On the Abolition and Reintroduction of Legal Insanity in Sweden We would like to thank The Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine for partly financing the empirical study described in this chapter, and Marianne Kristiansson, Peter Andiné and Olof Svensson for sharing their medical and psychological expertise.

Epidemiological aspects of explosion-related deaths in a civilian setting may bring comprehensive knowledge that is important for prevention efforts. This Swedish national study aimed to describe the extent of such deaths, circumstances and fatal injuries. Data, including all explosion-related deaths in Sweden from 2000 through 2018, were retrieved from the register of the National Board of Forensic Medicine. Among all 87 cases found, accidental deaths accounted for 62%, suicides for 21%, homicides for 7% and undetermined manner of death for the remaining 10% of cases. Most victims died on site. Adult males dominated in the study material, but explosions also killed four children. Explosives were most commonly involved in occupational blast deaths, suicides and homicides, followed by flammable gases and fluids. The incidence showed a significant decrease since the 1980s, based on the incidence rate from this study and a previous Swedish study (1979–1984). As already rare occurrences, blast-related deaths are challenging to prevent. Prevention efforts are needed to restrict the availability of explosives and focus on lowering the occupational risk for injury. In addition, child deaths must not be neglected. A vision of no fatalities is an appropriate goal for acting against explosion-related deaths in a civilian setting.

Download Full-text

The Mechanism of Formation of Extremist Attitudes in Minors

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science ◽

10.30764/1819-2785-2018-13-4-76-81 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 76-81

Author(s):

E. V. Vaske ◽

O. I. Goryunova

Keyword(s):

Empirical Study ◽

Gender Composition ◽

Special Role ◽

Youth Organizations ◽

Mechanism Of Formation ◽

Youth Subcultures ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

And Gender ◽

Psychological Expertise

In this paper key trends in the development of extremist and near-extremist youth subcultures are outlined, and characteristic features of criminal and near-criminal youth organizations are described. The results of an empirical study of the activity of existing harmful groups and organizations that are known to involve minors in their ranks are presented, including a description of their dissemination platforms, size and gender composition, declared and actual goals, and external manifestations. Mechanisms for the formation of extremist attitudes in minors are identified, and the special role of psycho-linguistic and forensic psychological expertise in the investigation of extremist crimes is demonstrated. Recommendations are offered towards the implementation of effective counteraction to extremism among minors.

Download Full-text

Contribution by Departments of Forensic Medicine to Tissue Donation for Transplant Purposes

Progress in Transplantation ◽

10.1177/1526924816664085 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 378-380

Author(s):

Torsten Malm ◽

Åsa Sandgren Åkerman ◽

Jesper Greby ◽

Björn Odö ◽

Bengt-Åke Henriksson

Keyword(s):

Forensic Medicine ◽

Tissue Donation ◽

Positive Interactions ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Tissue Quality ◽

National Board ◽

Cardiovascular Tissue ◽

Technical Errors ◽

Tissue Procurement

Background: A department of forensic medicine (DFM) can be a valuable source for tissue donation, but logistics can prove difficult to overcome as it pertains to obtaining tissues for donation. This article describes the potential of tissues that can be procured for transplantation. Materials and Methods: Sweden has 9.7 million inhabitants, with an annual mortality rate of 90 000 and 5500 medicolegal autopsies per year. Cooperation between tissue banking and 2 DFMs began in the mid-1980s. Recently, cooperation has expanded to include all six DFMs. All tissue establishments (TEs) were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their cooperation with DFMs from 2011 through 2013. Results: A total of 298 actual donors were identified; 1090 tissues were procured including cardiovascular tissue, cornea, sclera, ear bones, and skin for transplantation. Of the tissues distributed, 553 were for transplantation and 72 for other medical purposes. Twenty-three percent of the tissues were discarded. Reasons for tissue rejection included deficient tissue quality (65%), positive serology tests (9%), positive bacteriology tests after decontamination procedures (7%), technical errors (<1%), and other reasons (18%). Conclusion: Nineteen percent of all tissues distributed for transplantation came from donors in DFMs. The cooperation between DFMs and TEs was described as well functioning and excellent. Education and national courses in tissue procurement for employees in DFMs are contributing factors to such positive interactions. The support from the National Board of Forensic Medicine is an important factor for sustainable progress.

Download Full-text

The Importance of BHB Testing on the Post-Mortem Diagnosis of Ketoacidosis

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom12010009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Stina Ahlström ◽

Johan Ahlner ◽

Anna K. Jönsson ◽

Henrik Green

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Forensic Pathology ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Post Mortem ◽

National Board ◽

Specific Diagnosis ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Alcoholic Ketoacidosis ◽

Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Although beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) analysis has proved its importance in forensic pathology, its effects on cause-of-death diagnostics are unaddressed. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the effects of BHB analysis on the number of deaths by DKA (diabetes ketoacidosis), AKA (alcoholic ketoacidosis), HHS (hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state), hypothermia, diabetes, alcoholism, and acidosis NOS (not otherwise specified). All 2900 deaths from 2013 through 2019 in which BHB was analysed at the National Board of Forensic Medicine, and 1069 DKA, AKA, HHS, hypothermia, diabetes, alcoholism, and acidosis cases without BHB analysis were included. The prevalence of BHB-positive cases for each cause of death, and trends and proportions of different BHB concentrations, were investigated. The number of BHB analyses/year increased from 13 to 1417. AKA increased from three to 66 and acidosis from one to 20. The deaths from alcoholism, DKA, and hypothermia remained stable. It is unclear why death from alcoholism remained stable while AKA increased. The increase in unspecific acidosis deaths raises the question why a more specific diagnosis had not been used. In conclusion, BHB analysis is instrumental in detecting AKA and acidosis. The scientific basis for the diagnosis of DKA and hypothermia improved, but the number of cases did not change.

Download Full-text

Setting a standard on the pilot National Board Dental Examination

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1992.56.10.tb02688.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 684-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

GA Kramer ◽

DR DeMarais

Keyword(s):

National Board ◽

Dental Examination

Download Full-text

Reliability and validity of the pilot National Board Dental Examination

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1992.56.4.tb02630.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 236-241

Author(s):

GA Kramer ◽

DR DeMarais

Keyword(s):

Reliability And Validity ◽

National Board ◽

Dental Examination

Download Full-text

International Interprofessional Collaboration: The Benefits of Global Networking

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp2.sig17.73 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (17) ◽

pp. 73-82

Author(s):

Deborah Ross-Swain ◽

Beryl Fogel ◽

Elaine Fogel Schneider

Keyword(s):

Interprofessional Collaboration ◽

Board Of Education ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Educational Exchange ◽

National Board ◽

Medical Practitioners

This article summarizes and highlights the benefits of international interprofessional collaboration amongst speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The California Speech-Language and Hearing Association (CSHA) was invited by the National Board of Education of Finland to participate in an academic/educational exchange with educators, SLPs, and medical practitioners. SLPs globally are experiencing shared interests, practice issues, training challenges, outreach opportunities and limitations, shortages, interprofessional collaboration and education challenges and successes, and the desire to network and learn from each other. This article will describe the benefits of academic/educational exchange opportunities for our profession and possible outcomes for global networking.

Download Full-text