scholarly journals Fitting Volume Delay Functions under interrupted and uninterrupted flow conditions at Greek urban roads

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Roza E. Barka
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
City Center ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Loop Detectors ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The City ◽  
Derived Data

This paper presents the calibration of the most commonly used Volume Delay Functions (VDF): BPR, Conical, Akcelik and Modified Davidson, for an urban area populated by over 1 million inhabitants, the city of Thessaloniki in Greece. The estimation of the unknown coefficients was carried out for a typical freeway, the ring road of the city, and selected arterial and collected roads of the city center, through recent data of hourly observed vehicle speeds and volumes obtained from video recordings and loop detectors. The BPR function yielded the highest accuracy across all the examined road sections and was characterized as the most suitable to simulate and interpret the existing traffic conditions. The estimated coefficients differed significantly from the values proposed in the pertinent literature, which highlights the importance of using locally derived data for the calibration of the VDFs.

scholarly journals Estimation of Surface Runoff to Bahr AL-Najaf

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Ataa Ali Farhan ◽  
Basim Sh. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
City Center ◽  
P Factor ◽  
Sensitive Parameters ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Assessment

The estimation of the amounts of Surface runoff resulting from rainfall in the water basins is of great importance in water resources management. The study area (Bahr Al-Najaf) is located on the western edge of the plateau and the southwestern part of the city center of Najaf, with an area of 2729.4 (km2). The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) with ArcGIS software was used to simulate the runoff coming from the three main valleys (Kharr (A and B)), Shoaib Al-Rahimawi, and Maleh), that contribute the flow to the study area. The results of the model showed that the SWAT software was successfully simulating the flow conditions based on the coefficient of determination (R2), the Nash coefficient (NSE), P-factor, and R-factor for calibration (validation)  ranged between 0.59-0.62 (0.51-0.59), 0.59-0.66 (0,.60-0.62), 0.57-0.76 (0.62-0.76), and 0.58-0.74 (0.55-0.70) respectively for these valleys. Moreover, the sensitivity results revealed that the most sensitive parameters in (SWAT-CUP) SWAT calibration and uncertainty programs are the curve number (CN2) for the runoff, soil available water capacity (SOL_AWC), and Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Soil_k), according to the calibration results for the main three valleys related the study area. Three hypothesis scenarios were implemented according to the assumed amount of precipitation that would submit a water level of 16,18, and 22 (m.a.m.s.l.) which would result in filling with the bounded lake, the whole study area, and exceeding the boundaries to flood part of the ancient Najaf City.

scholarly journals Building Rejuvenation Approach Through Revitalization, Rehabilitation and Redevelopment - Case of Vertical Housing in Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 04036
Author(s):  
Apriansyah Saputra ◽  
Hendrajaya Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Land Value ◽  
City Center ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Housing Area ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
The City

Jakarta, as the center of government, trading, business, and industry becomes the main destination for many migrants to find jobs. This results in the massive population increase in Jakarta every year while the urban area availability has contrast proportion with the needs of housing area. The limited urban area, as well as the increase of land value, is not possible to build new housing area in the city center. The solution of this problem is rejuvenation of the buildings that have already existed. In this case, the writers carry the rejuvenation case of the vertical housing in Kebon Kacang XI that is close to the age limit of the building and has looked slum thus created visibility gap between the vertical housing and the other housing areas and could get the gentrification results. Besides, Kebon Kacang XI vertical housing is located in the center of Jakarta and has increasing BCR so that it is able to maximize the unit of building capacity to fulfill the needs of affordable houses in the city. The aims of this paper are to find out and to compare three different forms of rejuvenation as the solution of housing area provision for the low-income people in the city center through revitalization, rehabilitation, and redevelopment approach.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter Concentrations within the Urban Area of Athens, Greece

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Najam ◽  
Konstantinos Moustris ◽  
Panagiotis Nastos
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
City Center ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

The main objective of this work is to investigate the temporal variation of PM10 concentrations within the urban area of Athens during the years 2001-2015. For this purpose, the time series of the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm (PM10) is recorded for a 15-year period (2001-2015) in two different monitoring stations located in the urban area of Athens. The results show a totally different behavior of PM10 concentrations between the Athens city center and the suburban areas. It seems that in the city center the main sources of PM10 are traffic and heating systems especially during the cold period of the year. Furthermore, in the city center a significant seasonal variation was found with high concentrations during the cold period of the year and lower concentrations during the warm period of the year. Moreover, it was found that during the weekends, there is a decrease in PM10 concentrations probably due to the fact that majority of people do not use their vehicles. Finally, for both locations a significant temporal decreasing trend of the mean annual PM10 concentrations was found which indicates that during the last years, there have been improvements towards a better air quality.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Ring Road Conclusion to the City of Guimarães, Portugal: Analysis of Variations of Traffic Flows and Accessibilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
High Traffic Volume ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The high traffic volume is the main source of the congestion in cities, which is a big problem on transportation systems. This congestion is the main cause of the increase in the level of noise and air pollution in urban centers what directly affects the quality of life of the population. Also, contributing to the big number of vehicle conflicts that affects the performance of the transportation systems and the quality of life of the population. These problems are the result of the high volumes of the through traffic. Therefore, to reduce the traffic volume in urban center of Guimarães, Portugal we studied a possible conclusion of the ring road, on the slope of the Penha hill for the morning peak hour. To carry out our study, the Origin – Destination Matrix for peak hour was estimated from the data of traffic counts. Concluding that there was a reduction of the traffic volume in the section of the ring road that was already built. However, in the city center there were no major variations of the traffic volume and accessibilities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dynamics of atmospheric air pollution of the city center by emissions of the road transport using cartographic method

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
A.A. Dementyev ◽  
◽  
A.M. Tsurgan ◽  
N.V. Chudinin ◽  
D.A. Soloviev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
City Center ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The City ◽  
Heavy Traffic Conditions

When characterizing vehicle emissions, as a rule, the speed of traffic flows is not taken into account, which significantly reduces its accuracy. In this regard, the use of the cartographic method for assessing the speed of traffic flows on the tracks is quite reasonable and relevant. The assessment of the intra-annual dynamics of the intensity of traffic flows and emissions of the main components of exhaust gases by vehicles on the streets of the city of Ryazan and bypass roads using a cartographic method for recording the intensity of traffic flows was carried out. The study was conducted in 2018–2019 on the territory of Ryazan. The material used for the study was cartographic data published in free access on the website www.yandex.ru traffic jams. The length of traffic flows with a speed of 5-10 km / h (heavy traffic conditions – TTU) was determined at different times of the day on days of the week. The indicators of the average hourly length of heavy transport conditions were calculated. Bypass roads of the city were characterized by a significantly greater length of sections with TTU compared to the city streets from Tuesday to Thursday and Sunday (p<0.05). The increased complication of traffic conditions during morning and evening rush hours led to an average annual increase in emissions of the main components of vehicle exhaust gases of 17.7% and 14.9% respectively, with the largest increase in emissions being typical for the city center. At the same time, the maximum complication of transport conditions on the bypass roads was observed in the summer and spring (from Monday to Wednesday and Sunday), while on city highways - on working days in the autumn and weekends in winter. On the city streets, the greatest length of heavy traffic conditions during the morning rush hour was observed in winter, and the shortest was in summer, while the evening rush hour, on the contrary, was most pronounced in autumn. On the bypass roads, there was a clear tendency towards heavier transport conditions over a longer period of the day according to the scheme winter–autumn–spring– summer.

scholarly journals Influence of a Great Plains Urban Environment on a Simulated Supercell

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 1437-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa J. Reames ◽  
David J. Stensrud
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North ◽  
The City

Abstract The effect of urban areas on weakly forced precipitation systems has been studied extensively. However, interactions between urban areas and strongly forced convection, such as supercells, remain relatively unexamined. The present study uses simulations of a supercell to quantify the impacts of a large plains urban area on the evolution and strength of a supercell. An initial ensemble of simulations (CTRLE) of a supercell over homogeneous land use is performed using the WRF-ARW Model. Additionally, 108 simulations are conducted in which the land-use pattern of Dallas–Ft. Worth, Texas, is placed inside the model domain, with the city center shifted to be in or near the path of the supercell. Simulations with urban areas are compared to CTRLE, with the aid of hierarchical clustering analysis to form statistically similar groups of simulations. Clustering analyses identify groups of ensemble members with closely located urban areas that have similar patterns of 0–1-km updraft helicity and near-surface minimum temperature and maximum wind speeds. Comparison of these groups of ensemble members to CTRLE suggests the urban area has a significant impact on storm characteristics, particularly on low-level rotation and mesocyclone track. Simulations where the storm passes to the north of or directly over the city center late in its life cycle deviate most significantly from CTRLE. In these members, low-and midlevel mesocyclone strength increases, and the mesocyclone tracks farther south when compared to CTRLE.

scholarly journals The regional pattern of renewal in urban residential areas in Germany since the 1970s

Dela ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
Ito Tetsuya
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Regional Pattern ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Units

This study uses the case of Nuremberg to investigate the regional pattern of renewal in urban residential areas on a middle scale from the standpoint of physical and social structure in Ger-many since the 1970s when the supply of dwellings surpassed demand and many urban renewal projects have been carried out. I study the regional pattern of social structure, social housing units, urban renewal projects and the number of construction in the urban area. The regional pattern of renewal is divided into two types in the urban area located within a radius of 3 km from the city center and in the southern area.

Жизненное состояние древесных насаждений в условиях города Актобе (Казахстан)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
S. A. Abiev ◽  
S. A. Aipeisova ◽  
N. A. Utarbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Health State ◽  
Urban Habitats ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Vital State ◽  
Ulmus Laevis ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
The City ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

<p>The purpose of our work is to assess the health state of woody plants growing in different habitats of the city of Aktobe. We have studied the health state of arboreal and shrubby plants growing in various urban habitats; the survey was conducted during 2016-2017 by route-visual method. We performed the analysis of species diversity, abundance and density in urban area. The assessment of health state of the trees was made according to V.A. Alekseev. From your data and literature review we established that such species as Ulmus pinnato-ramosa, Acer negundo, Populus tremula, Populus nigra, and Syringa vulgaris have strong winter resistnce in the territory of Aktobe; we registered that only their apex buds and emds of the shoots were frozen in severe winters. The medium-resistant speices include Ulmus laevis and Acer platonoides. They are less plastic and suffer from late spring and early autumn frosts. The Amorpha fruticosa, Vitis vinifera, and Parthenocissus guinguefolia could be considered as the non-resistant species, since they usually freeze up to the snow cover line. The analysis of the vital state made it possible to assess the resistance to urban conditions of the majority of trees and shrubs registered in urban habitats of Aktobe. According to the preliminary data, the origin of the plant and its winter resistance are of main importance when introducing new species to urban area.</p>

Accuracy of On-site Consistent Origin-Destination Estimation Method for Measuring the Actual Numbers of Consumer Shop-around Movements within the City Center of Hanoi, Vietnam

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saburo SAITO ◽  
Tran Ngoc HUY ◽  
Masakuni IWAMI ◽  
Takahiro SATO ◽  
Kosuke YAMASHIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City
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