ANALYTICAL CONTROL OF THE TOTAL VOLATILE BASES NITROGEN IN FISH PRODUCTS

Comparative studies of the content of total nitrogen of volatile bases (ALO) in fish raw materials, as an objective indicator of quality, were carried out by direct distillation of the sample and by distillation of acid extract. It was found that the method based on direct distillation of the sample results in 25-30% higher values than the method of acid extract distillation due to alkaline hydrolysis of the sample protein. A comparison of the reproducibility of the two methods using the Fisher statistical criterion showed the heterogeneity of the variances and the impossibility of attributing them to a single general population. For the gradation of the quality of fish raw materials, the method of distilling acid extract is recommended. The objects of three different categories are studied, grouped according to the proposed three degrees of quality, based on the maximum permissible levels of nitrogen content of volatile bases. The reliability of the results is shown and a conclusion is made about the use of the ALO content as an indicator characterizing both the initial state of fish raw materials and the dynamics of the storage process and the establishment of the moment of spoilage. A method for measuring the mass fraction of total nitrogen of volatile bases has been developed and certified (certificate of certification No. 0168/ROSS RU.0001.310430/2020).

Topical Delivery of Nanosized Hydroxycitric Acid Enriched Extract-Loaded Ethosomes for Suppression of Lipid Droplet Deposition

The aim of this study was to improve the skin accumulation of hydroxycitric acid by using ethosomes with nanosize. We fabricated nanosized ethosome for the topical delivery of hydrophilic hydroxycitric acid and evaluated their physical properties and furthermore cytotoxicity. As results, in cell-based experiments, the use of ethosomes encapsulating hydroxycitric acid extract reduced the lipid droplet deposition in differentiated adipocytes, which was visualized by Oil Red O staining assay and also quantitatively measured by a triglyceride assay. The observed reduction in lipid droplet deposition occurred in a hydroxycitric acid extract concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the high accumulation of hydroxycitric acid in murine skin (66.28%) was observed following treatment with hydroxycitric acid extract-loaded ethosomes compared with treatment with hydroxycitric acid alone (1.19%) without ethosome as a nanocarrier. Based on these results, our findings showed that nanosized ethosomes improved the topical delivery of hydroxycitric acid and thus reduced lipid droplet deposition in adipocytes.

Comparison of cytotoxicity evaluation of chlorogenic acid extract between Real-time cell analysis and CCK-8 method

Critical cytotoxicity evaluation of pharmaceuticals is necessary for the clinical practice of chemotherapy. To quantitatively evaluate cell viability, currently there are two main types of sensitive methods including real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and CCK-8 assay, in which RTCA records electrochemical signal changes around an incubated cell, whereas CCK-8 is based on the colorimetric method. Despite the different detection principles adopted for the cytotoxicity assessment, the comparison of the two methods in terms of the application scope is lacking. In order to compare and determine the best experimental method for the study of the toxicity of chlorogenic acid extract from taraxacum officinale on dairy cow mammary epithelial cells. The real time cell analysis (RTCA) and CCK-8 method were used to analyze the cytotoxicity of chlorogenic acid extract to BMEC and calculate its IC50. The results of the real time cell analysis method and the CCK-8 method showed that different concentrations of chlorogenic acid extract reduced the viability of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells, and the decrease was most obvious at 400 ug/mL. The IC50 of the two analysis methods were 326.8 and 320.4 ug/mL, respectively. In contrast, the CCK-8 method had limitations in fixed-point determination. However, the real time cell analysis method can monitor the dynamic biological response process of cell growth and proliferation in real time. Therefore, the real time cell analysis method can observe cell growth more intuitively and accurately, compensate for the shortcomings of the CCK-8 method, and it is a new experimental method for studying cytotoxicity.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINUMAN KUNYIT ASAM TERHADAP INTENSITAS NYERI MENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA PUTRI

Menstruation is a natural and natural event, but in reality many women experience menstrual problems, including menstrual pain or dysmenorrhoea. Nonpharmacological menstrual pain management can be done by giving turmeric acid extract. This study aims to determine the effect of giving turmeric acid extract on the intensity of menstrual pain in adolescent girls in State High School 1 Serdang Bedagai Regency in 2020. The research method is quantitative. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population was 150 class X and XI students of State High School 1 Serdang Bedagai Regency as many as 150 people. The sample selection using purposive sampling as many as 36 people. The results of the study using Wilcoxon sign rank test showed p-value of 0,000 <0.05. The conclusion is there are differences before and after giving turmeric acid drink to the intensity of menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea). It is expected that schools can provide information to students about the use of turmeric acid as a non-pharmacological treatment in reducing menstrual pain.

Phytochemical screening and Total Phenolics of Stem and Leaf extracts of Sandoricum koetjape

Sandoricum koetjape belongs to the family Meliaceae which is known to have antioxidant activity. Natives of Betawi use stem of S. koetjape for the treatment of helminthiasis meanwhile leaf of S. koetjape was used for the treatment of fever. Stem and leaf of that plant were tested for phytochemical and total phenolics content. Phytochemical screening of plants extracts revealed the presence of quinon. Quantitative determination of total phenolics of methanol and chloride acid extract was carried out using colorimetric methods. The mean total phenolics content was found to be 1.4155 mg/g and 3.1469 mg/g for stem and leaf respectively (ANOVA, p=0.000). There is significant difference in total phenolics content between the stem and leaf of Sandoricum koetjape.

Fingerprint Analysis of Phenolic Acid Extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza by Digital Reference Standard Analyzer With One or Two Reference Standards

Background: Fingerprint analysis and simultaneous multi-components determination are crucial for the holistic quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Yet, reference standards (RS) are often commercially unavailable and with other shortages, which severely impede the application of these technologies. Methods: A digital reference standard (DRS) strategy and the corresponding software called DRS analyzer, which supports chromatographic algorithms, spectrum algorithms, and the combination of these algorithms, was developed. The extensive function also enabled the DRS analyzer to recommend the chromatographic column based on big data.Results: Various quality control methods of fingerprints of 11 compounds in polyphenolic acid extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) were developed based on DRS analyzer, involving relative retention time (RRT) method, linear calibration using two reference substances (LCTRS) technique, RRT combined with Photon Diode Array (PDA) method, LCTRS combined with PDA method. Additionally, the column database of samples was established. Finally, our data demonstrated that the DRS analyzer could accurately identify 11 compounds of the samples, using only one or two physical RSs. Conclusions: The DRS strategy is an automated, intelligent, objective, accurate, eco-friendly, universal, sharing, and promising method for overall quality control of TCMs that requires the usage of fewer RSs.