scholarly journals Characterisation of molten salts for their application to Molten Salt Reactors

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Jake Barnes ◽  
Ryan Coutts ◽  
Toby Horne ◽  
Jesse Thai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Gen Iv

Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs) are one of the six Gen (IV) reactor designs chosen by the Generation IV International Forum for further development. A key area of concern for MSRs is the selection of molten salt composition. Parameters such as heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and viscosity are essential to consider when selecting a salt mixture for use as a coolant in an MSR. In this meta-study, the thermodynamic properties of a range of halide, carbonate and nitrate salts are compared. Using this data, an estimate is made for the usable energy density of each salt. This value in combination with the raw data is used to assess the viability of each salt for use in an MSR. It was found that fluoride salts are the most suitable. They tend to have high heat capacities and large thermal conductivities in relation to the other salts in this study. The 50-50 concentration of LiF-BeF2 had by far the highest usable energy density at 2.21 J/cm3K, however its extremely high viscosity, of 22.2 mPa.s, makes it unsuitable for use as a circulating coolant. LiF-NaF-BeF2 had the next highest usable energy density at 1.82 Jcm-3K-1. Without considering factors beyond thermodynamic properties, it was concluded that LiF-NaF-BeF2, would be the most suitable of the studied salts for use as an MSR coolant. Much of the experimental data in this field was obtained over 40 years ago, it is often of poor quality, lacking standardisation and with large error margins. An attempt has been made in this paper to compile this data and to standardise it to such a degree that salts can be reasonable compared. Keywords: Molten Salt Reactor; FLiBe; FLiNaK; Heat Capacity; Carnot Efficiency

Calculation of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of 14 additive and reciprocal ternary systems containing Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Li2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, LiOH, NaOH, and KOH

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Pelton ◽  
C. W. Bale ◽  
P. L. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Critical Assessment

Phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of five additive molten salt ternary systems and nine reciprocal molten salt ternary systems containing the ions Li+, Na+, [Formula: see text], OH− are calculated from the thermodynamic properties of their binary subsystems which were obtained previously by a critical assessment of the thermodynamic data and the phase diagrams in these binary systems. Thermodynamic properties of ternary liquid phases are estimated from the binary properties by means of the Conformal Ionic Solution Theory. The ternary phase diagrams are then calculated from these thermodynamic properties by means of computer programs designed for the purpose. It is found that a ternary phase diagram can generally be calculated in this way with a maximum error about twice that of the maximum error in the binary phase diagrams upon which the calculations are based. If, in addition, some reliable ternary phase diagram measurements are available, these can be used to obtain small ternary correction terms. In this way, ternary phase diagram measurements can be smoothed and the isotherms drawn in a thermodynamically correct way. The thermodynamic approach permits experimental data to be critically assessed in the light of thermodynamic principles and accepted solution models. A critical assessment of error limits on all the calculated ternary diagrams is made, and suggestions as to which composition regions merit further experimental study are given.

scholarly journals Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of ditungsten carbide, W2C1−x, from 10 to 1000 K

1988 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grønvold ◽  
S. Stølen ◽  
E.F. Westrum ◽  
A.K. Labban ◽  
B. Uhrenius
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties

Low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of endo-Tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Guo Kong ◽  
Zhi-Cheng Tan ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Shuang-He Meng ◽  
Xin-He Bao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Low Temperature Heat Capacity

Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of NaTi3(SO3)2 from 10 to 330 K

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-302
Author(s):  
G. Coffy ◽  
T. Matsuo ◽  
S. Sunner ◽  
A. Tranquard
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties

Tobacco stalk-derived carbon prepared by one-step molten salt carbonization for supercapacitor

2021 ◽  
pp. 2151021
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Liu ◽  
Xinhua Cheng ◽  
Shenghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Heteroatom Doping ◽  
Hierarchically Porous Structure ◽  
One Step ◽  
Tobacco Stalk

High-performance capacitive carbon materials, derived from tobacco stalk, were prepared by a one-step carbonization process in molten carbonate. Owing to the high specific surface area (SSA) (1165.9 m2 g[Formula: see text] and heteroatom doping by the activation effect of molten salt medium for 3 h, the as-obtained carbon material with hierarchically porous structure exhibits an ideal capacitive property with delivering specific capacitances of 219.8, 188.0, 176.4, and 168.4 F g[Formula: see text] at 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 A g[Formula: see text], respectively, acceptable rate performance with 76.6% capacitance retention in range of 0.2–2 A g[Formula: see text], and good cyclic stability with 93% capacitance retention after 3000 charge–discharge cycles at 1 A g[Formula: see text], as well as energy density of 30.5 Wh kg[Formula: see text] at 0.2 A g[Formula: see text] and power density of 989.6 W kg[Formula: see text] at 2 A g[Formula: see text] in 1 mol L[Formula: see text] H2SO4 aqueous solution using a three-electrode system. Moreover, it delivers specific capacitances of 143.3, 140.2, 137.4, and 134.3 F g[Formula: see text] at 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 A g[Formula: see text], respectively, and excellent rate performance with 93.7% capacitance retention in range of 0.2–2 A g[Formula: see text], as well as energy density of 4.9 Wh kg[Formula: see text] at 0.2 A g[Formula: see text] and power density of 488.6 W kg[Formula: see text] at 2 A g[Formula: see text] in 6 mol L[Formula: see text] KOH aqueous solution using a symmetrical two-electrode system. The correlation between hierarchically porous structure with heteroatom doping and capacitive performance is also discussed.

Heat capacity (5 to 350 K) and recommended thermodynamic properties of barium uranate (BaUO4) to 1100 K

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A.G O'Hare ◽  
Howard E Flotow ◽  
H.R Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document