scholarly journals Default Mode Network : Its Implications in Psychiatry

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Souvik Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
The Face ◽  
Neuro Imaging ◽  
High Level ◽  
Washington University

The brain’s “default mode network” is among the most rapidly growing neuroscientific topics of the new millennium. Since the appointment of its name in the turn of the millenium (Raichle and others 2001), the default network has garnered considerable interest for its high level of resting metabolic activity, which decreases in the face of externally-directed attention (Minoshima and others 1997; Gusnard and Raichle 2001). Though its presence was anticipated by some Neuro-scientists as early as late 1920s, it was a serendipitous discovery by a group of Neuroradiologists working on functional neuro-imaging at Washington University School of Medicine.

scholarly journals Multimodal Imaging of Alzheimer Pathophysiology in the Brain's Default Mode Network

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghan Shin ◽  
Vladimir Kepe ◽  
Gary W. Small ◽  
Michael E. Phelps ◽  
Jorge R. Barrio
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
The Brain

The spatial correlations between the brain's default mode network (DMN) and the brain regions known to develop pathophysiology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we compare results of different functional and structural imaging modalities, including MRI and PET, and highlight different patterns of anomalies observed within the DMN. Multitracer PET imaging in subjects with and without dementia has demonstrated that [C-11]PIB- and [F-18]FDDNP-binding patterns in patients with AD overlap within nodes of the brain's default network including the prefrontal, lateral parietal, lateral temporal, and posterior cingulate cortices, with the exception of the medial temporal cortex (especially, the hippocampus) where significant discrepancy between increased [F-18]FDDNP binding and negligible [C-11]PIB-binding was observed. [F-18]FDDNP binding in the medial temporal cortex—a key constituent of the DMN—coincides with both the presence of amyloid and tau pathology, and also with cortical areas with maximal atrophy as demonstrated by T1-weighted MR imaging of AD patients.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ACTIVATION OF THE DEFAULT MODE NETWORK IN PEOPLE WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF CHRONIC STRESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
M.Kh. Zashezova ◽  
◽  
D.V. Ustyuzhanin ◽  
A.R. Kaverina ◽  
M.A. Shariya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals The Surprising Role of the Default Mode Network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brandman ◽  
R. Malach ◽  
E. Simony.
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Fluctuation Pattern ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe default mode network (DMN) is a group of high-order brain regions recently implicated in processing external naturalistic events, yet it remains unclear what cognitive function it serves. Here we identified the cognitive states predictive of DMN fMRI coactivation. Particularly, we developed a state-fluctuation pattern analysis, matching network coactivations across a short movie with retrospective behavioral sampling of movie events. Network coactivation was selectively correlated with the state of surprise across movie events, compared to all other cognitive states (e.g. emotion, vividness). The effect was exhibited in the DMN, but not dorsal attention or visual networks. Furthermore, surprise was found to mediate DMN coactivations with hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. These unexpected findings point to the DMN as a major hub in high-level prediction-error representations.

scholarly journals The surprising role of the default mode network in naturalistic perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Brandman ◽  
Rafael Malach ◽  
Erez Simony
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Fluctuation Pattern ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe default mode network (DMN) is a group of high-order brain regions recently implicated in processing external naturalistic events, yet it remains unclear what cognitive function it serves. Here we identified the cognitive states predictive of DMN fMRI coactivation. Particularly, we developed a state-fluctuation pattern analysis, matching network coactivations across a short movie with retrospective behavioral sampling of movie events. Network coactivation was selectively correlated with the state of surprise across movie events, compared to all other cognitive states (e.g. emotion, vividness). The effect was exhibited in the DMN, but not dorsal attention or visual networks. Furthermore, surprise was found to mediate DMN coactivations with hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. These unexpected findings point to the DMN as a major hub in high-level prediction-error representations.

Concepts and Compositionality: In Search of the Brain's Language of Thought

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Frankland ◽  
Joshua D. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Language Of Thought ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Episodic Simulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Language Of Thought Hypothesis

Imagine Genghis Khan, Aretha Franklin, and the Cleveland Cavaliers performing an opera on Maui. This silly sentence makes a serious point: As humans, we can flexibly generate and comprehend an unbounded number of complex ideas. Little is known, however, about how our brains accomplish this. Here we assemble clues from disparate areas of cognitive neuroscience, integrating recent research on language, memory, episodic simulation, and computational models of high-level cognition. Our review is framed by Fodor's classic language of thought hypothesis, according to which our minds employ an amodal, language-like system for combining and recombining simple concepts to form more complex thoughts. Here, we highlight emerging work on combinatorial processes in the brain and consider this work's relation to the language of thought. We review evidence for distinct, but complementary, contributions of map-like representations in subregions of the default mode network and sentence-like representations of conceptual relations in regions of the temporal and prefrontal cortex.

scholarly journals Default‐mode network functional connectivity is closely related to metabolic activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 2027-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Passow ◽  
Karsten Specht ◽  
Tom Christian Adamsen ◽  
Martin Biermann ◽  
Njål Brekke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Default Mode

scholarly journals The gradient model of brain organization in decisions involving 'empathy for pain'

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Labek ◽  
Elisa Sittenberger ◽  
Valerie Kienhoefer ◽  
Luna Rabl ◽  
Irene Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Gradient Model ◽  
Empathy For Pain ◽  
High Level

Recent meta-analytic studies of social cognition and the functional imaging of empathy have exposed the overlap between their neural substrates and heteromodal association areas. The 'gradient model' of cortical organization proposes a close relationship between these areas and highly connected hubs in the default mode network, a set of cortical areas deactivated by demanding tasks. Here, we used a decision-making task and representational similarity analysis with classic 'empathy for pain' visual stimuli to probe the relationship between high-level representations of imminent pain in others and the high end of the gradient of this model. High-level representations were found to co-localize with task deactivations or the transitions from activations to deactivations. These loci belonged to two groups: those that loaded on the high end of the principal cortical gradient and were associated by meta-analytic decoding with the default mode network, and those that appeared to accompany functional repurposing of somatosensory cortex in the presence of visual stimuli. In contrast to the nonspecific meta-analytic decoding of these loci, low-level representations, such as those of body parts involved in pain or of pain itself, were decoded with matching topics terms. These findings suggest that that task deactivations may set out cortical areas that host high-level representations, but whose functional characterization in terms of simple mappings is unlikely. We anticipate that an increased understanding of the cortical correlates of high-level representations may improve neurobiological models of social interactions and psychopathology.

Increased Default Mode Network Connectivity Following EEG Neurofeedback in PTSD

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Kluetsch ◽  
Tomas Ros ◽  
Jean Theberge ◽  
Paul Frewen ◽  
Christian Schmahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Eeg Neurofeedback

Default mode network connections supporting intra-individual variability in typically developing primary school children: An EEG study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 811-823
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Yu. Privodnova ◽  
Helena R. Slobodskaya ◽  
Andrey V. Bocharov ◽  
Alexander E. Saprigyn ◽  
Gennady G. Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Network Connections
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