scholarly journals Deposit and Theft? Two Unusual Interactions over Wild Plant Food between Adult Chimpanzees in Mahale

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Takuya Matsumoto ◽  
Hiroko Sakuragi
Keyword(s):  
Wild Plant ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Wild Plant Food

scholarly journals Re-analysis of archaeobotanical remains from pre- and early agricultural sites provides no evidence for a narrowing of the wild plant food spectrum during the origins of agriculture in southwest Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wallace ◽  
Glynis Jones ◽  
Michael Charles ◽  
Emily Forster ◽  
Eleanor Stillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Plant ◽  
Food Spectrum ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Origins Of Agriculture ◽  
Archaeobotanical Remains ◽  
Wild Plant Food

Plant Use in the Mesolithic and its Role in the Transition to Farming

1994 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Zvelebil
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
Plant Processing ◽  
Wild Plant Food ◽  
Late Mesolithic

The purpose of this paper is to review the current evidence for plant use in Mesolithic Europe and to summarize its implications. In order to do so, four sources of data are examined: macrobotanical remains, palynological data, artefactual evidence, and the human biological record.A prelimary survey of palaeobotanical evidence for plant use in the Mesolithic indicates that the evidence is far more extensive than expected hitherto and that accumulations of plant food, especially of nuts, point to their regular and extensive use. In those areas such as Britain, where a large number of fine-resolution palynological studies have been carried out, the incidence of clearance and burning phases seems to be too high to be explained by acts of nature alone. A good case can be made for deliberate forest clearance and the maintenance of a more open landscape by Late Mesolithic groups as part of a promotional strategy to increase the productivity of nut and fruit trees and shrubs, wetland plants, and possibly native grasses.Artefactual evidence points to a widespread distribution of soil-working tools (hoes and antler mattocks), especially in temperate Europe, and to a greater than expected presence of reaping and grinding equipment, lending conditional support for the existence of a specialized plant processing tool kit for digging, reaping, and plant processing.Palaeopathological evidence indicates the existence of a dietary pattern in the west Mediterranean making extensive use of starchy and carbohydrate foods which resulted in a high caries rate among the Mesolithic population of that area.In discussing the signiftcanse of these four lines of evidence, it is argued that, by the Late Mesolithic, the patterns of plant use support the notion of wild plant food husbandry instead of the incidental and opportunistic use of plants for food which has implicitly been accepted as a norm for the Mesolithic in Europe. Three geographical areas can be identified with their specific pattern of plant use: temperate Europe, Mediterranean Europe, and the south-eastern Balkans/Pontic Steppe. The patterns of plant use suggested in this paper emphasize the additive nature of the adoption of the agro-pastoral Neolithic farming practices in Europe.

Saponin‐likein vitrocharacteristics of extracts from selected non‐nutrient wild plant food additives used by Maasai in meat and milk based soups

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Chapman ◽  
T. Johns ◽  
R. L. A. Mahunnah
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Wild Plant Food

scholarly journals The energy content of whole and semi-processed baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit and seeds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Wood
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Wild Plant Food

This short report describes field and lab experiments used to determine the energy content of 1 kg of baobab fruit in two forms: 1) whole unprocessed fruit and 2) semi-processed fruit that has had the outer shell removed. These goal of this report is to permit researchers to accurately estimate the energy content of baobab fruit as weighed during anthropological research with Hadza hunter-gatherers of northern Tanzania. The estimates assume that the seed of the baobab is being cracked open and the “nutmeat” consumed, as is customarily done by Hadza. The baobab fruit is an economically important wild plant food in many parts of Africa, and global demand for the fruit is growing, and thus these results have value for a variety of audiences. Based on the analyses reported below, I estimate that 1 kilogram of whole unprocessed baobab represents an expected energy value of 1057 kcal. One kilogram of semi-processed baobab has an expected energy value of 1791 kcal. Incorporating the relative fraction of baobab that is brought to camp by Hadza in these two forms, I estimate that 1 kilogram of field-weighed baobab has an average energy content of 1339 kcal, or 1.339 kcal / gram.

From complex to simple: balsamroot, inulin, and the chemistry of traditional Interior Salish pit-cooking technologyThis paper was submitted for the Special Issue on Ethnobotany, inspired by the Ethnobotany Symposium organized by Alain Cuerrier, Montréal Botanical Garden, and held in Montréal at the 2006 annual meeting of the Canadian Botanical Association/l’Association Botanique du Canada.

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Cooking Practices ◽  
Complex Carbohydrates ◽  
Interior Salish ◽  
Wild Plant Food ◽  
Balsamorhiza Sagittata

This paper presents the results of an experiment replicating traditional Interior Salish pit-cooking methods to process balsamroot ( Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.), a former food staple that contains the complex carbohydrate inulin. Analysis of fresh and cooked balsamroot samples reveals that with sufficient heat, moisture, and the release of volatile organic acids, inulin is hydrolyzed during pit cooking. This process converts complex carbohydrates into simple ones, resulting in an increase of 250% in the energy provided by simple sugars. When the average energy contributions of protein, simple and complex carbohydrates are tallied, the net result is an energy gain of approximately 65% between fresh and pit-cooked balsamroot. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of ancient pit-cooking practices in transforming unpalatable and inedible root resources into sweet-tasting, highly digestible sources of carbohydrate energy and supports my assertion that this processing technology was a key component of the wild plant food production systems of Interior Salish Peoples.

scholarly journals Gathering an edible wild plant: food or medicine? A case study on wild edibles and functional foods in Granada, Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Benítez ◽  
Joaquín Molero-Mesa ◽  
M. Reyes González-Tejero
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Edible Wild Plant ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Wild Plant Food ◽  
Wild Edibles

A study on wild edible resources has been performed in the western part of Granada Province (Spain) using ethnobotanical methods. We document and analyze knowledge concerning wild edible plants and mushrooms and their folk medicinal uses in the study area. Several botanical features and use characteristics have been analyzed for the species included, with special attention to their medicinal uses, highlighting a large number of edible-medicinal species. Local importance of the medicinal uses for these resources has been confirmed. Up to 135 species are gathered from the wild in the study area, from which 46 can be considered folk functional foods. In addition, 45 crop plants with uncommon edible or medicinal uses are included, 29 of these being considered functional foods as well. Therefore, a total of 75 plant species are used as edible medicines which serve to treat 36 different conditions. The local concept of food and medicine regarding wild plant resources seems not to be well established. Studies on the pharmacological properties of these foods are needed in order to establish their real or potential benefits for the treated affections.

scholarly journals Engineered feature used to enhance gardening at a 3800-year-old site on the Pacific Northwest Coast

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. e1601282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Hoffmann ◽  
Natasha Lyons ◽  
Debbie Miller ◽  
Alejandra Diaz ◽  
Amy Homan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wild Plant Food

Humans use a variety of deliberate means to modify biologically rich environs in pursuit of resource stability and predictability. Empirical evidence suggests that ancient hunter-gatherer populations engineered ecological niches to enhance the productivity and availability of economically significant resources. An archaeological excavation of a 3800-year-old wetland garden in British Columbia, Canada, provides the first direct evidence of an engineered feature designed to facilitate wild plant food production among mid-to-late Holocene era complex fisher-hunter-gatherers of the Northwest Coast. This finding provides an example of environmental, economic, and sociopolitical coevolutionary relationships that are triggered when humans manipulate niche environs.

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

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