The Role of Probe Attenuation in the Time-Domain Reflectometry Characterization of Dielectrics

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Savi ◽  
I. A. Maio ◽  
S. Ferraris
Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Gonçalves ◽  
Alfred Pinto ◽  
Renato Mesquita ◽  
Elson Silva ◽  
Adriana Brancaccio

The knowledge of the electromagnetic constitutive properties of materials is crucial in many applications. Free-space methods are widely used for this purpose, despite their inherent practical difficulties. This paper describes an affordable free-space experimental setup for the characterization of flat samples in 1–6 GHz in a non-anechoic environment. The extracted properties are obtained from the calibrated Scattering Parameters, using a frequency-by-frequency solution or a multi-frequency reconstruction. For the first, we describe how the Time-Domain Gating can be implemented and used for filtering the signals. For the latter, a weighting factor is introduced to balance the reflection and transmission data, allowing one to have a more favorable configuration. The different role of transmission and reflection measurements on the achievable results is analyzed with regard to experimental uncertainties and different noise scenarios. Results from the two strategies are analyzed and compared. Good agreement between simulation, measurement and literature is obtained. According to the reported results for dielectric materials, there is no need of filtering the data by a Time-Domain Gating in case of the multi-frequency approach. Experimental results for Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) samples validate both the setup and the processing.


2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 30601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abelin Kameni ◽  
Florent Loete ◽  
Lionel Pichon

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of a chafing soft defect realized by partially milling coaxial cables. The approach is based on the time domain reflectometry technique. The numerical model consists in solving Maxwell’s equations while an incident Gaussian pulse is injected on the faulty line. The experimental time domain measurements are performed with a vector network analyzer. To get the experimental results comparable to the numerical ones, a process to denoise the measured impulse responses is proposed. The reflection coefficients obtained are compared to those given by a classical approach based on a chain matrix model to show the impact of 3D numerical modeling in studying soft faults.


Author(s):  
A. Kumar ◽  
S. B. Pandey ◽  
R. Gupta ◽  
A. Aryan ◽  
A. J. Castro-Tirado ◽  
...  

Newly installed 3.6m DOT at Nainital (Uttarakhand) is a novel facility for the time domain astronomy. Because of the longitudinal advantage of India, it could be used to study new transients reported by a global network of robotic telescopes. Observations with the 4K × 4K CCD Imager at the axial port of the 3.6m DOT will be very helpful in the near future towards understanding the different physical aspects of time-critical events, e.g., Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), Supernovae, Gravitational wave candidates, etc. Using the Imager with broadband filters (Bessel UBVRI and SDSS ugriz), ~6.5' × 6.5' images could be obtained to attempt various science goals in synergy with other multi-band facilities. In this study, we present an analysis of unpublished R-band data of GRB 171205A/SN 2017iuk spanning between ~12 to 105 days since burst, that observed using the 3.6m DOT with 4K × 4K CCD Imager. In the R-band light curve, a bump appears to start from ~3 days, which shows the peak at ~15 days after the burst, clearly indicates photometric evidence of association of SN with GRB 171205A.


Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Do Nascimento Lopes ◽  
Elton Martins ◽  
Bruno De Lima Santoro ◽  
Claudinei Fonseca Souza

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA ÁGUA NO SOLO PARA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO  Leonardo do Nascimento Lopes1; Elton Martins2; Bruno de Lima Santoro2; Claudinei Fonseca Souza31Universidade de Taubaté, Unitau, Taubaté, SP,  [email protected] Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, Unitau, SP 3Departamento de Recursos Naturais e Proteção Ambiental, Universidade Federal São Carlos, São Carlos, SP  1 RESUMO O conhecimento da distribuição da água no solo é de grande importância para a agricultura, uma vez que a água é um dos fatores que mais influenciam o rendimento das culturas. Existem muitas técnicas utilizadas para o monitoramento do conteúdo de água do solo, a reflectometria domínio do tempo (TDR) tem sido difundida entre os pesquisadores por apresentar várias vantagens, entre as quais a determinação em tempo real e a possibilidade de leituras automatizadas. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a distribuição da água no perfil de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Sondas de Reflectometria no domínio do Tempo (TDR) foram utilizadas para monitorar a distribuição de água no solo aplicada através de gotejadores de fluxo constante nas taxas de 2, 4 e 8 Lh-1. Considerando os resultados de diferentes perfis, observa-se um maior armazenamento da água próximo do gotejador diminuindo progressivamente para frente de molhamento. Aproximadamente, um terço da água aplicada (33%) foi armazenado na primeira camada (0-0,10 m) para todos os ensaios. Comparando diferentes taxas de aplicação, observa-se maior armazenamento de água para o gotejador de 8L h-1, com 30, 33 e 34% de água aplicada acumulada na primeira camada (0-0.10 m) para gotejadores de 2, 4 e 8L h-1, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que, com base no volume e frequência utilizada neste experimento, seria vantajoso aplicar pequenas quantidades de água em intervalos mais frequentes para reduzir perdas por percolação. UNITERMOS: TDR, conteúdo de água, bulbo molhado  LOPES, L. N.; MARTINS, E.; SANTORO, B. L.; SOUZA, C. F.WATER DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERIZATION IN SOIL FOR DRIP IRRIGATION   2 ABSTRACT Knowledge of water distribution in soil is of great importance to agriculture, since water is one of the factors that most influence the yield of crops. There are many techniques used to monitor soil water content. The time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been widespread among researchers because it presents several advantages, among which the determination in real time and possibility of automated readings. The main goal of this research was to evaluatethe water distribution in a profile of Red-Yellow Oxisol. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were used to monitor the water distribution from drippers discharging at constant flow rates of 2, 4 and 8 Lh-1 in soil. Considering results from different profiles, we observed greater water storage near the dripper decreasing gradually towards the wetting front. About one third of the applied water (33%) was stored in the first layer (0-0.10 m) for all experiments. Comparing different dripper flow rates, we observed higher water storage for 8 L h-1, with 30, 33 and 34% of applied water accumulating in the first layer (0-0.10m) for dripper flow rates of 2, 4 and 8 L h-1, respectively. The results suggest that based on the volume and frequency used in this experiment, it would be advantageous to apply small amounts of water at more frequent intervals to reduce deep percolation losses of applied water. KEYWORDS: TDR, water content, wetted soil volume


2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gerig ◽  
Daniel Welti ◽  
Charles R.G. Guttmann ◽  
Alan C.F. Colchester ◽  
Gábor Székely

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Raffaele Persico ◽  
Iman Farhat ◽  
Lourdes Farrugia ◽  
Sebastiano D'Amico ◽  
Charles Sammut

In this paper we propose a study regarding some possibilities that can be offered by a time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe in retrieving both dielectric and magnetic properties of materials. This technique can be of interest for several applications, among which the characterization of soil in some situations. In particular, here we propose an extension of the paper “Retrieving electric and magnetic propetries of the soil in situ: New possibilities”, presented at the IWAGPR, held in Edinburgh in 2017, and as a new contribution we will validate a transmission line model with numerical data simulated by the CST code.


2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanju Rhee ◽  
Intae Eom ◽  
Sung-Hyun Ahn ◽  
Minhaeng Cho

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