scholarly journals Identification of Through-Silicon Via (TSV) Failure Points Using the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Matsumoto ◽  
Hiroaki Otsuka ◽  
Osamu Horiuchi ◽  
Young Gun Han ◽  
Woon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Through Silicon Via ◽  
The Time Domain

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA ÁGUA NO SOLO PARA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Do Nascimento Lopes ◽  
Elton Martins ◽  
Bruno De Lima Santoro ◽  
Claudinei Fonseca Souza
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
The Time Domain

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA ÁGUA NO SOLO PARA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO  Leonardo do Nascimento Lopes1; Elton Martins2; Bruno de Lima Santoro2; Claudinei Fonseca Souza31Universidade de Taubaté, Unitau, Taubaté, SP,  [email protected] Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, Unitau, SP 3Departamento de Recursos Naturais e Proteção Ambiental, Universidade Federal São Carlos, São Carlos, SP  1 RESUMO O conhecimento da distribuição da água no solo é de grande importância para a agricultura, uma vez que a água é um dos fatores que mais influenciam o rendimento das culturas. Existem muitas técnicas utilizadas para o monitoramento do conteúdo de água do solo, a reflectometria domínio do tempo (TDR) tem sido difundida entre os pesquisadores por apresentar várias vantagens, entre as quais a determinação em tempo real e a possibilidade de leituras automatizadas. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a distribuição da água no perfil de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Sondas de Reflectometria no domínio do Tempo (TDR) foram utilizadas para monitorar a distribuição de água no solo aplicada através de gotejadores de fluxo constante nas taxas de 2, 4 e 8 Lh-1. Considerando os resultados de diferentes perfis, observa-se um maior armazenamento da água próximo do gotejador diminuindo progressivamente para frente de molhamento. Aproximadamente, um terço da água aplicada (33%) foi armazenado na primeira camada (0-0,10 m) para todos os ensaios. Comparando diferentes taxas de aplicação, observa-se maior armazenamento de água para o gotejador de 8L h-1, com 30, 33 e 34% de água aplicada acumulada na primeira camada (0-0.10 m) para gotejadores de 2, 4 e 8L h-1, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que, com base no volume e frequência utilizada neste experimento, seria vantajoso aplicar pequenas quantidades de água em intervalos mais frequentes para reduzir perdas por percolação. UNITERMOS: TDR, conteúdo de água, bulbo molhado  LOPES, L. N.; MARTINS, E.; SANTORO, B. L.; SOUZA, C. F.WATER DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERIZATION IN SOIL FOR DRIP IRRIGATION   2 ABSTRACT Knowledge of water distribution in soil is of great importance to agriculture, since water is one of the factors that most influence the yield of crops. There are many techniques used to monitor soil water content. The time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been widespread among researchers because it presents several advantages, among which the determination in real time and possibility of automated readings. The main goal of this research was to evaluatethe water distribution in a profile of Red-Yellow Oxisol. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were used to monitor the water distribution from drippers discharging at constant flow rates of 2, 4 and 8 Lh-1 in soil. Considering results from different profiles, we observed greater water storage near the dripper decreasing gradually towards the wetting front. About one third of the applied water (33%) was stored in the first layer (0-0.10 m) for all experiments. Comparing different dripper flow rates, we observed higher water storage for 8 L h-1, with 30, 33 and 34% of applied water accumulating in the first layer (0-0.10m) for dripper flow rates of 2, 4 and 8 L h-1, respectively. The results suggest that based on the volume and frequency used in this experiment, it would be advantageous to apply small amounts of water at more frequent intervals to reduce deep percolation losses of applied water. KEYWORDS: TDR, water content, wetted soil volume

scholarly journals Locating the frozen–unfrozen interface in soils using time-domain reflectometry

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. W. Baker ◽  
J. L. Davis ◽  
H. N. Hayhoe ◽  
G. C. Topp
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulses ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometer ◽  
Liquid And Solid Phases

The time-domain reflectometry technique was compared with the temperature measurement method for locating the frozen–unfrozen interface in water and sandy soils. This technique depends on the high-frequency (1–1000 MHz) electrical properties of water that change significantly and abruptly between the liquid and solid phases. Parallel wire transmission lines were inserted into the soil to guide electromagnetic pulses produced by a time-domain reflectometer (TDR). The frozen–unfrozen interface produced reflections measured by the TDR which were in turn used to locate the interface as it moved along the transmission line. In the laboratory it was possible to locate the interface using the TDR to within ±0.5 cm and in the field to within ±2.4 cm. These errors were equal to those associated with the temperature measurements. Keywords: soil freezing, temperature measurements, dielectric constant, time-domain reflectometry.

The Role of Probe Attenuation in the Time-Domain Reflectometry Characterization of Dielectrics

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Savi ◽  
I. A. Maio ◽  
S. Ferraris
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
The Time Domain

scholarly journals Time-domain Reflectometry for Measuring Water Content of Organic Growing Media in Containers

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1511-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Anisko ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
The Time Domain

The time-domain reflectometry (TDR) method of measuring water content has been applied to mineral soils but not to organic growing media. We investigated the applicability of TDR for measuring the water content of organic media in containers. TDR calibration was conducted for sand, peat, composted pine bark, sand and peat mix, sand and bark mix, and a commercial growing medium (Metro Mix 300). Regression analysis of volumetric water content was conducted with the ratio of apparent: physical length of the probe (La: L) as an independent variable. The calibration curve for Metro Mix 300 was compared to curves generated for a range of soils by other investigators. Additionally, water-content and La: L changes were monitored in Metro Mix 300 for 10 months and were compared to predicted values from the calibration curve. Organic media had a higher water content than sand for the same La: L value. Equations developed by previous authors generally underestimated water content when compared with the calibration curve for Metro Mix 300. We attribute this difference to a large fraction of highly decomposed organic matter or vermiculite and, thus, to the presence of more bound water. Specific calibration of TDR may be required to determine the absolute water content of organic growing media.

scholarly journals Is the Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Technique Suitable for Moisture Content Measurement in Low-Porosity Building Materials?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Stingl Freitas ◽  
Ana Sofia Guimarães ◽  
Staf Roels ◽  
Vasco Peixoto de Freitas ◽  
Andrea Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Low Porosity

Measuring moisture content in building materials is essential both for professional practice and for research. However, this is a very complex task, especially when long-term minor destructive measurements are desired. The time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technique is commonly used for soil moisture measurements, but its application in construction materials is considered a relatively new method, particularly for low-porosity building materials. The major obstacles to its current use in construction materials are (1) the difficulty of ensuring good contact between the TDR probe and the material, and (2) the lack of appropriate conversion functions between the measured relative permittivity and the moisture content of building materials. This paper intends to contribute to overcoming these difficulties by explaining in detail all the required steps to monitor moisture content in real-scale limestone walls. For that, a device is presented to guarantee the correct installation of the TDR probes on the walls, and a calibration procedure through the gravimetric method is proposed to avoid the use of an unsuitable calibration function developed for soil moisture measurements. In addition, the importance of the individual probe calibration is discussed, as well as TDR advantages and disadvantages for construction materials. The results obtained so far reveal that the TDR technique is suitable to detect moisture content variations in limestone, which is a low-porosity building material.

P-53: Precise Location of Touch Panel by Employing the Time-Domain Reflectometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Fang Huang ◽  
Yu-Ching Hung ◽  
Chia-Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Touch Panel ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
P 53
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