, pubertal development, and body mass index (BMI) were compared. Survivors (63.4% male) mean age at diagnosis was 10.3 yrs (5.7-15.8) and 15.0 yrs (9.9-17.9) at evaluation; siblings (56.1% male) were 13.6 yrs (9.0-18.0) at evaluation. Among survivors, 88 (87.1%) received chemotherapy only and 13 (12.9%) chemotherapy and cranial radiation. Metabolic syndrome (MS) (modified criteria for children) was present in 8 (7.9%) survivors vs. 6 (4.9%) siblings (p=0.35). Nevertheless, 25 (24.8 %) survivors had two or more MS components compared to 17 (13.8 %) siblings (p=0.04). There were no differences between cases and siblings on measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference, % body fat, visceral fat), BP, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids. However, survivors were significantly more insulin resistant and had stiffer carotid arteries compared to controls (Table). Despite similar levels of adiposity, survivors of childhood hematologic malignancies demonstrate signs of insulin resistance and increased vascular stiffness at a young age compared to healthy controls. These findings highlight: 1) the heightened cardiovascular risk profile among children who survived hematologic malignancies and 2) that the typical components of the MS may not be sufficiently sensitive measures of risk in this young population. Survivors (n = 101) Siblings (n = 123) (p) LS means (SE) LS means (SE) Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) 21.3 (0.5) 21.2 (0.5) 0.8 Visceral fat (cm3) 22.8 (1.0) 22.3 (1.0) 0.7 Insulin resistance [Mlbm (mg/kg/min)] 12.6 (0.5) 14.2 (0.5) 0.007 Carotid artery distensibility (%) 13.5 (0.4) 14.9 (0.4) 0.004 Carotid artery compliance (mm2/mmHg) 0.16 (0.004) 0.17 (0.004) 0.008 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Impact of Body Mass Index on Changes in Common Carotid Artery Wall Thickness

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1000-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Stevens ◽  
Juhaeri ◽  
Jianwen Cai ◽  
Gregory W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Carotid Artery Wall

scholarly journals Greater ultrasonographic changes in pediatric moyamoya patients compared with adults after indirect revascularization surgeries

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Joe Yeh ◽  
Sung-Chun Tang ◽  
Li-Kai Tsai ◽  
Chung-Wei Lee ◽  
Ya-Fang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Indirect Revascularization

OBJECTIVEPediatric and adult patients with moyamoya disease experience similar clinical benefits from indirect revascularization surgeries, but there are still debates about age-related angiographic differences of the collaterals established after surgery. The goal of this study was to assess age-related differences on ultrasonography before and after indirect revascularization surgeries in moyamoya patients, focusing on some ultrasonographic parameters known to be correlated with the collaterals supplied by the external carotid artery (ECA).METHODSThe authors prospectively included moyamoya patients (50 and 26 hemispheres in pediatric and adult patients, respectively) who would undergo indirect revascularization surgery. Before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, the patients underwent ultrasonographic examinations. The ultrasonographic parameters included peak-systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI), and flow volume (FV) measured in the ECA, superficial temporal artery (STA), and internal carotid artery on the operated side. The mean values, absolute changes, and percentage changes of these parameters were compared between the pediatric and adult patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to clarify the determinants affecting postoperative EDV changes in the STA.RESULTSBefore surgery, the adult patients had mean higher EDV and lower RI in the STA and ECA than the pediatric group (all p < 0.05). After surgery, the pediatric patients had greater changes (absolute and percentage changes) in the PSV, EDV, RI, and FV in the STA and ECA (all p < 0.05). The factors affecting postoperative EDV changes in the STA at 6 months were age (p = 0.006) and size of the revascularization area (i.e., revascularization in more than the temporal region vs within the temporal region; p = 0.009). Pediatric patients who received revascularization procedures in more than the temporal region had higher velocities (PSV and EDV) in the STA than those who received revascularization within the temporal region (p < 0.05 at 1–6 months), but such differences were not observed in the adult group.CONCLUSIONSThe greater changes of these parameters in the STA and ECA in pediatric patients than in adults after indirect revascularization surgeries indicated that pediatric patients might have a greater increase of collaterals postoperatively than adults. Pediatric patients who undergo revascularization in more than the temporal region might have more collaterals than those who undergo revascularization within the temporal region.

scholarly journals P1836 Common carotid artery intima-media thickness correlates with the epicardial fat thickness in patients with ischemic stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Serova ◽  
V Serov ◽  
A Shutov ◽  
S Serova ◽  
A Kovalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Epicardial Fat ◽  
Epicardial Fat Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

Abstract The relationship between epicardial fat thickness and coronary atherosclerosis is well known, but the value of the increased epicardial fat thickness in cerebrovascular diseases is still unclear. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between common carotid artery intima–media thickness (CCA-IMT), the resistance index (RI) in the vertebral and carotid arteries and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods 98 patients with ischemic stroke (31 females and 67 males, mean age was 68.2 ± 12.1 years) were studied. All patients had arterial hypertension (AH). Most of them (96.9%) had grade 3 hypertension according to ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, 2018. Forty-two (43.1%) patients had coronary artery disease and 35 (35.4%) - atrial fibrillation (AF). The exclusion criteria was the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other diseases associated with pulmonary hypertension. Patients were categorized according to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) severity in mild NIHSS (≤8) - 54 (55.1%) patients, moderate NIHSS (9–15) - 23 (23.5%) patients, and severe stroke NIHSS (≥16) - 21 (21.4%) patients. Median NIHSS score was 11.2 ± 1.7. All patients underwent a transthoracic echocardiography and a carotid ultrasound examination. Results The common carotid artery intima–media thickness correlated with EFT (r =0.78, p &lt; 0.001), the body mass index (r = 0.7, p &lt; 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.25, p = 0.045). The resistance index in the vertebral and carotid arteries correlated only with EFT (r = 0.7, p &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.78, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and body mass index (r = 0.58, p &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.68, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). A multiple regression analysis in which the CCA-IMT was a dependent variable and age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, blood cholesterol level and epicardial fat thickness were independent variables, showed that CCA-IMT was independently correlated with blood cholesterol level (β=0.714, р&lt;0.001) and EFT (β =0.255, р=0.002) in patients with ischemic stroke. Conclusions The common carotid artery intima–media thickness and parameters of the arterial stiffness of the extracranial vessels of the head are associated with the epicardial fat thickness and blood cholesterol level in patients with ischemic stroke. The common carotid artery intima–media thickness does not depend on age, gender, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with ischemic stroke.

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