scholarly journals Influence of a Great Plains Urban Environment on a Simulated Supercell

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 1437-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa J. Reames ◽  
David J. Stensrud
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North ◽  
The City

Abstract The effect of urban areas on weakly forced precipitation systems has been studied extensively. However, interactions between urban areas and strongly forced convection, such as supercells, remain relatively unexamined. The present study uses simulations of a supercell to quantify the impacts of a large plains urban area on the evolution and strength of a supercell. An initial ensemble of simulations (CTRLE) of a supercell over homogeneous land use is performed using the WRF-ARW Model. Additionally, 108 simulations are conducted in which the land-use pattern of Dallas–Ft. Worth, Texas, is placed inside the model domain, with the city center shifted to be in or near the path of the supercell. Simulations with urban areas are compared to CTRLE, with the aid of hierarchical clustering analysis to form statistically similar groups of simulations. Clustering analyses identify groups of ensemble members with closely located urban areas that have similar patterns of 0–1-km updraft helicity and near-surface minimum temperature and maximum wind speeds. Comparison of these groups of ensemble members to CTRLE suggests the urban area has a significant impact on storm characteristics, particularly on low-level rotation and mesocyclone track. Simulations where the storm passes to the north of or directly over the city center late in its life cycle deviate most significantly from CTRLE. In these members, low-and midlevel mesocyclone strength increases, and the mesocyclone tracks farther south when compared to CTRLE.

Cultivated Lands within Urban Area

2013 ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
G. Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Several studies put in evidence the relevant role of cultivated lands in the urban areas. Using GIS methodologies in order to map agricultural areas near or within the town, it is possible to analyze their relationship with the urban area. In this study, the author used several different cartography sources, like digital cartography and orthophotos, in order to locate the urban domestic gardens and the terraced landscapes accurately. The study area is a medium city of a North-East Region of Italy, Trieste. Built on a hill morphology, it had a great and fast growth in the 19th and 20th centuries. These changes deeply transformed its landform, mainly reducing its surrounding cultivated lands. At present, the residual terraced landscapes are mainly placed in the north side of the city and they represent a kind of “cultural heritage.” On the contrary, the most important garden areas are located in the terrain embankments of the south suburban areas.

scholarly journals URBAN FOOTPRINT OF MUMBAI - THE COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. RAMACHANDRA ◽  
H. A. BHARATH ◽  
M. V. SOWMYASHREE
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Footprint

Urban footprint refers to the proportion of paved surface (built up, roads, etc.) with the reduction of other land use types in a region. Rapid increase in the urban areas is the major driver in landscape dynamics with the significant erosion in the quality and quantity of the natural ecosystems. The urban expansion process hence needs to be monitored, quantified and understood for effective planning and the sustainable management of natural resources. Cities and towns have been experiencing considerable growth in urban area, population size, social aspects, negative environmental and geographical in?uence, and complexity. Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, has experienced a spurt in infrastructural and industrial activities with globalization and opening up of Indian markets. Unplanned urbanization has resulted in dispersed growth inperi-urban pockets due to socio-economic aspects with the burgeoning population of the city. Consequent to this, there has been an uneven growth pattern apart from the increase in slums in and around the city. This has necessitated the understanding of the urbanization pattern and process focusing especially on the expanding geographical area, its geometry and the spatial pattern of its development. This communication discusses the urban footprint dynamics of Mumbai using multi-temporal remote sensing data with spatial metrics. Land use analysis indicated a decrease of vegetation by 20% with an increase in urban extent by 155% during the last three decades. Landscape metrics aided in assessing the spatial structure and composition of the urban footprints through the zonal analysis by dividing the region into four zones with concentric circles of 1 km incrementing radius from the city centre. The study reveals a significant variation in the composition of the urban patch dynamics with increasing complexity and aggregation of urban area at the centre and sprawl at the outskirts. Shannon’s entropy further confirms of sprawl with time. Further zoning with the circular gradients aided in understanding the transition process of land use categories into urban patch.

scholarly journals The Role of Customary Land Ownership in Land-Use Conversion in the Peri-urban of Bukittinggi, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-555
Author(s):  
Ira Safitri Darwin ◽  
Haryo Winarso ◽  
Denny Zulkaidi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Regulations ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Formal Expansion ◽  
Administrative Area ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Abstract Taluak is located in the peri-urban area of the city of Bukittinggi, in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Bukittinggi is rapidly expanding into this peri-urban area. Due to a lack of sound land-use regulations, the growing population and increasing development are encroaching into the peri-urban area. In 1999, the administrative area of Bukittinggi was formally expanded to include some of the surrounding land that had previously been part of Agam Regency. However, although the physical development of the city has encroached into parts of Agam Regency, including Taluak, the communities of the village refused to be administratively included in Bukittinggi. One of their reasons for this refusal is a belief that such urbanization will harm the culture and traditions of the village. This article aims to explain how the communities of Taluak have resisted the formal expansion of Bukittinggi to include them in order to maintain their culture and traditions of land management and to estimate how long such resistance can survive. The article also explains how the process of land conversion in Taluak is carried out, particularly the conversion from rural use into urban use, which creates rurban (rural-urban) areas.

scholarly journals Transformasi Spasial di Kawasan Peri Urban Kota Malang

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusril Ihza Mahendra ◽  
Wisnu Pradoto
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
City Development ◽  
The North ◽  
High Transformation ◽  
The City

Limited land in the centre of the city will encourage people to choose residing in the suburb area as alternative, which of course also effect transformation in those areas. Spatial transformation that occured in peri-urban area will change the pattern of space utilization existed in that region. The population growth rate of Malang city is approximately 0,86% larger than that in East Java (0,75%). The increasing number of population growth in Malang occured unevenly in all parts of the city. The purpose of this research is to review the spatial transformation occuring in peri-urban area of Malang city by firstly analyzing the location of peri-urban based on its land usage. The analysis is conducted with geographic information system ArcGis 9.3, which is benefited to analyze map overlay dan kernel density analyze. Based on the result of analysis, it is discovered that there is a difference of spatial transformation between the north and south region of peri-urban areas in Malang city. Kedung Kandang district, which is located in the south region, experienced a low transformation with a linier trend of developing land pattern. Meanwhile, Lowokwaru district is experiencing high transformation with a concentric trend of developing land pattern. This difference occured due to several factors, which are population factor like high growth population, center of activity, accessibility, the role of developer, and policy factor related with direction of spatial region patter.The trend of distribution pattern in population density and developed land aimed on the northern part of the city indicated the direction of the city development trend.

scholarly journals Radial analysis and scaling of urban land use

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Lemoy ◽  
Geoffrey Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
City Size ◽  
City Center ◽  
Artificial Surface ◽  
The City

AbstractWe determine the functional form and scaling law of radial artificial land use profiles in 300 European functional urban areas (FUAs). These profiles, starting from a fully artificial surface in the city center, decrease exponentially, the faster the smaller the city. More precisely, the characteristic decrease distance scales like the square root of total population, meaning that the artificial surface of cities is proportional to their population. This also means that the amount of artificial land per capita is independent of city size, and that larger cities are not more or less parsimonious in terms of land use than smaller ones.

scholarly journals URBAN FOOTPRINT OF MUMBAI - THE COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. RAMACHANDRA ◽  
H. A. BHARATH ◽  
M. V. SOWMYASHREE
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Footprint

Urban footprint refers to the proportion of paved surface (built up, roads, etc.) with the reduction of other land use types in a region. Rapid increase in the urban areas is the major driver in landscape dynamics with the significant erosion in the quality and quantity of the natural ecosystems. The urban expansion process hence needs to be monitored, quantified and understood for effective planning and the sustainable management of natural resources. Cities and towns have been experiencing considerable growth in urban area, population size, social aspects, negative environmental and geographical in?uence, and complexity. Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, has experienced a spurt in infrastructural and industrial activities with globalization and opening up of Indian markets. Unplanned urbanization has resulted in dispersed growth inperi-urban pockets due to socio-economic aspects with the burgeoning population of the city. Consequent to this, there has been an uneven growth pattern apart from the increase in slums in and around the city. This has necessitated the understanding of the urbanization pattern and process focusing especially on the expanding geographical area, its geometry and the spatial pattern of its development. This communication discusses the urban footprint dynamics of Mumbai using multi-temporal remote sensing data with spatial metrics. Land use analysis indicated a decrease of vegetation by 20% with an increase in urban extent by 155% during the last three decades. Landscape metrics aided in assessing the spatial structure and composition of the urban footprints through the zonal analysis by dividing the region into four zones with concentric circles of 1 km incrementing radius from the city centre. The study reveals a significant variation in the composition of the urban patch dynamics with increasing complexity and aggregation of urban area at the centre and sprawl at the outskirts. Shannon’s entropy further confirms of sprawl with time. Further zoning with the circular gradients aided in understanding the transition process of land use categories into urban patch.

scholarly journals A Model for Complex Subsidence Causality Interpretation Based on PS-InSAR Cross-Heading Orbits Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahaa Mohamadi ◽  
Timo Balz ◽  
Ali Younes
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
City Center ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Alexandria City ◽  
The City ◽  
Central South

Urban areas are subject to subsidence due to varying natural and anthropogenic causes. Often, subsidence is interpreted and correlated to a single causal factor; however, subsidence is usually more complex. In this study, we adopt a new model to distinguish different causes of subsidence in urban areas based on complexity. Ascending and descending Sentinel-1 data were analyzed using permanent scatterer interferometry (PS-InSAR) and decomposed to estimate vertical velocity. The estimated velocity is correlated to potential causes of subsidence, and modeled using different weights, to extract the model with the highest correlations among subsidence. The model was tested in Alexandria City, Egypt, based on three potential causes of subsidence: rock type, former lakes and lagoons dewatering (FLLD), and built-up load (BL). Results of experiments on the tested area reveal singular patterns of causal factors of subsidence distributed across the northeast, northwest, central south, and parts of the city center, reflecting the rock type of those areas. Dual causes of subsidence are found in the southwest and some parts of the southeast as a contribution of rock type and FLLD, whereas the most complex causes of subsidence are found in the southeast of the city, as the newly built-up areas interact with the rock type and FLLD to form a complex subsidence regime. Those areas also show the highest subsidence values among all other parts of the city. The accuracy of the final model was confirmed using linear regression analysis, with an R2 value of 0.88.

scholarly journals Projected Changes in European and North Atlantic Seasonal Wind Climate Derived from CMIP5 Simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 6467-6490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Ruosteenoja ◽  
Timo Vihma ◽  
Ari Venäläinen
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North ◽  
Seasonal Wind ◽  
Projected Changes

Abstract Future changes in geostrophic winds over Europe and the North Atlantic region were studied utilizing output data from 21 CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs). Changes in temporal means, extremes, and the joint distribution of speed and direction were considered. In concordance with previous research, the time mean and extreme scalar wind speeds do not change pronouncedly in response to the projected climate change; some degree of weakening occurs in the majority of the domain. Nevertheless, substantial changes in high wind speeds are identified when studying the geostrophic winds from different directions separately. In particular, in northern Europe in autumn and in parts of northwestern Europe in winter, the frequency of strong westerly winds is projected to increase by up to 50%. Concurrently, easterly winds become less common. In addition, we evaluated the potential of the GCMs to simulate changes in the near-surface true wind speeds. In ocean areas, changes in the true and geostrophic winds are mainly consistent and the emerging differences can be explained (e.g., by the retreat of Arctic sea ice). Conversely, in several GCMs the continental wind speed response proved to be predominantly determined by fairly arbitrary changes in the surface properties rather than by changes in the atmospheric circulation. Accordingly, true wind projections derived directly from the model output should be treated with caution since they do not necessarily reflect the actual atmospheric response to global warming.

Localization of Relevant Urban Micro-Consolidation Centers for Last-Mile Cargo Bike Delivery Based on Real Demand Data and City Characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110363
Author(s):  
Christian Rudolph ◽  
Alexis Nsamzinshuti ◽  
Samuel Bonsu ◽  
Alassane Ballé Ndiaye ◽  
Nicolas Rigo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
City Center ◽  
Analytical Hierarchical Process ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Logistics Service Provider ◽  
Cargo Bike ◽  
The City ◽  
Weight Allocation ◽  
Use Category

The use of cargo cycles for last-mile parcel distribution requires urban micro-consolidation centers (UMC). We develop an approach to localize suitable locations for UMCs with the consideration of three criteria: demand, land use, and type of road. The analysis considers metric levels (demand), linguistic levels (land use), and cardinal levels (type of road). The land-use category is divided into commercial, residential, mixed commercial and residential, and others. The type of road category is divided into bicycle road, pedestrian zone, oneway road, and traffic-calmed road. The approach is a hybrid multi-criteria analysis combining an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and PROMETHEE methods. We apply the approach to the city center of Stuttgart in Germany, using real demand data provided by a large logistics service provider. We compared different scenarios weighting the criteria differently with DART software. The different weight allocation results in different numbers of required UMCs and slightly different locations. This research was able to develop, implement, and successfully apply the proposed approach. In subsequent steps, stakeholders such as logistics companies and cities should be involved at all levels of this approach to validate the selected criteria and depict the “weight” of each criterion.

scholarly journals What happens between the roça and the urban periphery? Some questions about movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Rocha Benites
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Periphery ◽  
The City

Abstract This article explores the idea of movement through an analysis of the flows between rural and urban areas, more specifically between small farms (roças) and the peripheries of big cities. I turn to my own ethnographic research on rural and riverside communities in the north of Minas Gerais, as well as ethnographies produced on populations in the Cerrado Mineiro, in order to question the primacy of movement in the definitions of the city and to extend the notion through an approach that incorporates the relations between persons and things circulating in both these social spaces.

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