Production of transgenic Alstroemeria plants containing virus resistance genes via particle bombardment

SynopsisSome of the most successful early applications of genetic engineering in crop improvement have been in the production of virus-resistant plants. This has been achieved not by the transfer of naturally occurring resistance genes from one plant species or variety to another but by transformation with novel resistance genes based on nucleotide sequences derived from the viruses themselves or from virus-associated nucleic acids. Transformation of plants with a DNA copy of the particle protein gene of viruses that have positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes typically confers resistance to infection with the homologous and closely related viruses. Transformation with a gene that is transcribed to produce a benign viral satellite RNA can confer virus-specific tolerance of infection. In addition, recent work with viral poly-merase gene-related sequences offers much promise, and research is active on other strategies such as the use of virus-specific ribozymes.Already the field trialling of plants incorporating transgenic virus resistance has begun, with encouraging results, and effects on virus spread are being studied. Deployment strategies for the resistant plants must now be devised and the conjectural hazards of growing them assessed. Genetically engineered virus resistance promises to make a major contribution to the control of plant virus diseases by non-chemical methods.

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Identification and molecular dissection of broad-spectrum recessive plant virus resistance genes

Journal of General Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10327-021-01029-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 87 (6) ◽

pp. 413-414

Author(s):

Masayoshi Hashimoto

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Virus Resistance ◽

Plant Virus ◽

Molecular Dissection ◽

Plant Virus Resistance

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PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF ORNITHOGALUM DUBIUM FOR ORNITHOGALUM MOSAIC VIRUS RESISTANCE

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2005.673.21 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 183-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Cohen ◽

A. Lipsky ◽

T. Arazi ◽

A. Ion ◽

R. Stav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Particle Bombardment ◽

Virus Resistance

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Rmcf2, a Xenotropic Provirus in the Asian Mouse Species Mus castaneus, Blocks Infection by Polytropic Mouse Gammaretroviruses

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.79.15.9677-9684.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (15) ◽

pp. 9677-9684 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Tiyun Wu ◽

Yuhe Yan ◽

Christine A. Kozak

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Virus Resistance ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Wild Mouse ◽

Northern Blotting ◽

Cell Surface Receptor ◽

Resistance Phenotype ◽

Surface Receptor ◽

Mouse Species ◽

Env Glycoprotein

ABSTRACT Cells from the Asian wild mouse species Mus castaneus are resistant to infection by the polytropic host range group of mouse gammaretroviruses. Two factors are responsible for this resistance: a defective XPR1 cell surface receptor for polytropic murine leukemia viruses (P-MLVs), and a resistance factor detectable only in interspecies hybrids between M. castaneus and mice with an XPR1 variant that permits infection by xenotropic MLVs (X-MLVs) as well as P-MLVs. This second novel virus resistance phenotype has been associated with expression of viral Env glycoprotein; Northern blotting with specific hybridization probes identified a spliced X-MLV env message unique to virus-resistant mice. These observations suggest that resistance is due to expression of one or more endogenous X-MLV envelope genes that interfere with infection by exogenous P-MLVs. M. castaneus contains multiple X-MLV proviruses, but serial backcrosses reduced this proviral content and permitted identification of a single proviral env sequence inherited with resistance. The resistance phenotype and the provirus were mapped to the same site on distal chromosome 18. The provirus was shown to be a full-length provirus highly homologous to previously described X-MLVs. Use of viral pseudotypes confirmed that this resistance gene, termed Rmcf2, prevents entry of P-MLVs. Rmcf2 resembles the virus resistance genes Fv4 and Rmcf in that it produces Env glycoprotein but fails to produce infectious virus; the proviruses associated with all three resistance genes have fatal defects. This type of provirus Env-mediated resistance represents an important defense mechanism in wild mouse populations exposed to endemic infections.

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Introgression of a Tombusvirus Resistance Locus from Nicotiana edwardsonii var. Columbia to N. clevelandii

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-96-0453 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 453-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

James E. Schoelz ◽

B. Elizabeth Wiggins ◽

William M. Wintermantel ◽

Kathleen Ross

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Virus Resistance ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

N Gene ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Addition Line ◽

Resistance Locus

A new variety of Nicotiana, N. edwardsonii var. Columbia, was evaluated for its capacity to serve as a new source for virus resistance genes. Columbia was developed from a hybridization between N. glutinosa and N. clevelandii, the same parents used for the formation of the original N. edwardsonii. However, in contrast to the original N. edwardsonii, crosses between Columbia and either of its parents are fertile. Thus, the inheritance of virus resistance genes present in N. glutinosa could be characterized by using Columbia as a bridge plant in crosses with the susceptible parent, N. clevelandii. To determine how virus resistance genes would segregate in interspecific crosses between Columbia and N. clevelandii, we followed the fate of the N gene, a single dominant gene that specifies resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Our genetic evidence indicated that the entire chromosome containing the N gene was introgressed into N. clevelandii to create an addition line, designated N. clevelandii line 19. Although line 19 was homozygous for resistance to TMV, it remained susceptible to Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) strain W260, indicating that resistance to these viruses must reside on other N. glutinosa chromosomes. We also developed a second addition line, N. clevelandii line 36, which was homozygous for resistance to TBSV. Line 36 was susceptible to TMV and CaMV strain W260, but was resistant to other tombusviruses, including Cucumber necrosis virus, Cymbidium ringspot virus, Lettuce necrotic stunt virus, and Carnation Italian ringspot virus.

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