scholarly journals Ontogenic Development Of Gills In Pre To Post-Flexion Stages Larvae Of Himalayan Snow Trout Schizothorax Plagiostomus (Heckel)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Rayal
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Pillar Cells ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Ontogenic Development ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Schizothorax Plagiostomus

The ontogenic development of gills, including gill arch, gill filaments, and gill rakers in pre to postflexion stages larvae of Himalayan Snow Trout Schizothorax plagiostomus were studied with the objectives that this study could serve as a base for further studies about the early embryonic development and organogenesis in various fish species inhabiting hill stream environments. To obtain the pre to post-flexion stages larvae, an artificial breeding experiment was conducted during September- October on the bank of snow-fed river Alaknanda by stripping method. Further, the development of the gill apparatus was studied histologically, using light microscopy. Hatchling takes place 124-130 hours after fertilization at the incubation temperature of 19-200C. On second dph (day post-hatching), gill arches, gill filaments, and branchiostegal membrane began to differentiate. By the third dph, blood channels were observed in gill filaments as well as in pseudobranch. Formation of secondary lamellae, branchial arteries, elongation of the gill cover, cartilaginous rod formation in the gill arch, and the branchiostegal membrane was discernible by fourth-fifth dph. Pillar cells and afferent and efferent arteries with RBCs in primary and secondary lamellae were observed on the seventh dph. Around the onset of exclusive exogenous feeding (twelfth dph), gill rakers and a group of pillar cells with blood channels were recognizable. Well-organized and functional gill structures with increased number and size of secondary gill lamellae were present among the fifteenth-seventeenth dph larvae. The general pattern of structural and functional development of both the natural site and laboratory-reared larvae was similar, except a large amount of mucous and clustered epithelial cells among the laboratory-reared larvae, which may be due to the physiological as well as environmental stress posed by the adverse physicochemical conditions.

scholarly journals Structure of Respiratory Organs of Esomus dandricus (Ham.)

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Haimanti Bhattacharya ◽  
Bharat Raj Subba
Keyword(s):  
Water Channels ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments

In Esomus dandricus (Ham.), 4 pairs of gills are present with secondary lamellae having a thin lamellar epithelium. The space, which is present in between the proximal margin of gill filaments and branchial septum, forms the so-called water channels to distribute water along the length of the gill filaments. Number of mucous glands and taste buds are present on the gill- rakers and gill head region. The gill filaments of the two-hemi branches are long and alternately arranged to each other, unequal in length and are separated by a comparatively long interbranchial septum (covering about 42% of the total length of the filaments). Tertiary lamellae are absent. Keywords: Fish, Esomus dandricus, Respiratory organsdoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.305Our Nature (2003) 1: 49-52

Contractile Filamentous Material in the Pillar Cells of Fish Gills

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BETTEX-GALLAND ◽  
G. M. HUGHES
Keyword(s):  
Thin Filaments ◽  
Fish Gills ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Pillar Cells ◽  
Contractile System ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Cytoplasmic Filaments ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Epithelial Sheets ◽  
Filamentous Material

The secondary lamellae of the gill filaments are the sites of gas exchange in fish gills. They are mainly composed of 2 epithelial sheets joined together by pillar cells. These cells are characterized by collagen columns contained in infoldings of the cell membrane and oriented perpendicular to the epithelial sheets. The gill is the first organ to which the blood flows from the heart and within the secondary lamellae it flows through channels between the pillar cells. The presence in the pillar cells of fine cytoplasmic filaments situated parallel to the collagen columns has now been observed in many fishes and the hypothesis has been advanced that they constitute a contractile system. This paper describes how gill filaments were treated in a way similar to that used for other non-muscular cells in order to demonstrate in situ the presence of contractile proteins of the actomyosin type. Gill filaments were extracted in glycerol-containing solutions of low ionic strength, and then incubated with and without ATP. After incubation with ATP examination in the electron microscope showed that in the vicinity of the collagen columns, the pillar cells contain clusters of disordered thin filaments intermingled with spindle-shaped needles. This structure is characteristic of muscle actomyosin, as well as actomyosin-like proteins extracted from cells of non-muscular origin and fixed in a contracted state. It is deduced that the thin cytoplasmic filaments surrounding the collagen columns consist of an actomyosin-like con- tractile protein. On incubation of extracted gill filaments without ATP, the expected negative result was obtained, i.e. the filaments retain their orientation parallel to the columns. The function of the contractile filaments within the pillar cells is discussed in relation to the control of blood flow through the secondary lamellae and the reduction of pressure drop during the flow of blood across the gills of fish.

scholarly journals Morpho- Functional Observations on Ontogenic development of the Renal excretory system in pre to post flexion stages larvae of Himalaya Snow trout Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Rayal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Ontogenic Development ◽  
External Feeding ◽  
Schizothorax Plagiostomus

Schizothorax plagiostomus is one of the most important food fish inhabiting the snow-fed tributaries of the Himalayan region. Due to nutritional value, good growth rate, high economic prospects as well as the decline in the natural habitat its commercial production is desired. Keeping in view this fact, during the present investigation by following the artificial breeding and rearing experiments an attempt has been made to understand the morpho-functional development of the renal excretory system in pre to post-flexion stages larvae. The study reveals that all the essential basic structures of the renal excretory system (pronephros) were established before the initiation of external feeding. During the post-flexion stage when the yolk sac was almost reabsorbed and larvae exclusively depend on exogenous feeding the mesonephric tubules were forming and some of them become functional i.e. presence of glomerulus to maintain the internal environment as well as efficient removal of gradually increasing amount of nitrogenous wastes. The presence of lymphoid tissues was suggesting that cell-mediated immune responses develop progressively in the Himalayan snow trout S. plagiostomus larvae.

The developmental stages of Neobrachiella robusta (Wilson, 1912), a parasitic copepod of Sebastes (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331-1336
Author(s):  
Z. Kabata
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Parasitic Copepod ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Copepodid Stage

The morphology of the developmental stages of Neobrachiella robusta (Wilson, 1912) (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) is described. The copepod is parasitic on the gill rakers of Sebastes alutus (Gilbert, 1890) (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes). The life cycle of this copepod consists of a copepodid stage, followed by four chalimus stages and a relatively long preadult stage, which undergoes extensive metamorphosis. The copepods aggregate on the outer row of long gill rakers of the first gill arch, as many as 97% of them being attached to these rakers. Some of the rakers become distorted, but a connection between the presence of N. robusta and these abnormalities could not be established.

Spatial distribution of the parasite Kroyeria carchariaeglauci Hesse, 1879 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Kroyeriidae) on gills of the blue shark (Prionace glauca (L., 1758))

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Benz ◽  
Kevin S. Dupre
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Blue Shark ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Gill Surface Area

Five blue sharks (Prionace glauca) were examined for gill-infesting copepods. Three species of siphonostomatoid copepods were collected: Gangliopus pyriformis, Phyllothyreus cornutus, and Kroyeria carchariaeglauci. The spatial distribution of K. carchariaeglauci was analyzed. The number of K. carchariaeglauci per shark was positively related to gill surface area and host size. Copepods were unevenly distributed amongst hemibranchs; flanking hemibranchs could be arranged into three statistically homogeneous groups. Female K. carchariaeglauci typically attached themselves within the middle 40% of each hemibranch; males were more evenly dispersed. Eighty percent of all K. carchariaeglauci attached themselves to secondary lamellae, the remainder were in the underlying excurrent water channels. Most K. carchariaeglauci were located between 10 and 25 mm along the lengths of gill filaments. Overall, the spatial distribution of K. carchariaeglauci was quite specific in all study planes. Explanation of this distribution is set forth in terms of natural selection pressures; however, the equally plausible explanation that the distribution pattern exhibited by these copepods is phylogenetically determined and may have little to do with contemporary selective constraints should not be ignored.

Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5004 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
HARUTAKA HATA ◽  
HIROYUKI MOTOMURA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Pelvic Fin

The new anchovy Stolephorus grandis n. sp., described on the basis of 10 specimens collected from Papua, Indonesia, and Australia, closely resembles Stolephorus mercurius Hata, Lavoué & Motomura, 2021, Stolephorus multibranchus Wongratana, 1987, and Stolephorus rex Jordan & Seale, 1926, all having double pigmented lines on the dorsum from the occiput to the dorsal-fin origin, a long maxilla (posterior tip just reaching or slightly beyond the posterior margin of preopercle), and lacking a predorsal scute. However, the new species clearly differs from the others in having fewer gill rakers (35–39 total gill rakers on the first gill arch in S. grandis vs. > 38 in the other species), a greater number of vertebrae (total vertebrae 42–43 vs. fewer than 41), longer caudal peduncle (21.9–23.7% SL vs. < 20.8%), and the depressed pelvic fin not reaching posteriorly to vertical through the dorsal fin-origin (vs. reaching beyond level of dorsal-fin origin).

Elevated 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphodiesterase activities in trout gill localize to endothelial (pillar) cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (13) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019
Author(s):  
JC Robertson ◽  
JR Hazel
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Pillar Cells ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Histochemical Evidence ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Trout Gill

Tissue homogenates from rainbow trout gill had three- to fivefold higher specific activity for 5'-nucleotidase (5'NT) and more than twofold greater alkaline phosphodiesterase (APD) activity than liver or kidney homogenates. In isolated plasma membranes, gill 5'NT activity was 3-5 times greater than that of the kidney or liver; gill and kidney plasma membranes had similar APD specific activities, both more than five times that of liver. 5'NT and APD activities were localized by histochemistry to the endothelial (pillar) cells of trout gill secondary lamellae. Staining was consistent with the concentration of both activities at the apical plasma membranes of pillar cells (i.e. at the lamellar microvascular surfaces). This localization may reflect a capacity for processing nucleotide metabolites circulating in the blood, perhaps relating to purinergic regulation of local lamellar hemodynamics. There was no histochemical evidence of either 5'NT or APD activity in the gill epithelial (pavement) cells that interface directly with the environment. In contrast, in trout kidney, both enzyme activities localized to the apical region of tubule epithelial cells. The absence of 5'NT and APD activity in pavement cells reinforces the unique structural and functional character of the gill-environment epithelial barrier. The results indicate that 5'NT and APD activities have particular potential application as markers in efforts to isolate and characterize specific gill plasma membrane fractions.

scholarly journals Gill infection of Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988 (Osteichthyes: Anostomidae) by Henneguya leporinicola n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). Description, histopathology and treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. MARTINS ◽  
V. N. de SOUZA ◽  
J. R. E de MORAES ◽  
F. R de MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Tissue Alterations

Piauçus (Leporinus macrocephalus), were raised in 300 m² ponds (density of 10 fish/m²) presenting asphyxia signals and daily mortality of 27 fishes. Specimens with 8-cm total body length, were collected for necropsy. Mucus of body surface and pieces of organs were collected and examined microscopically, in wet mounts, stained or in histological sections. The smears examination showed the presence of several spores in the secondary lamellae of the gill filaments, identified as Henneguya leporinicola n.sp (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). Histopatological study showed epithelial hyperplasia and fulfilling of the spaces between the secondary lamellae, congestion and teleangiectasia sinusoidal. It was also observed hyperplasia of the goblet cells and several cysts of parasite with 70.3mum diameter. Such cysts were situated among the secondary lamellae, covered or not by the hyperplasic epithelium. With this diagnostic, three applications of formalin solution 10 ml/m³ were carried out. Fifteen days after that, fish were examined again to ascertain whether the treatment was efficient on disease caused by the protozoa. The tissue alterations present in the gills after the treatment were just a moderate sinusoidal congestion and a slight epithelial hyperplasia on the base of the secondary lamellae.

A review of species of Myxobolus (Myxosporea) parasitizing catostomid fishes, with a redescription of Myxobolus bibullatus (Kudo, 1934) n.comb. and description of Myxobolus lamellus n.sp. from Catostomus commersoni in Nova Scotia

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2290-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grinham ◽  
D. K. Cone
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Capillary Bed ◽  
Spore Length

Known species of Myxobolus from catostomid fishes are reviewed and Myxobolus bibullatus (Kudo, 1934) n.comb. and Myxobolus lamellus n.sp. (Myxosporea) are described from common sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in Sawler Lake, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia. Trophozoites of M. bibullatus form saclike interlamellar cysts at the base of gill filaments. Myxobolus lamellus n.sp. forms interstitial trophozoites in secondary lamellae that envelop the capillary bed. Spores form through the cyst's vacuolated matrix, and are round with large polar capsules relative to spore length. Ten species of Myxosoma from catostomids are transferred to Myxobolus and the following revisions made: Myxobolus bibullatus (Kudo, 1934) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma bibullatum Kudo, 1934); Myxobolus commersonii (Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1939) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma commersonii Fantham, Porter, and Richardson 1939); Myxobolus ellipticoides (Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1939) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma ellipticoides Fantham, Porter, and Richardson 1939); Myxobolus endovasus (Davis, 1947) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma endovasa Davis, 1947); Myxobolus microthecus (Meglitsch, 1942) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma microthecum Meglitsch, 1942); Myxobolus multiplicatus (Reuss, 1906) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma multiplicatum (Reuss, 1906); and Myxobolus ovalis (Davis, 1923) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma ovalis Davis, 1923). Myxobolus meglitschi (Meglitsch, 1937) nom.nov (syn. Myxosoma rotundum Meglitsch, 1937), Myxobolus musculosus (Kudo, 1923) nom.nov. (syn. Myxosoma catostomi Kudo, 1923), and Myxobolus filamentus (Rice and Jahn, 1943) nom.nov. (syn. Myxosoma okobojiensis Rice and Jahn, 1943) are established because of specific preoccupations. Known information on myxobolids from catostomid fishes is summarized.

Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3579 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JØRGEN G. NIELSEN ◽  
WERNER SCHWARZHANS ◽  
DANIEL M. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Gill Opening ◽  
Frontal Plate ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Otolith Morphology ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Head Pores ◽  
Infor Mation

Material of three similar and probably related genera of the viviparous ophidiiform family, Bythitidae, has been studied.The monotypic Hastatobythites is only known from the original two specimens; re-examination of the paratype and infor-mation of the holotype clearly demonstrates the validity of the genus. The revision of Saccogaster (Cohen & Nielsen1972) was based on 15 specimens. Since then 29 additional specimens have been collected representing 11 species, threeof which are here described: S. brayae, horrida and nikoliviae. Three of the 11 Saccogaster species, S. melanomycter, S.normae and S. rhamphidognatha, differ so much from the remaining eight that a new genus, Parasaccogaster, is de-scribed. The main diagnostic characters used for the three genera are: A pair of spines on frontal plate behind eyes, spineson snout, length of gill filaments on anterior arch, number and length of developed gill rakers, size of gill opening, thick-ness of skin, head pores, otolith morphology, color marks on head, neuromasts on head and head morphometrics, fin ray counts.

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