Production of soybean and maize plants cultivated in acid soils with high contents of exchangeable aluminum

Vast quantities of flyash are generated annually by the burning of coal in the power industry, with most of this material being stockpiled with little prospect of being utilised at present. Two alkaline flyash-based products (FAP) for use as soil amendments (FAP1 and FAP2) have been assessed using glasshouse pot trials to determine the suitability of using these products to treat acid soils. The products both contain ~80% flyash which originated from coal-fired electricity generation. The acid soils used in the study were 2 Podsols and a Ferrosol, all originating from south-east Queensland and ranging in pH (1 : 5 suspension in water) from 4 to 5.5. The flyash products when applied to the soil significantly enhanced growth of maize plants (Zea mays L.), with optimal application rates in the range 1.25–5% w/w. The FAP/soil mixtures and plants were analysed using a range of methods including extraction with DTPA, and plant biomass (aboveground dry matter). The results indicate that in addition to the liming effect, the flyash in the alkaline flyash products may enhance plant growth as a result of increasing the uptake of micro-nutrients such as copper, zinc, and manganese. The study suggests that flyash has the potential to be used as a base material in the production of soil amendment materials that can change soil pH and act as a fertiliser for certain soil micro-nutrients such as Cu, Mn, and Zn.

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EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINUM AND PHOSPHORUS SORPTION OF SOME ACID SOILS OF MYSORE STATE

Soil Science ◽

10.1097/00010694-197410000-00003 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 243-246

Author(s):

B. S. JAI PRAKASH ◽

T. D. BHASKER

Keyword(s):

Acid Soils ◽

Phosphorus Sorption ◽

Exchangeable Aluminum ◽

Mysore State

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Suppression of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli on Bean by Aluminum in Acid Soils

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1999.89.1.47 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 47-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hiromitsu Furuya ◽

Tadashi Takahashi ◽

Tsutomu Matsumoto

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Clay Mineralogy ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Soil Aluminum ◽

Exchangeable Aluminum

The severity of bean root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in vitro was studied with regard to exchangeable soil aluminum for 25 soil samples collected from northeastern Honshyu island, Japan. Of these, 24 were Andosols, typically acidic and of volcanic ash origin. Disease severity was assessed based on the number of lesions produced by the pathogen on a 6-cm section of bean stem buried and incubated for 8 days at 25°C in artificially infested soil samples. The number of lesions differed considerably among soil samples. In all soils in which disease incidence was very low, macroconidial germination was strongly inhibited. The inhibition was observed in all soil samples with exchangeable aluminum contents of at least 0.4 meq/100 g of soil, although it is unclear if this concentration is the lowest limit for inhibition. When soil pH was 5.6 or lower, higher amounts of exchangeable aluminum were detected from soils in which the major clay mineralogy was chloritized 2:1 minerals, while no or limited amounts of aluminum were detected from soils in which the major clay mineralogy was allophane/imogolite. Macroconidial germination and disease incidence are thus closely related to clay mineralogy, which regulates the behavior of exchangeable aluminum.

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PATTERNS OF NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINUM AFFECTED BY COMPOST AND DOLOMITE IN RED ACID SOILS IN LAMPUNG, INDONESIA

International Journal of Geomate ◽

10.21660/2020.76.87631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (76) ◽

Author(s):

Priyo Cahyono

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Availability ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Exchangeable Aluminum

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WATER-SOLUBLE AND EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINUM IN ACID SOILS AS AFFECTED BY LIMING AND FERTILIZATION

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss67-032 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 203-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L. B. MacLeod ◽

L. P. Jackson

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Ph Values ◽

Exchangeable Al ◽

Exchangeable Aluminum ◽

High Fertilization ◽

Surface Soil Ph ◽

Representative Samples

The concentration of water-soluble and exchangeable aluminum was determined in the 0–15-, 15–23-, 23–30- and 30–45-cm depths of a Podzol limed to provide surface soil pH values ranging from 4.5 to 7.2. Both soluble and exchangeable Al decreased with increasing soil pH. Soluble Al ranged from 5.7 ppm at pH 4.4 with high fertilization to 0.3 ppm at pH 6.5 with similar fertilization. Increasing the rate of fertilization at pH 4.5 raised the soluble Al from 2.6 to 5.7 ppm. Fertilization still doubled the soluble Al in soil at pH 5.1 but had little effect as the pH was raised further to 5.8 and 6.5. Soluble Al in the subsoil samples was less than in surface soil samples at the same pH, while with exchangeable Al, the concentration was greater in the subsoil than in the surface soil samples.There was not a direct relationship between pH and soluble Al, although the highest soluble Al concentrations occurred at lowest soil pH levels. Analyses of 30 representative samples of surface soil taken from farmers' fields showed that the soluble Al concentration at pH 4.0 ranged from 3.5 to 4.8 ppm, while at a pH of 5.0 it ranged from 0.2 to 2.8 ppm. The concentrations of soluble Al in many of these soils exceeded the levels previously shown by nutrient solution experiments to severely restrict growth of legumes and some varieties of barley.

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The effects of some agrotechnical measures on the uptake of nickel by maize plants

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0909009z ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 74 (8-9) ◽

pp. 1009-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Branka Zarkovic ◽

Srdjan Blagojevic

Keyword(s):

Soil Acidification ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Essential Element ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Alluvial Soils ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Liming ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Set Up ◽

Positive Effect

Nickel is a non-essential element in the nutrition of the majority of plant species and can be toxic to plants when its concentration in soils is high. Several soil properties have an effect on the uptake of this heavy metal by plants. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of fertilization, soil acidification and liming on the uptake of Ni by maize plants grown on some alluvial soils. A pot experiment with maize plants grown on soils having various properties and elevated content of Ni was set up. The experiment lasted six weeks. The roots and shoots were analyzed for the concentration of Ni. From the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that the roots had higher concentrations of Ni than the shoots. The addition of mineral fertilizers (without application of other measures) mainly decreased the concentration and uptake of Ni by the roots and the transport of Ni to the shoots. Soil acidification (to pH 4.5) caused an increase in the Ni concentration in the plants and in its removal from the soil. Liming of acid soils had a positive effect on the uptake of Ni by young maize plants. The obtained results are important from the standpoint of reducing the pollution of plants by potentially toxic heavy metals.

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Use of alkaline flyash-based products to amend acid soils: Extractability of selected elements and their uptake by plants

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr07210 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 585 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. M. Spark ◽

R. S. Swift

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Plant Uptake ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Companion Paper ◽

Acid Extract ◽

Plant Availability ◽

Amended Soils ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Maize Plants

In addition to promoting plant growth, the incorporation of flyash material into soil also has the potential to affect the solubility and plant availability of some elements. This paper reports on the effect of 2 flyash products (FAP) on the extractability and plant uptake as a function of pH of selected elements of concern in the environment: As, B, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Zn. The results for the growth response of maize plants (Zea mays L.) in the FAP-amended soils have been reported in a companion paper. The addition of the FAP to the soils used in this study at rates up to 5% w/w resulted in increased levels of Cu, Mn, Ni, As, and Co in an acetic acid extract. The levels of Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, and Co in these extracts all showed a dependency on pH for some soils. Maize plants grown in the amended soils exhibited an increase in the plant uptake of Cu, Mn, and Ni in some soils. However, none of the elements studied increased the plant uptake to levels which would generally be considered toxic to plants or cause problems in the food chain. The presence of the FAP decreased the plant availability of Ni at low pH and levels of Mn and Cd in the acetic acid extract were decreased, most likely due to sorption of these elements by the FAP. There is no evidence that either the flyash alone, or the 2 FAP used in this study would pose a threat to plants or the environment when used at levels of up to 5% w/w. Possible beneficial effects for the environment were observed as the incorporation of FAP into soils has the capacity to reduce the uptake and potential toxicity of Cd, Ni, or Mn in some soils.

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Exchangeable aluminum evaluation in acid soils

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000300020 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 543-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Cassio Hamilton Abreu Jr. ◽

Takashi Muraoka ◽

André Fernando Lavorante

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Titration Method ◽

Surface Samples ◽

Exchangeable Aluminum ◽

Back Titration ◽

Determination Methods ◽

Very High ◽

Colorimetric Methods

One of the main factors limiting agricultural production in tropical climate regions is mainly related to the presence of exchangeable aluminum (Al3+) in highly weathered acid soils. Four methods of Al3+ determination extracted with neutral 1 mol L¹ KCl solution were evaluated: three colorimetric methods (aluminon plus ascorbic acid, and eriochrome cyanine R by FIA) and the usual titrimetric method with back-titration. Surface samples from 20 soils of different Brazilian regions, with active acidity (0.01 mol L¹ CaCl2 pH) ranging from very high to medium (3.82 to 5.52), were used. The variance analysis revealed significant interaction among Al3+ determination methods and soil. Mean methods comparisons within each soil (Tukey, P < 0.05) indicated that, for most of the soils, the methods differed among each other, although there were high correlations between the obtained values. Al3+ values determined for soil samples by titration varied between 0.15 and 14.71 mmol c dm³. The colorimetric methods showed higher values than the titration method, mainly for those with aluminon (up to 18.75 mmol c dm-3). The Al3+ contents of colorimetric methods correlated quadraticaly with the titration values, for the soil samples with Al3+ > 10 mmol c dm³. Among colorimetric methods, in operational terms, the eriochrome with FIA method presented analytical performance up to 50 samples per hour, easiness and sensibility for routine Al analysis in soil samples. However, due to the specificity, the titration/back-titration method should be used, despite the moroseness, when the Al3+ ions are the objective.

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