Asian Vultures : White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis, Indian Vulture Gyps indicus, Slender-billed Vulture Gyps tenuirostris

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gyps Indicus ◽  
Gyps Bengalensis

scholarly journals Toxicity of diclofenac to Gyps vultures

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry E Swan ◽  
Richard Cuthbert ◽  
Miguel Quevedo ◽  
Rhys E Green ◽  
Deborah J Pain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Gyps Fulvus ◽  
Gyps Indicus ◽  
Gyps Bengalensis ◽  
Alternative Drugs

Three endemic vulture species Gyps bengalensis , Gyps indicus and Gyps tenuirostris are critically endangered following dramatic declines in South Asia resulting from exposure to diclofenac, a veterinary drug present in the livestock carcasses that they scavenge. Diclofenac is widely used globally and could present a risk to Gyps species from other regions. In this study, we test the toxicity of diclofenac to a Eurasian ( Gyps fulvus ) and an African ( Gyps africanus ) species, neither of which is threatened. A dose of 0.8 mg kg −1 of diclofenac was highly toxic to both species, indicating that they are at least as sensitive to diclofenac as G. bengalensis , for which we estimate an LD 50 of 0.1–0.2 mg kg −1 . We suggest that diclofenac is likely to be toxic to all eight Gyps species, and that G. africanus , which is phylogenetically close to G. bengalensis , would be a suitable surrogate for the safety testing of alternative drugs to diclofenac.

scholarly journals Recovery of vulture population in roosting and scavenging areas of Bastar and Bijapur, Chhattisgarh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 19956-19963
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Dutta ◽  
Muntaz Khan ◽  
P.R.S. Nagi ◽  
Santosh Durgam ◽  
Surabhi Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
First Report ◽  
Gyps Indicus ◽  
Gyps Bengalensis ◽  
Population Ratio

Chhattisgarh is home to seven of the nine vulture species in India. One reason for this high vulture diversity is the presence of large herds of bovines numbering over 11 million individuals (ratio of human to bovine population is approximately 0.38), from which carcasses are disposed off in the open for scavengers. The late 1990s saw large scale decimation of vulture population, and since then there have been few studies with no sighting estimates available.  In this study, concurrent sighting records were collected from different locations of southern Chhattisgarh and corroborated to develop conservative sighting estimates for sympatric populations of Gyps bengalensis and Gyps indicus. We present the first report on population recovery, with an estimated 30–35 Gyps bengalensis & 20–25 Gyps indicus in/ around Rudraram of Bijapur and 18 Gyps bengalensis & five Gyps indicus at Jamguda village of Bastar. Krishna Swami Gutta hill is identified as a nesting-roosting habitat for both species, for which six scavenging areas were identified in Bastar and Bijapur districts. The human/bovine population ratio for Bastar is 0.4, similar to the state ratio, while in Bijapur the ratio is 1.07, which justifies considering Bijapur as a conservation refuge. The few vultures that survived the diclofenac catastrophe in wild habitats most likely consumed wildlife carcasses that sustained a residual population. In these areas, the age-old practise of disposing off dead domesticated bovines away from settlements near reserve forests may also have supported the recovery of vulture population.

Catastrophic collapse of Indian white-backed Gyps bengalensis and long-billed Gyps indicus vulture populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Prakash ◽  
D.J. Pain ◽  
A.A. Cunningham ◽  
P.F. Donald ◽  
N. Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gyps Indicus ◽  
Gyps Bengalensis

scholarly journals Population and spatial breeding dynamics of a Critically Endangered Oriental White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis colony in Sindh Province, Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAMPBELL MURN ◽  
UZMA SAEED ◽  
UZMA KHAN ◽  
SHAHID IQBAL
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Gyps Indicus ◽  
Gyps Bengalensis ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe Critically Endangered Oriental White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis has declined across most of its range by over 95% since the mid-1990s. The primary cause of the decline and an ongoing threat is the ingestion by vultures of livestock carcasses containing residues of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, principally diclofenac. Recent surveys in Pakistan during 2010 and 2011 revealed very few vultures or nests, particularly of White-backed Vultures. From 2011 in the Tharparkar District of Sindh Province we monitored a colony of Oriental White-backed Vultures. Between 2011 and 2014 the number of active nests in this colony increased from 11 to 34 while nest density decreased from 13.7 to 9.2 nests km-2, suggesting that the colony is expanding. We conclude that the rate of increase is being subsidised by immigration, as the population demographics do not support the observed rate of increase in nests. We present the first analysis of spatial breeding dynamics for the Oriental White-backed Vulture and describe how a clustered pattern of nest trees in colonies supports a highly clustered pattern of nests. The spatial pattern of nests relies on both the distribution of trees and the ability of trees to support more than one nest. These results highlight that the preservation of larger nest trees and the sustainable management of timber resources are essential components for the conservation management of this species. We emphasise the high importance of this colony and a nearby Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus colony in this area of Pakistan. Recommended conservation management actions include the continuation of a Vulture Safe Zone established in 2012, measuring breeding success, assessing dispersal and determining the impact of mortality on these populations.

Corrigendum to “Catastrophic collapse of Indian white-backed Gyps bengalensis and long-billed Gyps indicus vulture populations” [Biol. Conserv. 19 (2003) 381–390]

2005 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Prakash ◽  
D.J. Pain ◽  
A.A. Cunningham ◽  
P.F. Donald ◽  
N. Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gyps Indicus ◽  
Gyps Bengalensis

scholarly journals Status and population of vultures in Moyar Valley, southern India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8358
Author(s):  
R. Venkitachalam ◽  
S. Senthilnathan
Keyword(s):  
Southern India ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Gyps Indicus ◽  
Gyps Bengalensis ◽  
First Time

<p>Four species of vultures were surveyed using road transects in two parts of the Moyar Valley, three of these are Critically Endangered by IUCN criteria and one is Endangered.  The vulture study was done for the first time in Nilgiri North Forest Division and Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve of Moyar Valley to determine the flock size in the three species of vultures and also to get a rough estimation of vultures. The results show higher flock size and higher densities in Nilgiri North Forest Division than in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve and the most numerous of these was the White-rumped Vulture.  There is also evidence of seasonal movements in Nilgiri North Forest Division.  These data represent the first systematic survey results from the area and demonstrate the significance of the Moyar Valley for all four Endangered vulture species, probably the main stronghold remaining in southern India.  They are White-rumped Vulture <em>Gyps bengalensis</em>, Indian Vulture <em>Gyps indicus</em>, Red-headed Vulture <em>Sarcogyps calvus</em> and Egyptian Vulture <em>Neophron percnopterus</em>.  The study recommends that immediate long-term conservation efforts should be taken to save the Critically Endangered vultures in the Moyar Valley.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Continuing mortality of vultures in India associated with illegal veterinary use of diclofenac and a potential threat from nimesulide

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cuthbert ◽  
Mark A. Taggart ◽  
Mohini Saini ◽  
Anil Sharma ◽  
Asit Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Decline ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Measurable Level ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Gyps Indicus ◽  
Gyps Bengalensis

AbstractThe collapse of South Asia's Gyps vulture populations is attributable to the veterinary use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Vultures died after feeding on carcasses of recently-medicated animals. The governments of India, Nepal and Pakistan banned the veterinary use of diclofenac in 2006. We analysed results of 62 necropsies and 48 NSAID assays of liver and/or kidney for vultures of five species found dead in India between 2000 and 2012. Visceral gout and diclofenac were detected in vultures from nine states and three species: Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus and Gyps himalayensis. Visceral gout was found in every vulture carcass in which a measurable level of diclofenac was detected. Meloxicam, an NSAID of low toxicity to vultures, was found in two vultures and nimesulide in five vultures. Nimesulide at elevated tissue concentrations was associated with visceral gout in four of these cases, always without diclofenac, suggesting that nimesulide may have similar toxic effects to those of diclofenac. Residues of meloxicam on its own were never associated with visceral gout. The proportion of Gyps vultures found dead in the wild in India with measurable levels of diclofenac in their tissues showed a modest and non-significant decline since the ban on the veterinary use of diclofenac. The prevalence of visceral gout declined less, probably because some cases of visceral gout from 2008 onwards were associated with nimesulide rather than diclofenac. Veterinary use of nimesulide is a potential threat to the recovery of vulture populations.

scholarly journals Pain of Extinction: The Death of a Vulture

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thom Van Dooren
Keyword(s):  
Gyps Bengalensis ◽  
Ethical Response

In the mid-1990s it was discovered that populations of three species of Asian vulture were disappearing at an unprecedented rate throughout India and the surrounding region. In attempting to convey the gravity of this situation we are often drawn to present it through numbers and data, to recount, for example, that 99 per cent of the Oriental white-rumped vultures (Gyps bengalensis) are now gone. But is this an appropriately ethical response to the mass death of vultures and the likely extinction of their species? In contrast to these more conventional accounts of extinctions, this article takes up the pain of vultures and the claim for response and responsibility that this pain issues. Writing about pain brings individual vultures (and others) back into our accounts as ethical subjects. But inside the multispecies communities of life that we all inescapably inhabit, I argue that this responsibility requires a worldliness beyond discrete individuals, and consequently must be understood as a generative opening, drawing us into entangled accountabilities.

scholarly journals Bacterial enteritis in an oriental white backed vulture (Gyps bengalensis) and its successful management

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Prasenjit Dhar ◽  
Mandeep Sharma ◽  
Anshu Raj
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rehydration Solution ◽  
Gyps Bengalensis

An oriental white backed vulture weighing about 8 kg was rescued from a farmer’s field in a moribund condition. The vulture was showing signs of drooping feathers and wings, anorexia, unable to stand, and severe enteritis with dehydration. Bacterial culture from the cloaca of the bird revealed association of hemolytic E. coli that was sensitive to enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The bird was treated successfully with injectable enrofloxacin and oral rehydration solution. No parasitic eggs/protozoal oocysts or hemoprotozoan parasites could be detected in the bird. The bird recovered uneventfully and started taking feed and water normally.

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