scholarly journals Morpho- Functional Observations on Ontogenic development of the Renal excretory system in pre to post flexion stages larvae of Himalaya Snow trout Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Rayal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Ontogenic Development ◽  
External Feeding ◽  
Schizothorax Plagiostomus

Schizothorax plagiostomus is one of the most important food fish inhabiting the snow-fed tributaries of the Himalayan region. Due to nutritional value, good growth rate, high economic prospects as well as the decline in the natural habitat its commercial production is desired. Keeping in view this fact, during the present investigation by following the artificial breeding and rearing experiments an attempt has been made to understand the morpho-functional development of the renal excretory system in pre to post-flexion stages larvae. The study reveals that all the essential basic structures of the renal excretory system (pronephros) were established before the initiation of external feeding. During the post-flexion stage when the yolk sac was almost reabsorbed and larvae exclusively depend on exogenous feeding the mesonephric tubules were forming and some of them become functional i.e. presence of glomerulus to maintain the internal environment as well as efficient removal of gradually increasing amount of nitrogenous wastes. The presence of lymphoid tissues was suggesting that cell-mediated immune responses develop progressively in the Himalayan snow trout S. plagiostomus larvae.

scholarly journals Ontogenic Development Of Gills In Pre To Post-Flexion Stages Larvae Of Himalayan Snow Trout Schizothorax Plagiostomus (Heckel)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Rayal
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Pillar Cells ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Ontogenic Development ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Schizothorax Plagiostomus

The ontogenic development of gills, including gill arch, gill filaments, and gill rakers in pre to postflexion stages larvae of Himalayan Snow Trout Schizothorax plagiostomus were studied with the objectives that this study could serve as a base for further studies about the early embryonic development and organogenesis in various fish species inhabiting hill stream environments. To obtain the pre to post-flexion stages larvae, an artificial breeding experiment was conducted during September- October on the bank of snow-fed river Alaknanda by stripping method. Further, the development of the gill apparatus was studied histologically, using light microscopy. Hatchling takes place 124-130 hours after fertilization at the incubation temperature of 19-200C. On second dph (day post-hatching), gill arches, gill filaments, and branchiostegal membrane began to differentiate. By the third dph, blood channels were observed in gill filaments as well as in pseudobranch. Formation of secondary lamellae, branchial arteries, elongation of the gill cover, cartilaginous rod formation in the gill arch, and the branchiostegal membrane was discernible by fourth-fifth dph. Pillar cells and afferent and efferent arteries with RBCs in primary and secondary lamellae were observed on the seventh dph. Around the onset of exclusive exogenous feeding (twelfth dph), gill rakers and a group of pillar cells with blood channels were recognizable. Well-organized and functional gill structures with increased number and size of secondary gill lamellae were present among the fifteenth-seventeenth dph larvae. The general pattern of structural and functional development of both the natural site and laboratory-reared larvae was similar, except a large amount of mucous and clustered epithelial cells among the laboratory-reared larvae, which may be due to the physiological as well as environmental stress posed by the adverse physicochemical conditions.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF EPITHELIAL REMNANT AND WHOLE ORGAN GRAFTS OF THYMUS ON THE RECOVERY OF THYMECTOMIZED IRRADIATED MICE

1969 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther F. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cellular Components

Work has been presented which suggests that thymus epithelial reticular cells are not effective in restoring the microscopic morphology of lymphoid tissues and their immunologic capacities. They function in recruiting precursors of thymus lymphocytes from the host animals to produce an organ which, after it becomes architecturally normal, can reconstitute the defective host. Intact thymus grafts in situ from 10–14 days, but not for shorter periods of time, have been shown to result in a return toward normal of these two parameters. Evidence is offered to show that few dividing cellular components in the lymphoid tissue originate from the thymus remnant grafts, and that a minor cellular component is contributed by the intact grafts. These data support the concept that the structural and functional development of the lymphatic tissue in thymectomized animals is dependent on thymus lymphoid cells and/or their products, and that the epithelial-reticular cells do not have a direct action in peripheral lymphoid reconstitution.

scholarly journals Ontogenic development of kidney, thymus and spleen and phenotypic expression of CD3 and CD4 receptors on the lymphocytes of cobia (Rachycentroncanadum )

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2111-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA C. KLOSTERHOFF ◽  
JOABER PEREIRA JÚNIOR ◽  
RICARDO V. RODRIGUES ◽  
EMELINE P. GUSMÃO ◽  
LUÍS A. SAMPAIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Immunocompetent Organs ◽  
Ontogenic Development ◽  
Histology And Immunohistochemistry

ABSTRACT In the present study was evaluated the ontogenic of immunocompetent organs of cobia up to 53 days after hatching (dah) through histology and immunohistochemistry techniques. The kidney was the first lymphohematopoietic organ to appear, at 1 dah, followed by the spleen at 5 dah and the thymus at 7 dah. The first CD3 receptors on the lymphocytes were observed in 27% of the thymic tissue at 7 dah and in 99% at 53 dah. The phenotypic expression of CD3 receptors was registered in 10% of the kidney at 8 dah and in 32% at 53 dah. CD4 receptors were observed in 5% and 63% of the thymic area at 7 and 53 dah, respectively. In the kidney, T4 lymphocytes were first observed at 13 dah in 9% of the organ and in 28% at 53 dah, defining the functional development of the specific system associated with immunological memory capacity.

scholarly journals Postembryonal ontogenesis of broad whitefish and formed herd under phenol intoxication

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
S. A. Seliukova ◽  
М. V. Kibalova ◽  
Iu. A. Usoltseva ◽  
A. G. Seliukov
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
State University ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Eye Pigmentation ◽  
External Feeding ◽  
Fish Productivity

The paper reveals the data on comparative analysis of broad whitefish Coregonus nasus larvae in the Ob received from natural populations (lower Ob) and from fish, farmed outside their natural habitat. This fish herd was formed from fish brought from the lower Ob basin to the fish farm “Forvat” (Leningrad region), where they were bred during five generations. During a month, the embryos of broad whitefish were incubated in the conditions of Sob fish-breeding plant (Harp village, Yamalo-Nenetsk Autonomous District), then they were placed for breeding into the laboratory of the Institute of Biology of Tyumen State University. The broad whitefish embryos from artificial herd were taken to the laboratory at the stage of eye pigmentation. After hatching, the larvae in both series were found to be chronically intoxicated with phenol 1 (0.001 mg/l), 5 (0.005 mg/l) and 10 (0.01 mg/l) since their transfer to external feeding up to two months of age. The authors observed broad whitefish from artificial herd and found out increased survival rate, higher balance and lower level of hystopathological changes in all variants. Due to low biological parameters of the broad whitefish young stock, their application for stocking natural basins in the conditions of modern anthropogenic impact is not efficient. On the other hand, increased biological and toxicovigilance characteristics are more effective when being applied in the basins with high anthropogenic load with the aim to increase fish productivity.

IMMUNOHISTOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF INEFFECTIVE CD40-CD40 LIGAND INTERACTION IN LYMPHOID TISSUES FROM PATIENTS WITH X-LINKED IMMUNODEFICIENCY WITH HYPER-IgM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-350
Author(s):  
Kathleen E. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Follicular Dendritic Cells ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Hyper Igm ◽  
Follicular Dendritic

The functional development of B cell follicles and follicular dendritic cells require CD40-CD40 ligand interactions. Both of these abnormalities probably contribute to the immunodeficiency in HIGMX-1.

scholarly journals Assessment of ecto and endo parasites of Schizothorax plagiostomus inhabiting river Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ahmad ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
S. N. Das ◽  
W. A. Pahanwar ◽  
S. Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Schizothorax Plagiostomus

Abstract Fish provides main source of high quality protein to more than one billion people in the world. Fish parasites directly affect the productivity of fish and indirectly on human health. This research was aimed to assess the helminth parasites in Schizothorax plagiostomus (the snow trout) from river Panjkora, KP, Pakistan. A total of 88 fish samples (n= 88) were collected from the upper, middle and lower regions of the river through cast nets, hand nets and hooks. All the collected fish samples were examined in the Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand for helminth parasites during July 2018 to February 2019.Among these fishes nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalan were isolated and identified. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 60.22% (53/88). The intensity of the parasite was observed from 1.7% to 4.61%. Highest prevalence was reported in summer season 86.36% while lowest in the winter season 36.36%. This study shows that summer season affects the fish business and result in poor quality fish meat with risk of zoonotic diseases. Adults were highly infected 82.25% while no infection was found in juvenile specimens. Female fish samples had higher prevalence 68.22% than males 48.22%. Fishes of the lower reaches had highest prevalence 60.22% than the upper reaches 40.0%. Fish samples with maximum length and weight were highly 76.92% infected than small sized fish with low body weight. Present study addresses that Rhabdochona schizothoracis in the intestine and Diplozoon paradoxum in gills of snow trout fish has a long term relationship and call as a natural infection in cyprinids and it is zoonotic threat to human.

scholarly journals MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF SWIM BLADDER IN PRE TO POST FLEXION STAGES LARVAE OF HIMALAYAN SNOW TROUT SCHIZOTHORAX PLAGIOSTOMUS (HECKEL) REARED IN ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Rayal
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Natural Site ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Swim Bladder Inflation ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
Schizothorax Plagiostomus

Present study deals with histology, gross morphology of the larvae and its behavioural aspects to describe the progression of the development of swim bladder in pre to post flexion stages larvae of the Himalayan Snow Trout Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel) reared in laboratory as well as in natural site. It reveals a very significant information in respect to derivation, tissue differentiation, initial inflation as well as factors responsible for noninflation of swim bladder especially among laboratory reared larvae. At hatching (108-110 and 124-130 hours after fertilization in laboratory and natural site respectively), larvae measured 9.00 mm and 10.5 mm in laboratory and natural site respectively, and their body cavity was mostly occupied with a huge amount of yolk. The mouth, pharynx and esophagus were impervious till 3rd day post hatching (dph). Primordial swim bladder appeared on 3rd.dph as a cluster of mesenchymal cells evaginating from the posterior dorsal surface of the differentiating esophagus. Later on it grows toward the caudal direction below the differentiating vertebral column and kidney. Initial swim bladder inflation occurred by 6-dph when larvae attained 12.50–13.50 mm length, with the onset of first exogenous feeding. During this phase a mucous like substance was also observed in the pneumatic duct as well as lumen of swim bladder of some laboratory reared larvae and later on they got mortality. By 8-dph well differentiated and inflated swim bladder becomes externally visible and pneumatic duct extended to join the dorsal wall of esophagus. A number of biotic and abiotic factors were found associated with preventing swim bladder inflation during Pre flexion to Post flexion stages.

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